Android SDK 安装方法(官网原文)

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Installing the SDK

In this document

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

2.

5.

6.

7.

1. Preparing Your Development Computer

2. Downloading the SDK Starter Package

3. Installing the ADT Plugin for Eclipse

4. Adding Platforms and Other Components

Available Components

Recommended Components

5. Exploring the SDK (Optional)

Next Steps

Troubleshooting

See also

1.

2.

ADT Plugin for Eclipse

Adding SDK Components

This page describes how to install the Android SDK and set up your development environment

for the first time.

If you encounter any problems during installation, see the Troubleshooting section at the

bottom of this page.

Updating?

If you already have an Android SDK, use the Android SDK and AVD Manager tool to install

updated tools and new Android platforms into your existing environment. For information about

how to do that, see Adding SDK Components

Step 1. Preparing Your Development Computer

Before getting started with the Android SDK, take a moment to confirm that your development

computer meets the System Requirements. In particular, you might need to install the JDK, if

you don't have it already.

If you will be developing in Eclipse with the Android Development Tools (ADT) Plugin—the

recommended path if you are new to Android—make sure that you have a suitable version of

Eclipse installed on your computer (3.4 or newer is recommended). If you need to install

Eclipse, you can download it from this location:

/downloads/

For Eclipse 3.5 or newer, the "Eclipse Classic" version is recommended. Otherwise, a Java or

RCP version of Eclipse is recommended.

Step 2. Downloading the SDK Starter Package

The SDK starter package is not a full development environment—it includes only the core SDK

Tools, which you can use to download the rest of the SDK components (such as the latest

Android platform).

If you haven't already, get the latest version of the SDK starter package from the SDK

download page.

If you downloaded a

.zip or

.tgz package (instead of the SDK installer), unpack it to a

safe location on your machine. By default, the SDK files are unpacked into a directory named

android-sdk-.

If you downloaded the Windows installer (.exe file), run it now and it will check whether the

proper Java SE Development Kit (JDK) is installed (installing it, if necessary), then install the

SDK Tools into a default location (which you can modify).

Make a note of the name and location of the SDK directory on your system—you will need to

refer to the SDK directory later, when setting up the ADT plugin and when using the SDK tools

from command line.

Step 3. Installing the ADT Plugin for Eclipse

Android offers a custom plugin for the Eclipse IDE, called Android Development Tools (ADT),

that is designed to give you a powerful, integrated environment in which to build Android

applications. It extends the capabilites of Eclipse to let you quickly set up new Android projects,

create an application UI, debug your applications using the Android SDK tools, and even

export signed (or unsigned) APKs in order to distribute your application. In general, developing

in Eclipse with ADT is a highly recommended approach and is the fastest way to get started

with Android.

If you'd like to use ADT for developing Android applications, install it now. Read Installing the

ADT Plugin for step-by-step installation instructions, then return here to continue the last step

in setting up your Android SDK.

If you prefer to work in a different IDE, you do not need to install Eclipse or ADT, instead, you

can directly use the SDK tools to build and debug your application. The developer guide has

more information about Developing in Other IDEs.

Step 4. Adding Platforms and Other Components

The last step in setting up your SDK is using the Android SDK and AVD Manager (a tool

included in the SDK starter package) to download essential SDK components into your

development environment.

The SDK uses a modular structure that separates the major parts of the SDK—Android

platform versions, add-ons, tools, samples, and documentation—into a set of separately

installable components. The SDK starter package, which you've already downloaded, includes

only a single component: the latest version of the SDK Tools. To develop an Android

application, you also need to download at least one Android platform and the SDK

Platform-tools (tools that the latest platform depend upon). However, downloading additional

components is highly recommended.

If you used the Windows installer, when you complete the installation wizard, it will launch the

Android SDK and AVD Manager with a default set of platforms and other components selected

for you to install. Simply click Install to accept the recommended set of components and install

them. You can then skip to Step 5, but we recommend you first read the section about the

Available Components to better understand the components available from the Android SDK

and AVD Manager.

You can launch the Android SDK and AVD Manager in one of the following ways:







From within Eclipse, select Window > Android SDK and AVD Manager.

On Windows, double-click the

SDK file at the root of the Android

SDK directory.

On Mac or Linux, open a terminal and navigate to the

tools/ directory in the

Android SDK, then execute:

android

To download components, use the graphical UI of the Android SDK and AVD Manager, shown

in Figure 1, to browse the SDK repository and select new or updated components. The

Android SDK and AVD Manager will install the selected components in your SDK environment.

For information about which components you should download, see the following section

about Recommended Components.

Figure 1. The Android SDK and AVD Manager's Available Packages panel, which shows

the SDK components that are available for you to download into your environment.

Available Components

By default, there are two repositories of components for your SDK: Android Repository and

Third party Add-ons.

The Android Repository offers these types of components:

 SDK Tools (pre-installed in the Android SDK starter package) — Contains tools for

debugging and testing your application and other utility tools. You can access these in the

/tools/ directory of your SDK and read more about them in the Tools section of

the developer guide.

 SDK Platform-tools — Contains tools that are required to develop and debug your

application, but which are developed alongside the Android platform in order to support the

latest features. These tools are typically updated only when a new platform becomes available.

You can access these in the

/platform-tools/ directory. Read more about

them in the Tools section of the developer guide.

 Android platforms — An SDK platform is available for every production Android

platform deployable to Android-powered devices. Each platform component includes a fully

compliant Android library and system image, sample code, emulator skins, and any version

specific tools. For detailed information about each platform, see the overview documents

available under the section "Downloadable SDK Components," at left.

 USB Driver for Windows (Windows only) — Contains driver files that you can install

on your Windows computer, so that you can run and debug your applications on an actual

device. You do not need the USB driver unless you plan to debug your application on an actual

Android-powered device. If you develop on Mac OS X or Linux, you do not need a special

driver to debug your application on an Android-powered device. (See Developing on a Device

for more information about developing on a real device.)

 Samples — Contains the sample code and apps available for each Android

development platform. If you are just getting started with Android development, make sure to

download the samples to your SDK.

 Documentation — Contains a local copy of the latest multiversion documentation for

the Android framework API.

The Third party Add-ons provide components that allow you to create a development

environment using a specific Android external library (such as the Google Maps library) or a

customized (but fully compliant) Android system image. You can add additional Add-on

repositories, by clicking Add Add-on Site.

Recommended Components

The SDK repository contains a range of components that you can download. Use the table

below to determine which components you need, based on whether you want to set up a basic,

recommended, or full development environment:

Environment SDK Component Comments

Basic SDK Tools If you've just installed the SDK starter package,

then you already have the latest version of this

component. The SDK Tools component is required

to develop an Android application. Make sure you

keep this up to date.

SDK Platform-tools This includes more tools that are required for

application development. These tools are

platform-dependent and typically update only when

a new SDK platform is made available, in order to

support new features in the platform. These tools

are always backward compatible with older

platforms, but you must be sure that you have the

latest version of these tools when you install a new

SDK platform.

SDK platform

You need to download at least one platform into

your environment, so that you will be able to

compile your application and set up an Android

Virtual Device (AVD) to run it on (in the emulator).

To start with, just download the latest version of

the platform. Later, if you plan to publish your

application, you will want to download other

platforms as well, so that you can test your

application on the full range of Android platform

versions that your application supports.

+

Recommended

(plus Basic)

Documentation

The Documentation component is useful

because it lets you work offline and also look

up API reference information from inside

Eclipse.

Samples The Samples components give you source

code that you can use to learn about Android,

load as a project and run, or reuse in your

own app. Note that multiple samples

components are available — one for each

Android platform version. When you are

choosing a samples component to download,

select the one whose API Level matches the

API Level of the Android platform that you

plan to use.

Usb Driver The Usb Driver component is needed only if

you are developing on Windows and have an

Android-powered device on which you want

to install your application for debugging and

testing. For Mac OS X and Linux platforms,

no special driver is needed.

+

Full

(plus

Recommended)

Google APIs

The Google APIs add-on gives your

application access to the Maps external

library, which makes it easy to display and

manipulate Maps data in your application.

Additional SDK

Platforms

If you plan to publish your application, you will

want to download additional platforms

corresponding to the Android platform

versions on which you want the application to

run. The recommended approach is to

compile your application against the lowest

version you want to support, but test it against

higher versions that you intend the application

to run on. You can test your applications on

different platforms by running in an Android

Virtual Device (AVD) on the Android

emulator.

Once you've installed at least the basic configuration of SDK components, you're ready to start

developing Android apps. The next section describes the contents of the Android SDK to

familiarize you with the components you've just installed.

For more information about using the Android SDK and AVD Manager, see the Adding SDK

Components document.

Step 5. Exploring the SDK (Optional)

Once you've installed the SDK and downloaded the platforms, documentation, and add-ons

that you need, we suggest that you open the SDK directory and take a look at what's inside.

The table below describes the full SDK directory contents, with components installed.

Name Description

add-ons/

Contains add-ons to the Android SDK development

environment, which let you develop against external

libraries that are available on some devices.

docs/

A full set of documentation in HTML format, including the

Developer's Guide, API Reference, and other information.

To read the documentation, load the file

in a web browser.

platform-tools/

Contains development tools that may be updated with

each platform release (from the Android SDK

Platform-tools component). Tools in here include

adb,

dexdump, and others others that you don't typically use

directly. These tools are separate from the generic

development tools in the

tools/ directory, because

these tools may be updated in order to support new

features in the latest Android platform, whereas the other

tools have no dependencies on the platform version.

platforms/

Contains a set of Android platform versions that you can

develop applications against, each in a separate directory.

/

Platform version directory, for example "android-1.6". All

platform version directories contain a similar set of files

and subdirectory structure.

data/

images/

Storage area for default fonts and resource definitions.

Storage area for default disk images, including the Android

system image, the default userdata image, the default

ramdisk image, and more. The images are used in

emulator sessions.

skins/

A set of emulator skins available for the platform version.

Each skin is designed for a specific screen resolution.

templates/

Storage area for file templates used by the SDK

development tools.

tools/

This directory is used only by SDK Tools r7 and below for

development tools that are specific to this platform

version—it's not used by SDK Tools r8 and above.

The Android library used when compiling applications

against this platform version.

samples/

Sample code and apps that are specific to platform

version.

tools/

Contains the set of development and profiling tools that

are platform-independent, such as the emulator, the AVD

and SDK Manager, ddms, hierarchyviewer and more. The

tools in this directory may be updated at any time (from the

Android SDK Tools component), independent of platform

releases, whereas the tools in

platform-tools/

may be updated based on the latest platform release.

SDK

A file that explains how to perform the initial setup of your

SDK, including how to launch the Android SDK and AVD

Manager tool on all platforms

SDK

Windows SDK only. A shortcut that launches the Android

SDK and AVD Manager tool, which you use to add

components to your SDK.

Optionally, you might want to add the location of the SDK's

tools/ and

platform-tools to your

PATH environment variable, to provide easy access to the

tools.

How to update your PATH

Adding both

tools/ and

platform-tools/ to your PATH lets you run command line

tools without needing to supply the full path to the tool directories. Depending on your

operating system, you can include these directories in your PATH in the following way:

 On Windows, right-click on My Computer, and select Properties. Under the Advanced

tab, hit the Environment Variables button, and in the dialog that comes up, double-click on

Path (under System Variables). Add the full path to the

tools/ and

platform-tools/



directories to the path.

On Linux, edit your

~/.bash_profile or

~/.bashrc file. Look for a line that

sets the PATH environment variable and add the full path to the

tools/ and

platform-tools directories to it. If you don't see a line setting the path, you can add

one:

export PATH=${PATH}:/tools:/platform-tools

 On a Mac OS X, look in your home directory for

.bash_profile and proceed as

for Linux. You can create the

.bash_profile if you don't already have one.

Next Steps

Once you have completed installation, you are ready to begin developing applications. Here

are a few ways you can get started:

Set up the Hello World application

 If you have just installed the SDK for the first time, go to the Hello World tutorial. The

tutorial takes you step-by-step through the process of setting up your first Android project,

including setting up an Android Virtual Device (AVD) on which to run the application.

Following the Hello World tutorial is an essential first step in getting started with Android

development.

Learn about Android









Take a look at the Dev Guide and the types of information it provides

Read an introduction to Android as a platform in What is Android?

Learn about the Android framework and how applications run on it in Application

Fundamentals

Take a look at the Android framework API specification in the Reference tab

Explore the development tools







Get an overview of the development tools that are available to you

Read how to develop in Eclipse/ADT or in other IDEs

Read Developing on a Device to set up an Android-powered device to run and test

your application.

Follow the Notepad tutorial

 The Notepad Tutorial shows you how to build a full Android application and provides

helpful commentary on the Android system and API. The Notepad tutorial helps you bring

together the important design and architectural concepts in a moderately complex application.

Following the Notepad tutorial is an excellent second step in getting started with Android

development.

Explore some code

 The Android SDK includes sample code and applications for each platform version.

You can browse the samples in the Resources tab or download them into your SDK using the

Android SDK and AVD Manager. Once you've downloaded the samples, you'll find them in

/samples//.

Visit the Android developer groups

 Take a look at the Community pages to see a list of Android developers groups. In

particular, you might want to look at the Android Developers group to get a sense for what the

Android developer community is like.

Troubleshooting

Ubuntu Linux Notes



o

o



If you need help installing and configuring Java on your development machine, you

might find these resources helpful:

/community/Java

/community/JavaInstallation

Here are the steps to install Java and Eclipse, prior to installing the Android SDK and

ADT Plugin.

1. If you are running a 64-bit distribution on your development machine, you need to install the

ia32-libs package using

apt-get::

apt-get install ia32-libs

2. Next, install Java:

apt-get install sun-java6-jdk

3. The Ubuntu package manager does not currently offer an Eclipse 3.3 version for download, so

we recommend that you download Eclipse from (/

downloads/). A Java or RCP version of Eclipse is recommended.

4. Follow the steps given in previous sections to install the SDK and the ADT plugin.

Other Linux Notes

 If JDK is already installed on your development computer, please take a moment to

make sure that it meets the version requirements listed in the System Requirements. In

particular, note that some Linux distributions may include JDK 1.4 or Gnu Compiler for Java,

both of which are not supported for Android development.

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