2018年高考英语专题三 阅读理解 第三步 题型突破(十一) 含答案

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2024年2月13日发(作者：)

题型突破(十一) 文章结构之篇章结构题

A

(2017·盐城三模)

One of the most popular English-language novels of the 20th century is almost unknown in the

English-speaking world—a global phenomenon in translation，now neglected in its original

Gadfly，by Irish writer Ethel Voynich，was sold over 5 million copies in 107 editions in

the 22 languages spoken in the Soviet book inspired seven musical adaptations，five

theatre adaptations，and five film adaptations.

Voynich’s novel is a thrilling account of revolutionary enthusiasm，religious devotion，clerical betrayal and romantic love—the philosopher Bertrand Russell called it “one of the most

exciting novels I have read”．It was published in New York in 1897，two years after its

completion，as its English publisher feared a negative reaction—one reviewer criticized the

book’s “shocking and horrible character”．A translation appeared the following year in Russia，where the tsarist(沙皇) authorities’ disapproval only enhanced its popularity.

The Gadfly is set in Italy during the revolutionary unrest of the 1830s and hero is a

young Englishman，Arthur Burton，who moves to a Catholic seminary(神学院) after the death of

his he becomes devoted to his guardian and mentor Montanelli，who，unknown to

him，is also his biological the company of his childhood sweetheart Gemma，Arthur

becomes involved in the Young Italy movement fighting Austrian imperial he

unconsciously betrays his comrades，after his private confession(忏悔) is relayed to the

then discovers his family secret，and loses all faith in the church.

Arthur pretends his suicide and escapes to South America，where he endures years of

returns to Italy in the guise of “The Gadfly”，a fearless and respected revolutionary

whose true identity is his capture，he is visited by Montanelli，now a cardinal(红衣主教)，who offers him a Arthur，unforgiving and uncompromising，demands that his

father reject the elli refuses and condemns his son to ，now a Christ-like

figure，commands his own death the Corpus Christi mass，Montanelli dies of a broken

heart.

① .The novel gained popularity initially in it was in the newly-created

Communist states of the Soviet Union and China that the book found its most dedicated

，a Romantic tragic hero，was repeatedly voted Russia’s most popular literary

figure，and astronauts Yuri Gagarin and Valentina Tereshkova，the first man and woman in space，credited its influence.

② .In the 1930s，The Gadfly inspired another i Ostrovsky’s How the

Steel Was Tempered sold 35 million copies in the Soviet sky’s socialist realist novel

features a fearless young communist who suffers dreadfully for his sacrifices，but finds permanent

strength in the example of The Gadfly，which he reads to his fellow h’s novel

was reinforced further by a 1955 film adaptation directed by Aleksandr sold 39

million tickets.

③ .Ethel Voynich had been living unknown to the due to Soviet copyright

laws，she was unaware of her legendary status in 1956，Democratic presidential candidate

Adlai Stevenson visited Moscow to arrange for payment of her long-overdue royalties(版权费)．When Ethel died in 1960，she was mourned in Russia as a national hero.

④ .Arthur offers a “careful balance of emotion with steely determination”—he is a

lover and a fighter，which can be seen in the “Knight-errant”(侠客) of traditional Chinese

folklore.

In the UK，The Gadfly remains out of print and almost unknown，yet around the world readers

and writers still revere its author，just as DH Lawrence，Rebecca West and Friedrich Engels once

its rich religious imagery and stirring revolutionary themes，The Gadfly has a lasting

appeal for lovers of historical fiction，and deserves to be rediscovered in its original language.

语篇解读 本文主要介绍了文学巨著《牛虻》的故事情节及其巨大的影响力。

1．What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?

A．The background of the novel.

B．Its popularity in the Soviet Union.

C．An abnormal phenomenon in translation.

D．The artistic achievement of the novel.

答案 B

解析 段落大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，本段主要介绍的是这部小说在苏联广受欢迎。故选B项。

2．Why does Arthur escape to South America?

A．He fails to fight Austrian imperial rule.

B．He can’t tolerate his family.

C．He doesn’t succeed in committing suicide.

D．He is to be punished by the police.

答案 D

解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But he unconsciously betrays his comrades，after his

private confession(忏悔) is relayed to the police.”可知，亚瑟在不经意间背叛了他的同伴，之后他的私人忏悔被传到了警方耳中。由此可知，他之所以逃往南美洲是因为他将要被警方惩罚。故选D项。

3．The underlined word “revere” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “ ”．

A．salute

C．imitate

答案 A

解析 词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段可知，这部小说虽然在英国几乎无人知晓，但世界范围内的其他读者和作家却十分敬重小说的作者。本题做题的关键是要抓住表示转折的词yet。故选A项。

4．What can we know about the novel The Gadfly from the passage?

A．It has been translated into 22 languages around the world.

B．It is unfamiliar to the British due to its horrible characters.

C．It receives a negative reaction in the English-speaking world.

D．It was completed in 1899 and is one of the most popular novels.

答案 C

解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，作为20世纪最受欢迎的英文小说之一，《牛虻》在讲英语的国家落得几乎无人问津的田地；再由第二段中的“It was published in New York in

as its English publisher feared a negative reaction”可知，这部小说完成两年后才在纽约出版，因为出版商害怕出现负面的反应。由此可知，在说英语的世界里，这部小说得到的是B．please

D．condemn

负面的反应。故选C项。

5．What makes the novel The Gadfly have the most dedicated readers in the Soviet Union?

A．Nikolai Ostrovsky’s novel.

B．The fearless and respected hero.

C．Musical and theatre adaptations.

D．Soviet copyright laws.

答案 B

解析 推理判断题。根据第四段的“He returns to Italy in the guise of ‘The Gadfly’，a fearless

and respected revolutionary whose true identity is masked.”和第五段的“Arthur，a Romantic

tragic hero，was repeatedly voted Russia’s most popular literary figure”可知，这部小说在苏联受欢迎的原因是其主人公是一个勇敢无畏且受人尊敬的人。故选B项。

6．Where should the sentence “The Gadfly found its largest audience in China” be put in

the passage?

A．① B．② C．③ D．④

答案 D

解析 篇章结构题。根据倒数第二段中的“...which can be seen in the ‘Knight-errant’(侠客)

of traditional Chinese folklore.”可知，此句应该填在第四空。故选D项。

B

(2017·扬州中学期中)

Role-Playing in Child Development

Playing is a key component in the learning process for virtually all of the are

various ways in which children play，but one of the most important is involves a

child engaging in an activity during which he or she pretends to be another person.

Experts on child development believe that role-playing can increase the connections in

children’s brains that help them ge skills are some of the most important aspects of

children role-play，they must work out steps that need to be taken to complete a

task，and create plans to act out a activities enable children to develop their oral

language become able to organize others and to give directions.

Children’s social skills can also be engaged in group activities，children

have different are leaders while others are times，the children will

disagree，so they must learn to negotiate and compromise with one another，and they must learn to

apologize when they have strong arguments or disagreements as en further learn about

cooperation and sharing and，hopefully，begin to understand things from another person’s point of

view.

Besides helping children learn some kinds of skills，role-playing fosters children’s

imaginations and can therefore assume a number of example，boys may pretend to shave

like their fathers or perform various tasks around their ，meanwhile，often pretend to be

mothers to do some daily tasks，particularly if it involves caring for young mes

children may imagine belonging to a group of superheroes or imitate(模仿) real-life

might dress up and assume different r example is the performing of stories they read in

books，which is also very common when they role-play.

Another beneficial aspect of role-playing is that it can help children deal with certain actions

that may cause them emotional(情感的) pain，such as the fear they face when going to school for

the first time or making a visit to the children role-play situations like these beforehand，the fear that they experience when doing these actions in reality frequently this reason，experts encourage parents to allow their children to role-play and even to take part in these

activities to help their children master their fears.

Role-playing can benefit children in many is no activity for which young children

are better prepared than fantasy g is more dependable and risk-free，and the dangers are

only pretend.

语篇解读 本文介绍了角色扮演在孩子成长过程中的作用。角色扮演可以帮助孩子的语言发育，发展孩子的社交技能，帮助他们战胜恐惧心理等。

7．From the author’s description in Paragraph 4，we learn that children often .

A．involve daily-life activities in groups

B．perform daily tasks instead of their parents

C．act out the activities that their parents do

D．change real-life situations when role-playing

答案 C

解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For example，boys may pretend to shave like their fathers

or perform various tasks around their ，meanwhile，often pretend to be mothers to do

some daily tasks，particularly if it involves caring for young babies.”可知，孩子们经常表演父母们平常做的事情。故选C。

8．The author believes that role-playing may help children .

A．develop a better awareness of grammar

B．understand how to be both leaders and followers

C．improve creativity by using their imaginations

D．receive benefits from their emotional pain

答案 B

解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When engaged in group activities，children have different

are leaders while others are followers.”可知，作者相信角色扮演可以使孩子明白怎样做领导者和追随者。故选B。

9．The underlined word “master” in Paragraph 5 probably means “ ”．

A．ignore

C．predict

答案 D

解析 词义猜测题。根据本段的第一句话“Another beneficial aspect of role-playing is that it

can help children deal with certain actions that may cause them emotional(情感的) pain，such as

the fear ”可知，角色扮演的另一个作用就是帮助孩子们应对一些不良情绪，比如，他们遇到的恐惧……，此处鼓励孩子们参加角色扮演活动肯定是帮助孩子们克服恐惧。这里的master和deal with意义相近，故选overcome克服。故选D。

10．Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?

B．confirm

D．overcome

I：Introduction P：Point Sp：Sub-point(次要点) C：Conclusion

答案 A

解析 篇章结构题。纵观全文可知，第一段说的是角色扮演的重要性；第二段、第三段说的是帮助孩子提高技能，又包括两个次要点：语言技能和社交技能；第四段说的是帮助发展想象力；第五段说是帮助战胜不良情绪；最后一段是总结。故选A。

C

(2017·扬州、六合、句容等七校联考)

My mother believed you could be anything you wanted to be in a was where

all my mother’s hopes had come here in 1949 after losing everything in she

never looked back with were so many ways for things to get better.

“Of course you can be a prodigy，too，” my mother told me when I was nine.“You can be

best at anything.” We didn’t immediately pick the right kind of first my mother

thought I could be a Chinese Shirley ’d watch Shirley’s old movies on TV as though

they were training mother would poke my arm and say，“Ni kan”—You I

would see Shirley tapping her feet，or singing a sailor song，or pursing her lips into a very round O

while saying，“Oh my goodness.”

Soon after my mother got this idea about Shirley Temple，she took me to a beauty training

school and put me in the hands of a student who could barely hold the scissors without

d of getting big fat curls，I emerged with an uneven mass of crinkly black

mother dragged me off to the bathroom and tried to wet down my hair.

“You look like Negro Chinese，” she lamented，as if I had done this on purpose.

In fact，in the beginning，I was just as excited as my mother，maybe even more so.I pictured

this prodigy part of me as many different images，trying each one on for size.I was a dainty

ballerina girl standing by the curtains，waiting to hear the right music that would send me floating

on my tiptoes.I was Cinderella stepping from her pumpkin carriage with sparkly cartoon music

filling the air.

In all of my imaginings，I was filled with a sense that I would soon become mother

and father would adore me.I would be beyond reproach.I would never feel the need to sulk for

anything.

But sometimes the prodigy in me became impatient.“If you don’t hurry up and get me out

of here，I’m disappearing for good，” it warned.“And then you’ll always be nothing.”

Every night after dinner，my mother and I would sit at the Formica kitchen would

present new tests，taking her examples from stories of amazing children she had read and a dozen

other magazines she kept in a pile in our mother got these magazines from people

whose houses she would look through them all，searching for stories about remarkable

children.

The first night she brought out a story about a three-year-old boy who knew the capitals of all

the states and even most of the European countries.A teacher was quoted as saying the little boy

could also pronounce the names of the foreign cities correctly.

“What’s the capital of Finland？” my mother asked me，looking at the magazine story.

All I knew was the capital of California，because Sacramento was the name of the street we

lived on in Chinatown.“Nairobi！” I guessed，saying the most foreign word I could think

checked to see if that was possibly one way to pronounce “Helsinki” before showing me the

answer.

The tests got harder—multiplying numbers in my head，finding the queen of hearts in a deck

of cards，trying to stand on my head without using my hands，predicting the daily temperatures in

Los Angeles，New York，and London.

And after seeing my mother’s disappointed face once again，something inside of me began to

die.I hated the tests，the raised hopes and failed going to bed that night，I

looked in the mirror and when I saw only my face staring back—and that it would always be this

ordinary face—I began to a sad，ugly girl！I made high pitched noises like a crazed

animal，trying to scratch out the face in the mirror.

And then I saw what seemed to be the prodigy side of me—because I had never seen that face

before.I looked at my reflection，blinking so I could see more girl staring back at me

was angry， girl and I were the same.I had new thoughts，willful thoughts，or rather

thoughts filled with lots of won’ts.I won’t let her change me，I promised myself.I won’t be

what I’m not.

语篇解读 作者的母亲一心想把作者培养成中国的秀兰·邓波儿。但是一次次的测试使得作者信心全无。作者开始思考，并有了新的想法，作者要做自己，而不是再让妈妈改变自己。

11．The underlined word “prodigy” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .

A．talent

C．leader

答案 A

解析 词义猜测题。根据下文的“You can be best at anything.”可知，妈妈认为女儿也能成为一个有才能的人，也能在任何事情上做到最好。故选A。

12．Why did the mother and the girl watch Shirley’s old movies on TV?

A．Because the mother was a fan of Shirley Temple.

B．Because Shirley Temple’s hairstyle was very popular among children.

C．Because the girl resembled Shirley Temple in appearance.

D．Because the mother wanted her daughter to be a Chinese Shirley Temple.

答案 D

解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At first my mother thought I could be a Chinese Shirley

’d watch Shirley’s old movies on TV as though they were training mother

would poke my arm and say，‘Ni kan’—You watch.”可知，作者和妈妈一起看秀兰·邓波儿的老电影，是因为妈妈想让作者成为中国的秀兰·邓波儿。故选D。

13．How did the girl feel about the tests she did every night?

A．She felt confident and finished it smoothly.

B．She got through the tests painfully.

C．She failed the tests and began to lose confidence.

D．She eventually sadly found herself ordinary and ugly.

答案 C

解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的描述“And after seeing my mother’s disappointed face

once again，something inside of me began to die.I hated the tests，the raised hopes and failed

expectations.”可知，作者测试失败，开始对自己失去信心了。故选C。

B．professor

D．superstar

14．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 11 mean?

A．The mother was not sure about the answer and wanted to confirm it.

B．The mother expected her daughter to know the right answer.

C．The answers were more than one and the mother checked them.

D．The mother was disappointed and gave up her daughter.

答案 B

解析 句意猜测题。根据下文的“before showing me the answer”并结合常识可知，妈妈在出示答案之前肯定是期待女儿能知道正确答案。故选B。

15．What might happen after the last paragraph?

A．The girl might try her best to become famous and successful.

B．The girl might do what she really likes.

C．The girl might do whatever her mother asks and becomes a different image.

D．The mother might change her attitude and listen to her daughter’s words.

答案 B

解析 篇章结构题。根据最后一段的“I had new thoughts，willful thoughts，or rather thoughts

filled with lots of won’ts.I won’t let her change me，I promised myself.I won’t be what I’m

not.”可知，经过了这些事情后，作者可能想做回自己了。故选B。

16．Which of the following can be the best title of the text?

A．Being Myself or Not

B．Educational Failure

C．Difficult American Childhood

D．Mother’s Experience

答案 A

解析 标题归纳题。根据全文的描述可知，作者的妈妈望女成凤，想把作者培养成自己希望的样子，可是事与愿违，作者的表现让妈妈很失望，也让作者自己失去了信心，所以作者决定做回自己。故选A。

D

(2017·姜堰、如东、沭阳、前黄四校联考)

Written in the first chapter of the book Pride and Prejudice is an extraordinary sentence of

which even a person who has had only a brief look upon the book will not fail to receive a deep

impression—It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good

fortune must be in want of a terms of Sherlock Holmes，we’d better alter the sentence into

“It is a fact universally accepted by readers throughout the world that an excellent book in

possession of our famous detective Sherlock Holmes is undoubtedly a masterpiece of all

times”．Perhaps this is one of the most obvious explanations for the incomparable popularity of

“Holmes series” in the field of detective elmed by the recommendations provided

by my friends，I decided to take a look on this Sherlock Holmes and the Duke’s Son originally

published by Oxford University Press.

As a whole，this book is about a case concerning the Duke’s missing ，the

Duke’s son，was found out in a certain morning to have disappeared，accompanied with which

was also the disappearance of the German school master Dr Huxtable then turned to the

famous detective of the time Sherlock Holmes for ing how tough and important the case

is，Holmes immediately made up his mind to accept the case and followed Dr Huxtable back to

Mackleton by formed a rough idea about the whole matter，Holmes looked into the

case immediately and had a careful investigation of the entire area shortly after the arrival，during

the process of which he discovered the body of the German teacher y，primarily

due to his outstanding ability as a detective，he managed to reveal the mystery.

Having once started reading this fiction，I was completely absorbed in the mysterious

the beginning，unlike other detective stories，this story first describes the client’s strange behavior

at length to indicate the severity of the incident in order to attract the readers to continue reading

is known to all，vivid description is essential to detective stories as it makes the story more

authentic and ore，trying to present a “real world” to his readership，Sir Arthur

Conan Doyle，author of the original “Holmes series”，has skillfully arranged the plots of the

whole story from the perspective of Dr Watson，a friend of Holmes’．In this way，he

elaborately(精心地) described every scene and character in the from the special start，the ending of the whole story，being dramatic but reasonable，is certainly an outstanding

all，except the author himself，who knows that the Duke’s seemingly ordinary secretary is in fact

the Duke’s bastard(私生子)？In addition，who knows that the Duke actually has already been

acquainted with the whole thing before Holmes solves this complicated problem？Yet，surprising

as it is，this ending seems so natural that it fits all the plots of the story perfectly g my

eyes，I can even “see” the story happening just like watching a film.

As far as I am concerned，nothing is more admirable and surprising in the hero Sherlock

Holmes than his profound knowledge which has certainly assisted him a lot when he was studying

the the bicycle tyres for instance，Holmes is capable of recognizing 42 different varieties

of bicycle for his illimitable knowledge，Holmes also specializes in arranging the facts

in order and then finding the fact leading him to a great discovery or even the truth this

case，after getting rid of unrelated facts，Sherlock Holmes eventually grasped the clue and

discovered the amazing fact.

Needless to say，as a world-renowned masterpiece，Sherlock Holmes and the Duke’s Son has

attracted and is still charming numerous readers from all corners of the world and people from all

walks of “Holmes series” has already set up a standard against which all the following

detective fictions are ck Holmes，beyond all doubt，has been a name firmly rooted

in people’s gh Dr Watson’s closing The Case Book of Sherlock Holmes in

1927 was a great pity to the readers，the discontinuance of the entire “Holmes series” may have

actually added to the legendary stature of Sherlock Holmes.

语篇解读 本文是一篇书评。文章介绍了《福尔摩斯和公爵的儿子》一书的主要梗概，并从写作手法、角色特征等方面阐述了作者对此书的观点。

17．Why does the author mention the book Pride and Prejudice?

A．To show his/her impression on it.

B．To change a sentence in it to evaluate the “Holmes series”．

C．To quote a sentence to directly illustrate its impressiveness.

D．To state the reason why he/she began reading Sherlock Holmes and the Duke’s son.

答案 B

解析 推理判断题。作者在第一段提到《傲慢与偏见》一书开头的名句：It is a truth universally

acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.目的是将这句话改写成It is a fact universally accepted by readers throughout the world that an excellent

book in possession of our famous detective Sherlock Holmes is undoubtedly a masterpiece of all

times.从而表达作者对福尔摩斯探案系列小说的高度评价。故选B项。

18．Many factors contribute to the author’s positive attitude toward the book EXCEPT

that .

A．the detailed description of a client’s strange behavior arouses the readers’ interest

B．the plots are well laid out and all scenes and characters are artfully presented

C．the book is even adapted into a film and the author really enjoys watching it

D．its ending is so surprising that it makes the author deeply impressed

答案 C

解析 细节理解题。文章第三段列举了此书吸引作者的原因。根据其中第二句“...this story

first describes the client’s strange behavior at length to indicate the severity of the incident in

order to attract the readers to continue reading it.”可知，对委托人奇怪行为的描写引起了读者的兴趣，A项不符合题意；根据第四、五句“...Sir Arthur Conan Doyle，author of the original

‘Holmes series’．..in the book.”可知，情节的精心安排、场景和人物的深入刻画也是此书值得称赞的地方，B项可排除；根据第六句“Apart from the special start，the ending of the whole

story，being dramatic but reasonable，is certainly an outstanding one.”可知D项也不符合题意。文中并没有提到C项，故选C项。

19．What kind of a person is Sherlock Holmes according to the passage?

A．Knowledgeable.

C．Mysterious.

答案 A

解析 推理判断题。倒数第二段分析了主要人物福尔摩斯。根据此段第一句“...nothing is

more admirable and surprising in the hero Sherlock Holmes than his ”可知，正是福尔摩斯渊博的知识帮助他破案。由此可推断，福尔摩斯是一个知识渊博的人。knowledgeable知识渊博的；arbitrary武断的；mysterious神秘的，不可思议的；courageous勇敢的。故选A项。

20．How is the passage organized?

B．Arbitrary.

D．Courageous.

(P＝Paragraph)

答案 D

解析 篇章结构题。本篇文章共有五段。第一段引出文章话题和背景介绍；第二段简要概括《福尔摩斯和公爵的儿子》一书的内容；第三段点评此书引人入胜的原因；第四段评论主要人物福尔摩斯。第五段为全文总结，再次肯定了这本书以及福尔摩斯探案系列小说。第二、三、四段是文章的主体，从不同角度平行展开评论，因此，文章的结构为“总——分——总”。故选D项。

21．What’s the passage mainly about?

A．It mainly introduces the plots of the book Sherlock Holmes and the Duke’s son.

B．It’s mainly about the author’s attitude towards Sherlock Holmes.

C．It’s mainly about the thoughts of the author after reading Sherlock Holmes and the Duke’s

son.

D．It’s mainly a comparison between the book Pride and Prejudice and the “Holmes series”．

答案 C

解析 主旨大意题。本篇文章是作者阅读《福尔摩斯和公爵的儿子》后所写的书评，从写作手法、角色特征等方面阐述了作者对此书的观点。故选C项。

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