培根美文《论读书》原文及三种译文

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2024年6月4日发(作者：)

培根美文《论读书》原文及三种译文——快速阅读相关

阅读是我们获取知识的重要手段，下面是培根著名的关于读书的一篇美文——论读书

，并奉上另外两个版本的译文。对于好的书，可以多加研读，对于普通书籍，知其大意

即可，就像在 快速阅读 中，阅读是弹性的，你可以选择对内容把握程度的深浅。“有些

书可以浅尝辄止，有些书可以生吞，而有少数书应该细嚼慢咽，融会贯通”——

谈读书

——王佐良译

读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最

见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一

一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。 读书费时过多易惰，文

采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足

，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之

，则又大而无当。

有一技之长鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书，然读书并不以用处告人，用

书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上

所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。

书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只

须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所

作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而五味矣。

读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常做笔记者须记忆特强，不常

讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。

读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，论理学使人庄重，逻

辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使

之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠

胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演算须全神贯注，稍有分

散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不

善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。

【原文】

Of Studies

——Francis Bacon

Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in

privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the

judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps

judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and

marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned.

To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is

affection; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. They

perfect nature and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural

plants, that need pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth directions too

much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.

Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for

they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them and above them, won

by observation. Read not to contradict and confuse; nor to believe and take for

granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed

and digested; that is some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but

not curiously; and some few to be ready wholly, and with diligence and attention.

Some books also may be read by deputy and extracts made of them by others; but

that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books;

else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.

Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And

therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he

had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning to

seem to know that he doth not.

Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy

deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.

Abeunt studia in mores. Nay there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be

wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate

exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast;

gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man’s wit be

wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called

away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find

differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt

to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him

study the lawyers’ cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.

论读书

——廖运范译

读书能给人乐趣、文雅和能力。人们独居或退隐的时候，最能体会到读书的乐趣；谈

本文标签： 读书可令阅读不可足以