法律英语——合同中常见单词总结与解析

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2023年12月31日发(作者：)

法律英语——合同中常见单词总结与解析

My Vocabulary Briefing in Legal English

同一词语普通用语与法律用语意义不同的对比

单词 普通词义 法律词义 备注

accord 符合、一致 和解或和解协议 reach an accord/accord and

satisfaction

acquire 获得、获取 对公司的购买、收购 Acquisition~M&A

act/action 行为、行动 作为、诉讼 Act~forbear/initiate an action

agent 代理人、代理商 商业代理 （非商业用proxy）

attach 依附、粘贴 扣押（财产） Attach the property/attachment

order

bind 包扎、粘合 约束 Bind sb. to sth./to do sth.

call 呼唤、召集 催促履行义务、催款 Notice of call

composition 作文、结构 和解协议 债务人与债权人~settlement

agreement

contributio贡献、捐赠 出资 Registered capital contribution

n

custom 风俗、惯例 惯例法、Customs海Custom and usage(惯例、习惯关 法)customs declaration. Customs

duty

distress 悲痛、贫困；使扣押物 Abuse the distress滥用扣押物。悲痛、使贫困 Distress sale 扣押物出售

future 未来 Futures期货；期货Futures sales; futures contract;

合同 futures market

grace 慈悲、恩惠 宽限期 Day of grace; grace period

Honor 荣誉、信誉 对票据的承兑 Honor a bill

infant 婴儿 未成年人（minor） The contract made by an infant

limitation 限制 时效 Lapse of limitation

promotion 推广 发起设立（公司） Incorporation by promotion

realize 实现 财产的变现 Realize the security; unrealized

profit;

receivable 可接受的 应收 Schedule of accounts receivable;

bills receivable; amount

receivable.

retain 保留、保持 聘请（律师、顾问等） Retain an attorney

royalty 皇族、高贵 知识产权使用费 Royalty bonus; royalty interest;

royalty tax

satisfactio满足 清偿或履行 Satisfaction by legacy;

n satisfaction of judgment;

satisfaction of lien.

survive 幸存 继续有效 This clause shall survive the

termination…

同一意义正式与非正式的表达

单词 相当于 例句

affect influence affect its right

Construe/construInterpret/interpretA waiver shall not be construed as…

ction ation Construction of the contract

determine Decide(法律英语中表It shall be determined with reference

示判决、裁决) to…

The court decided that the litigation

fee…

Due to Because of The contract was terminated due to…

Exclusive of excluding All rates quoted herein are exclusive

of tax.

In accordance According to 类似词组pursuant to, in pursuance

with with

forthwith immediately It shall forthwith notify the other

party…

Provided that but 略

Real property Real estate 范围更广些，除土地及附属建筑和房屋还有其他附属的各种权益

undertake promise Undertake to do

As of since This contract shall take effect as of

the said date …

Comply with Abide Failure to comply with the regulations

by/observe/follow can result…

Deem(be deemed believe …shall be deemed to be the consent

to) of …

Intend to Wish to

In the event/case if

that

interim temporary Regular meetings and interim meetings

notwithstanding Though/although

一词多义:

Advise

释义：advise在法律英语中有两个常用意思：

①律师等法律工作者提供法律建议，如

The partner of the law firm advised the Manager on various specialist

legal issues。

该律师事务所的合伙人就各种专业法律问题向经理提出了法律建议。

②通知，相当于notify或inform，如

The use of advise in the sense of “inform, notify,” was restricted

to business correspondence and legal contexts. Thus one may say the

suspects were advised of their rights, but it would be considered

pretentious to say you’d better advise your friends that the date of

the picnic has been changed。

advise 表示“通知，告知”的这种用法局限地用于商业往来及法律情况。因此可以说嫌疑犯被告知他们所具有的权利， 但是你最好通知你的朋友，野餐的日期有所改变，这种说法被认为是做作的。

Deposit

释义：deposit在法律英语中通常最常用的意思有两个：

①存款，这是他在普通英语和法律英语都很常见的意思，既可作名词也可作动词，如

He has a deposit of 10,000yuan in ICBC。他在工商银行有1万元的存款。

People tend to deposit their idle money in the bank。人们喜欢把不用的钱存到银行。

②定金，保证金，相当于earnest money。根据中国的合同法，缴纳定金方违约的，定金不予返还，接收定金方违约的，应当双方返还定金。如

The shop undertook to keep the goods for me provided that I paid a

deposit.

商店答应, 倘若我付定金就给我保留这批货。

Discharge

释义：discharge在法律英语中的常用含义有两个：

①履行，侧重于对具体义务的履行，相当于fulfill，如

He discharged his obligations after the call of the creditors。

他在债权人的督促下，才履行了自己的义务。

②免除，即免除他人的义务或债务。

His liability to pay the loan to the bank was discharged due to his

bankruptcy。

他对银行的借款偿还义务因其破产而免除。

从上面两个例子可以看出，discharge的两个含义是截然相反的，因此，我们在理解和翻译它的含义时，应当放到上下文中，不能望文生义。一般来说，

如果主语是自己（如例证1），就理解为履行，动作由别人发出（如例证2），则理解为免除。

draft

释义：draft在法律英语中通常有两个含义，一个是起草，如draft a law起草法律，draft a contract起草合同等。另一个意思是汇票，如承兑汇票也可以是honor a draft，开具汇票可以说是issue a draft等。

execute

释义：execute是法律英语中常用也是比较容易出错的单词，通常理解为合同的签订等。如the contract shall take effect upon its execution 合同自签订之日起生效。很多人容易把它理解为执行，这是错误的。但execution的确有执行、履行的意思，如果它与表示一段的时间状语连用，那肯定是执行、履行的意思，如in the course of the execution of the contract在合同履行过程中。

issue

释义：issue的意思是签发，如issue an order签发命令，issue a notice签发通知，issue stock发行证券，issue a draft开具汇票等。用作名词时，意思是争点、争议点，即当事人之间关于事实或法律的争议事项，如issue at/in

law 法律上的争点，issue of fact事实上的争点等。

representation

释义：representation在法律英语中有两个含义，一是代表，如representation by counsel由律师代表，一个是陈述，通常和warranty连用，出现在合同中，representation and warranty为合同的“陈述与保证条款”。

underwrite

释义:underwrite在法律英语中有两个常见含义，一是承保、给…保险，如underwrite the goods in transit为运输途中的货物承保，另外一个意思是证券承销、报销，如underwriting agreement证券承销协议，underwriting spread承销差价等。

settlement

释义：settlement在法律英语中的常见含义是和解，如reach a settlement达成和解，settlement out of court庭外和解。另外，settlement也可作账目的结算，如settlement of an account账目结算，settlement date交割日等。

term

释义：term在法律英语中有两个常见含义，一是期限，如term of office任期，term of the contract 合同有效期，另外一个是条件，如term of the

purchase购买条件，terms and conditions条件及条款等。

withdraw

释义：withdraw有两个常用意思，一是支取、提款，如withdraw money from

the bank从银行提款，另一个意思是撤回、撤销，如withdraw an offer撤回邀约，withdraw a charge撤回指控，withdraw from criminal activities推出犯罪活动等。

withhold

释义：withhold在法律英语中有两个常见含义，一是扣付，如withhold tax代扣税款，另外一个是拒绝（公开、给予等），如withhold consent不同意，withhold sentence不予判刑等。

习惯用法

joint and several

释义：joint and several是一个常用词组，意思是连带的，如joint (and

several ) liability连带责任，又如a warranty，representation，undertaking,

indemnity, covenant or agreement on the part of two or more persons binds

them jointly and severally.两人或两人以上对其所作的保证、陈述、承诺、赔偿、约定或协议负有连带责任。

null and void

释义：void的意思是无效的，常常和null连用，即null and void无效，如an act in conflict of law shall be null and void与法律冲突的行为无效。Void contract无效合同，void marriage无效婚姻，void legacy无效遗嘱，void release无效弃权等。

本文标签： 法律意思履行定金含义