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2024年4月27日发(作者:)

7. 夸 张

HYPERBOLE

1. 定义

Hyperbole: A figure of speech consisting in exaggerated or extravagant

statement, used to express a strong feeling or produce a strong impression,

and not intended to be understood literally (OED); extravagant exaggeration

that represents something as much greater or less, better or worse, or more

intense than it really is or that depicts impossible as actual (as “mile-high

ice-cream cones”) (WED). 英语Hyperbole (夸张)一词源于希腊语的huperbole,

原意为excess (超过)。这是一种故意夸大其词或言过其实(overstatement)的修辞手法,

其特点是对表达对象进行有违常识或不合逻辑的夸张性描写,以此来取得强烈的修辞效果。

试比较以下例句:

(1) He ran down the avenue, making aloud noise.

(2) He ran down the avenue, making a noise like ten horses at a gallop.

显而易见,例(1)为一般性描写,而例(2)则属夸张性描写,远比例(1)生动形象,使人

有如临其境,如闻其声之感。因此它常用于文学作品和日常生活中,而不用于科学著作、

调查报告、情况汇报、政策文件等应用文体中。

就性质而言,英语夸张可分为两类,即扩大夸张(Extended Hyperbole)和缩小夸张

(Reduced Hyperbole) 。前者将描写对象的形象、数量、作用、程度等特征性的东西说

得特别高、特别大;后者正相反,即把描写对象的形象、数量、作用、程度等特征性的东

西说得特别底、特别小。比较以下例句可看出两者的特点:

(1) His eloquence would split rocks!

他的雄辩之威之利,能劈磐石。

(2) It is the last straw that breaks the camel’s back.

骆驼负载过重,加根草就能压死。

*例(1)为扩大夸张;例(2)则是缩小夸张。

2.表达方式

英语Hyperbole按构成方式大体可分为五类,现分别举例说明。

( 1 ) 用数词表示

We must fight for every inch of land.

我们必须寸土必争。

This made him roar like a thousand bulls. ( George Eliot: The Mill on

the Floss )

本文标签: 夸张对象描写形象分为