英语国家社会与文化入门 上册缩略版简答题 答案

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2024年4月5日发(作者：)

unit7

1. (1)What are the purposes of the British education system? (2)Please comment on these

purposes. (3)What are the main purposes of the Chinese education system? (4)Are there any

differences or similarities in the education of the two nations?

(1)The purpose of the British education system is to teach children practical skills and socialize

them. (2)Children learn practical skills, and the rules and values they need to become good

citizens, to participate in the community, and to contribute to the economic prosperity of an

advanced industrial economy. (3)The purpose of the Chinese education is to provide children

with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society. (4) In

china, people think school is just about teaching children what are often called” the three

R’s---“reading, writing and ‘arithmetic”(reading, writing and arithmetic).

2. How does the British education reflect social class?

class inequality can be erased or continued according to education British, the accent

you speak with, the clothes you wear, and the schools you attend are all markers that identify

your social class. The school (or college)tie is a clear marker of social class. In Britain, where you

are educated is very important to you future.

3 what are the major changes that have taken place since World war 2? Is British education

moving towards more progress or more equality?

The new system would emphasize equality. All children were given the right to a free secondary

education and the main concern was to make sure more children had access to a good education.

4. Why does the author say that universities in Britain have been rather elitist?

Most students were from the middle classes, attended good schools, performed well in their

A-levels and received a fully-funded place in a university. In recent years, great efforts have been

made to increase the numbers of and kinds of people that pursue higher education.

5. (1) what is the Open University in Britain? (2)What do you think of this system?

(1)The Open University offers a non-traditional route for people to take university level courses

and receive a university degree. People can follow university courses through textbooks, TV and

radio broadcasts, correspondence, videos, residential schools and a network of study centre. (2)It

was the Open University which provided the inspiration for the founding of China’s TV and Radio

University.

Unit 8 British Foreign Relations

and how did the British empire end? How did the British react to this reality? How did the

end of British imperialism influence the psychology of the British and the making of Britain's

foreign policy?

(1) The end of the great British empire was surprisingly rapid. From 1946,many country under the

British rule g radually granted independence.

(2) On the one hand, the British could no longer afford to maintain its empire; while Britain had

won the war, it had paid a terrible price in terms of lives and in terms of economic destruction.

On the other hand, the British realized that countries should be granted the independence and

left to run their own affairs.

(3)many people are still alive who can remember when Britain was one of the most powerful and

rich nations on earth.

2. What are the foundations of Britain's foreign policy?

By its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits.帝国史和地缘政治特点

3. How is Britain's foreign policy made? Does the government's foreign policy represent the

desires of British citizens?

(1)The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain's foreign policy. The

main government department involved is of course the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO),

but many other government ministries also play a part in formulating and executing the

government's decisions.

(2) Since Britain is a parliamentary democracy, the government's foreign policy in theory

represents the desires of its electorate, but in fact British citizens are more concerned about

issues closer to home.

4. Why does the author say that the decision to join the EC was and remains controversial in

Britain?

1)The decision to join the EEC was very UK has always been very interested in

encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free

trade area.

2)However, the UK has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty

(that is, its control over national decision-making) to a European government.

5. Why does the author think that Britain has the "special relationship" with the United States?

Does this relationship still exist?

Because they shared many of the same worries aboutthe Soviet Union. Even today, in many

respects British and American policy-makers agree generally on, for example, how the global

economy should be managed, how a warlike state should be dealt with, issues about arms

control and so on.

was the purpose of establishing the NATO in the author's opinion? Do you agree with him?

Explain your point.

1)The purpose of NATO is to protect member states against aggression, to provide a foundation

for security in Europe, and to provide a form for transatlantic defence cooperation.

2)We disagree with the opinion. Actually, the United States is striving to lead and dominate NATO

and using it as a means to materialize its global hegemon dream.

Unit 9 The British Media

1. The author says that “the media” are central to British leisure culture”, why does the author

say so? What are some of the similarities and differences in terms of the function between the

British media and the Chinese media?作者说：“媒体”是英国休闲文化的中心“，为什么作

者这样说？英国媒体与中国媒体在功能上的相似性和不同点是什么？

(1)On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper.96

percent of the population watch TV at least once a week. It is obvious, then, that the media are

central to British leisure culture.

are some of the characteristics of British newspaper culture? In what way is it different

from the United States?

1)British newspaper culture is unusual in the extent to which class and educational differences

are reflected in the newspapers people read.

2)In the United States, newspaper reading is a mainly middle-class habit, but in Britain the "lower

classes" are also regular readers.1）英国报纸的文化在一定程度上是不寻常的，在一定程度上

反映了阶级和教育的差异。2）在美国，报纸阅读是一种主要的中产阶级的习惯，但在英国

的“下层阶级”也有规律的读者。

3. Is the British press free from the government control and censorship? What is the relationship

between the British press and politics or business?

The British press is not free from the government control and censorship. They influence each

other mutually.

1)The British press acts as a watchdog on politics, while there are some political laws (such as

laws of libel and defamation and the Official Secrets Act) which limit the freedom of press as well.

2)The revenue from business(like ad) makes up the bulk of most newspapers' income, and

newspaper is an effective tool of promoting the business. They bring profits to each other.

4. How does the BBC operate? How is it different from American broadcasting systems?

The BBC is funded by licence fees and viewers must buy a licence each year for their TV set.

American is more popular and widely available .

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