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2024年7月29日发(作者:)

考研英语:长难句翻译-真题解析+总结

真题实战

This trend began during the Second World War,when several

governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a

government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot

generally be foreseen in detail.

结构分析

该句子的主干成分是This trend began during the Second World War,后面

一个由when引导的定语从句;定语从句中的主干部分是several governments

came to the conclusion,后面加一个that引导的同位语从句;同位语从句中,

主语和谓语是the specific demands,后面还有一个that引导的定语从句修饰

主语;that引导的同位语从句中,谓语部分是cannot generally be foreseen in

detail。所以句子结构比较复杂。

词汇释义

trend n. 趋势,倾向

specific a. 具体的,详细的

establishment n. 建立,机构

demand n. 要求,需求

come to the conclusion 得出结论

scientific establishment 科学机构

拆分翻译

This trend began during the Second World War,/ /

这种趋势开始于第二次世界大战期间

when several governments came to the conclusion / /

当时,一些国家的政府得出结论

that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its

scientific establishment / /

政府想要对其科研机构提出的具体要求

cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

通常无法详细的预见

参考译文

这种趋势开始于第二次世界大战期间,当时,一些国家的政府得出结论:政府向

科研机构提出的具体要求通常无法详细的预见的。

总结

如何区分when引导的是定语从句还是状语从句?一般看when前面的名词,

如果是一个表示时间的名词,通常就是定语从句,根据从句的类型,when通常

翻译成“那时”、“这时”、“届时”。如果when前面不是一个表示时间的名

词,通常是状语从句,when就翻译为“当......的时候”。

难句解析

Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications,people

everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new

customs and ideas,while governments are often forced to introduce still

further innovations for the reasons given above.

重点词汇

owing to 由于

remarkable 显著的

be exposed to 遭受,暴露于

innovation 改革,创新

切分句子

1.这是由while连接的两个句子,其中第一个句子又是由and并列的两个句子,

Owing to 引导原因状语从句;

2.其中while前面的句子主语是people,谓语是are feeling,宾语是new

wants,and并列的句子省略了主语people,谓语是are being exposed to,

宾语是new customs and ideas;while后的句子主语是governments,for the

reasons given above作状语。

参考译文

由于大众传媒的显著发展,各地的人们都感觉到新的需求,并且正接触到新的习

俗和思想,而政府因为上述原因常常被迫引进进一步的革新措施。

难句解析

Furthermore,it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is

directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and

that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of

all kinds.

重点词汇

furthermore 此外

bound up with 与某事物关系密切的

rest upon 取决于

切分句子

1.这是个主系表结构,it是形式主语,真正的主语是由and并列的两个that从

句,谓语是is,表语是obvious,Furthermore作状语;

2.第一个that从句主语是the strength of a country's economy,谓语是is

bound up with,宾语是the efficiency ,of后面的是定语,修饰宾语,第二

个that从句结构类似。

参考译文

此外,很明显,一个国家的经济实力直接取决于其农业和工业的效率,并且反过

来这又取决于各类科学家和技术人员的努力。

难句解析

Odd though it sounds,cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible

consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics,and

many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a

decade that it is true.

重点词汇

cosmic inflation 宇宙膨胀论

plausible 貌似真实的

elementary particle physics 基本粒子物理学

have been convinced that 认为

the better part of a decade 七八年来

切分句子

1.这是由and并列的两个句子,第一句前面的句子是though引导的让步状语

从句,是个倒装句,后面是主系表结构;

2.第一个句子的主语是cosmic inflation,谓语是is,a scientifically plausible

consequence是表语,of some respected ideas in elementary particle

physics是定语,修饰consequence;第二个句子主语是many astrophysicists,

have been convinced是谓语,宾语是that引导的从句,for the better part of

a decade是时间状语。

参考译文

尽管听起来很奇怪,宇宙膨胀论是基本粒子物理学中一些权威的观点在科学上似

乎合理的结果,并且许多天体物理学家都认为这七八年来,它是对的。

难句解析

Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and

balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures,and may report their

findings soon.

重点词汇

astrophysicist 天体物理学家

detector 探测器

切分句子

这是由and连接的两个句子,主谓宾结构,主语是Astrophysicists,谓语分别是

are closing in on和may report,working with ground-based detectors at the South

Pole and balloon-borne instruments是定语,修饰前面的主语。

参考译文

使用南极的地面探测器和球载仪器的天体物理学家,正在研究这些结构,并且也

许不久会报告他们的观测结果。

难句解析

When it comes to the slowing economy,Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just

the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting,filing or polishing as many nails as she'd like

to,either.

重点词汇

When it 当谈论......时

manicurist 美甲师

polish 磨光

切分句子

这是由but连接的两个并列句,前句中谓语是isn't biting,主谓宾非常明显,前

面是When引导的时间状语从句;后面的句子也是主谓宾结构,谓语是由isn't

cutting、filing和polishing并列构成。

参考译文

当经济发展速度开始减慢时,艾琳▪斯派罗不再咬手指甲了。但是,这位47岁的

指甲修饰师修剪、锉磨、上油的指甲数量却难遂其愿了。

难句解析

Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show

them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and

are in sympathy with their point of view.

重点词汇

be relevant to 与...相关

in sympathy with 同情

切分句子

1. 这是由and连接的两个并列句,句子的主语是Your humor,后面有两个平

行的谓语must be 和should help ,它们后面分别接宾语;

2.其中should help 后面的宾语是不定式to show ,show 的宾语是两个并列的

宾语从句:that you are one of them 和that you understand their situation

and are in sympathy with their point of view,两个宾语之间用or连接。

参考译文

你的幽默必须与听众有关,能够向他们显示你是他们的一员,或者你了解他们的

情况并同情他们的观点。

难句解析

As personal injury claims continue as before,some courts are beginning to side with

defendants,especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn't have

changed anything.

重点词汇

claim 索赔

defendant 被告人

label 标签

切分句子

1.在这个主从复合句中,主句的谓语是are beginning to,some courts是主语,主

谓宾结构,前一个分句是由As引导的伴随状语从句,注意这里的claims是名词;

后面跟了一个where引导的定语从句,修饰cases,这个定语从句的主干

是a warning label wouldn't have changed anything。

参考译文

随着个人伤害索赔案件如以往一样不断发生,但有些法庭已开始站到被告一方,

特别是在处理那些有警告标签页可能无法避免伤害的案件时。

难句解析

While warnings are often appropriate and necessary—the dangers of drug

interactions,for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations,it

isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a

customer is injured.

重点词汇

appropriate 合适的

interaction 相互作用

protect sb from sth 保护某人免受...

liability 责任

切分句子

1.在这个主从复合句中,主句的谓语动词是isn't,it是形式主语,that后面的内

容是真正的主语,其中包括if引导的条件状语从句;

2.前一个分句是由While引导的让步状语从句,这个从句由两个并列句组成,中

间用and连接;破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容,连词and后面

的many省略了warnings。

参考译文

虽然警告往往是适当的和必要的(例如,药物相互作用的危险性),许多是州或联邦

法规所要求的,但不清楚的是,如果顾客受到伤害,这些警告是否真正能够保护

制造商和销售者免于承担责任。

难句解析

Tylor defined culture as "...that complex whole which includes

belief,art,morals,law,custom,and any other capabilities and habits

acquired by man as a member of society."

重点词汇

as 把...定义为

whole 整体

切分句子

句子主干Tylor defined culture as "...that complex whole." 其中which后是

定语成分,acquired by man as a member of society是过去分词作定语,修

饰前面的所有名词。

参考译文

泰勒把文化定义成“...一个复杂的整体,它包括了作为社会的成员的人所获得的

信念、艺术、道德、法律、习俗和其他的任何能力和习惯。”

Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to

physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical

principle of "double effect," a centuries-old moral principle holding that

an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful

one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good

effect.

重点词汇

constitutional 宪法的

principle 原则

permissible 许可的

切分句子

1.先找主语谓语动词supported,前面是Although引导的让步状语从句,其后

是主句;

2.主句的主干the Court supported the medical principle of "double

effect,"后面是一个对double effect进行说明的的同位语,里面又有一个

holding引导的宾语从句,破折号之间是插入语,解释说明two effects。

参考译文

尽管裁决认为,宪法没有赋予医生帮助病人自杀的权利,然而最高法院实际上却

认可了医疗届的“双效”原则,这个存在了好几个世纪的道德原则认为,如果某

种行为具有“双效”效果(希望达到的好效果和可以预见得到的坏效果),那么,

只要行为目的出于好的效果,这个行为就是可允许的。

If ambition is to be well regarded,the rewards of ambition—

wealth,distinction,control over one's destiny—must be deemed worthy

of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf.

重点词汇

regard 看待

reward 回报

distinction 荣誉,声誉,利益

sacrifice 牺牲

behalf 维护,支持

切分句子

本句包含一个if引导的条件状语从句If ambition is to be well regarded,主

句的主语是the rewards of ambition,谓语是must be deemed,而

wealth,distinction,control over one's destiny既是插入语,又是the rewards

的同位语。第二个破折号后的made on ambition's behalf是the sacrifice的

补语。

参考译文

如果要正确看待雄心壮志的话,那么它带来的回报(财富、声誉、对自己命运的

掌控)是一定被视为是值得人们为实现抱负而做出牺牲的。

本文标签: 引导主语句子