高中英语 独立主格结构精讲(配套练习和答案)

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2024年6月15日发(作者：)

独立主格结构

“独立主格结构”（absolute construction）又叫“独立结构”。由于

在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系，因此传统语

法叫做“独立主格结构”。独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和

主句隔开。

（一）独立主格结构形式

独立主格结构可以分为两部分，形式为：

基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/

名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。

1． 名词/代词+ 现在分词

现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。

例：The man lay there, his hands trembling.

So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.

注：“独立结构”中的being或 having been 有时可以省去，形成

一种名词或代词+名词、形容词、副词、介词短语的结构形式。

2． 名词/代词+过去分词

过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种

状态。

例：The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.

The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.

Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.

3． 名词/代词+不定式

不定式表示的是将来的动作。

These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month.

We shall get together at 7:30, the procession（游行）to start moving

at 8 sharp.

4. 名词/代词+名词

名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。

例：Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.

He fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon.

5． 名词/代词+形容词短语

形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。

例：The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while.

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I heard that she got injured in the accident，my heart full of sorry.

这两个句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上，就变成了现在

分词分句。

6．名词/代词+副词

副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。

例：The meeting over, we all went home.

Nobody in, he left a message on the board.

7. 名词/代词+介词短语

介词短语说明伴随前面名词或代词的方式或者状态。

例：The teacher came in, a book under his arm.

Nobody at home, the thief took a lot of things away.

（二） with引导的复合结构

with引导的复合结构，相当于在前述各种独立主格结构前加上

with，因此，一般认为这也是一种独立主格结构

【例】A woman got on the bus，with a baby around her arms.

The teacher came in with several students following behind.

With a lot of things to deal with, he will have a difficult time.

He left the office with the lights on.

Mary rushed out of the house with the door open.

【例】After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid

on expanding education, with girls as well as boys ____________ to go

to school.

A) to be encouraged C) being encouraged

B) been encouraged D) be encouraged

介词with引出分词独立结构，表示一种陪衬性动作或补充说明。

所以，答案是C) being encouraged。选项A) to be encouraged是动词

不定式，for her to do是动词不定式短语，常做目的状语，不能引出

陪衬性动作。选项B) been encouraged和D) be encouraged这两种形式

都不能与with构成分词独立结构做补语。

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