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汉英句子翻译练习
汉英句子翻译练习
Title: 汉英翻译技巧：合并(Combination)
C-E
(A) in terms of simple sentences
(1) 天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。It was so cold that the river froze.
(丁树德，"英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导"，天津大学出版社，1996)
(2) 理论必须密切联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。That
theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we
should always keep in mind. （丁树德，"英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导"，天津大学出版社，1996）
(3) 他在战斗中表现突出，受到连长的表扬。He was
commended by the company commander for his distinguished
performance in the battle. (丁树德，"英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导"，天津大学出版社，1996)
(4) 年满十八岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权。All citizens who
have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to
stand for election. （丁树德，"英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导"，天津大学出版社，1996）
(5) 当时，友谊商店只对外宾开放，不对中宾开放。At the time
the friendship store was exclusively open to foreign visitors.（王大伟，"现代汉英翻译技巧"，世界图书出版公司，1999）（本科四年级以上）
(B) in terms of compound sentences
(6) 她对自己所取得的成就充满了自豪，这也不是没有道理的。She is justifiably proud of her achievements. ("现代汉英翻译技巧"王大伟世界图书出版公司1999)
(7) 这家小工厂经过技术改造，发展很快，使人感到惊讶不已。This small factory underwent a technological renovation, thus
developing with surprising speed. （王大伟，"现代汉英翻译技巧"，世界图书出版公司，1999）（本科四年级以上）
(8) 只要看一眼这封信，你就会明白你上当了。A glance at this
letter will convince you that you have been taken in. (朱巧莲，"汉译英之合译法"，"上海科技翻译"，2001, No. 1)
(9) 看门人惊呆了，喘着粗气，摇摇晃晃地走下楼梯。The janitor
staggered down the stairway, stunned and gasping. (朱巧莲，"汉译英之合译法"，"上海科技翻译"，2001, No. 1)
(10) 还是热，心里可镇定多了。凉风，即使是一点点，给了人们许多希望。（老舍"骆驼祥子"）It was still hot but everyone felt
much better, for the breeze, though slight, brought them hope.（冯庆华编著，"英汉互译实用翻译教程"，上海外语教育出版社，2000）（本科四年级以上）
Title: 汉英翻译技巧：补偿(Compensation)
C-E.
1. 九州Jiuzhou -- a poetic name for China
-北京外国语大学英语系《汉英词典》组编，《汉英词典》，外语教学与研究出版社。
2. 八股文Eighth-part essay prescribed for the imperial civil
service examinations-- known for its rigidity of form and poverty
of ideas
-吴景荣，程镇球主编，《新时代汉英大词典》，商务印书馆。
3. 狗咬吕洞宾,不识好人心Like the dog that bit Lu Tungpin--you bite the hand that feeds you.
-吴景荣，程镇球主编，《新时代汉英大词典》，商务印书馆。
4. 猫哭老鼠--假慈悲The cat weeping over the dead mouse--shed crocodile tears.
-吴景荣，程镇球主编，《新时代汉英大词典》，商务印书馆。
5. 苏轼: Su Shi (formerly translated as Su Shih, 1037-1101),alias Su Dongpo, writer and calligrapher of the Song
Dynasty.
-吴景荣，程镇球主编，《新时代汉英大词典》，商务印书馆。
6. 秀才Xiucai, one who passed the imperial examination at
the county level in the Ming and Qing Dynasties
-吴景荣，程镇球主编，《新时代汉英大词典》，商务印书馆。
7. 牛郎织女the Cowherd and the Girl Weaver-two figures in
ancient Chinese fairy tale (Later it also refers to husband and wife
who live far apart.)
-吴景荣，程镇球主编，《新时代汉英大词典》，商务印书馆。
8. 蓝田人Lantian Man, ape-man of about 600,000 years ago
whose fossil remains were found in Lantian, Shanxi Province in
1964
-吴景荣，程镇球主编，《新时代汉英大词典》，商务印书馆。
9. 开绿灯turn on the green light (provide conveniences for
certain affairs, so that they could proceed smoothly)
-张震久，袁宪军编，《汉英中国专有名称和术语简明词典》，北京大学出版社。
10. 梅雨季节plum rain season (about 1-month rainy season
usu. beginning in early summer when plum fruit becomes ripe in
the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River) or moldy
season, a rainy season when everything goes moldy easily in the
said area. (陈刚)
Title: 汉英翻译技巧：分译(division)
(1) 不久，她提着篮子回来了。Very soon she came back,
holding a basket in her hand. （刘慎军、李洪民、杨斌、刘宝编著，"按实例学英语翻译"，北京工业大学出版社，2001）
(2) 他拉过一把椅子放在客人背后。He drew up a chair and
placed it behind the visitor. （刘慎军、李洪民、杨斌、刘宝编著，"按实例学英语翻译"，北京工业大学出版社，2001）
(3) 周萍一个人从饭厅走上来，望望花园，冷清清的，没有一人。
Zhou Ping appears from the dining room. He is alone. He peers
out at the garden. It is silent and deserted.（宋天锡、袁江、袁冬娥编著，李鹏飞审校，"翻译新概念英汉互译实用教程"，国际工业出版社）
(4) 他哼着曲子从山上走下来。He walked down the hill, singing
softly to himself.（刘慎军、李洪民、杨斌、刘宝编著，"按实例学英语翻?quot;，北京工业大学出版社，2001）
(5) 人民的觉悟是不容易的，要去掉人民头脑中的错误思想，需要我们做很多切切实实的工作。The political awakening of the people
is not easy. It requires much earnest effort on our part to rid their
minds of wrong ideas. （"英汉翻译手册"）(6) 我们的目的一定要达到，我们的目的一定能够达到。Our goal must be attained. Our
goal will be attained.（单其昌著，杨宪益校，"汉英翻译技巧"，外语教学与研究出版社，1999）
(7) 我们的革命已经获得全世界广大人民的同情和欢呼，我们的朋友遍于全世界。Our revolution has won the sympathy and acclaim
of the people of all countries. We have friends all over the world.
（单其昌著，杨宪益校，"汉英翻译技巧"，外语教学与研究出版社，1999）
(8) 我们恢复和采取这些贸易方式的原因很简单：我们出口商品就是为了满足国外客户消费方面的需要。The reason why we have
restored and adopted these trade practices is very simple. Our
export commodities are for the use and consumption of our
foreign customers. （单其昌著，杨宪益校，"汉英翻译技巧"，外语教学与研究出版社，1999）
(9) 这次大会充分发扬了民主，大家心情舒畅，生动活泼；真正开成了一个团结的大会，胜利的大会。The conference has given full
expression to democracy; the
atmosphere has been lively and the delegates have enjoyed
ease of mind. Ours has indeed been a congress of unity, a
congress of victory.（钟述孔著《英汉翻译手册》商务印书馆1980?br>
(10) 这些国家的共产党和进步党派，正促使它们的政府和我们做生意，以致建立外交关系，这是善意的，这就是援助。The
Communist Parties and progressive groups in these countries are
urging their governments to established trade and even
diplomatic relations with us. This is goodwill, this is help.（钟述孔著《英汉翻译手册》商务印书馆1980）
Title: 汉英翻译技巧：形合(Hypotaxis)
1. 让壁立的岩石，静静流着的小河，风过处便窃窃私语的树林，都作为自己的亲密邻居。
All the company she had were the steep cliffs, the gently
flowing stream, and the trees that whispered in the wind. (杨莉藜<英汉互译教程>河南大学出版社)
2. 汉朝人在宫殿和墓前的石室里，多喜欢绘画或雕刻古来的帝王、孔子的弟子、列士、列女、孝子之类的图。
People of the Han Dynasty liked to have paintings or caved
relief of rulers of old, disciples of Confucius, eminent scholars and
ladies and filial sons in the palaces or the stone chambers before
their tombs. (杨莉藜<英汉互译教程>河南大学出版社)
3. 不必说碧绿的菜畦，光滑的石井栏，高大的皂荚树，紫红的桑椹……
I need not speak of the green vegetable plots, the slippery
stone coping round the well, the tall honey locust tree, or the
purple mulberries. (杨莉藜<英汉互译教程>河南大学出版社)
4. 尽着他的腿的力量走了一天，问了一天，没有消息。
As long as his legs would move he walked on, asking, but by
the end of the day he still had no news. (杨莉藜<英汉互译教程>河南大学出版社)
5. 七股大水，从水库的桥孔跃出，仿佛七幅闪光黄锦，直铺下去，
碰着嶙峋的乱石，激起一片雪白水珠，脱线一般，撒在洄漩的水面。
Seven torrents were rushing through the archways of the
bridge like seven glittering rolls of cloth of gold cascading on to
the jagged rocks below and scattering snow-white bubbles like a
string of broken beads on the swirling water. (<中国现代散文卷>外语教学与研究出版社，中国文学出版社)
6. 月光如流水一般，静静地泻在这一片叶子和花上。薄薄的青雾浮起在荷塘里，叶子和花仿佛在牛乳中洗过一样；又像笼着轻纱的梦
Moonlight cascaded like water over the locus leaves and
flowers, and a light blue mist
floating up from the pool made them seem washed in milk
or caught in a gauzy dream. 。(<中国现代散文卷>外语教学与研究出版社，中国文学出版社)
7. 另一方面，必须用上述材料进行广泛宣传，使人们认识到，自然保护区是保护自然及文化遗产的基本单位，它们是在人类进步里程中长期斗争中形成的，对经济建设有着重要的作用。
On the other hand, it is necessary to carry on the extensive
publicity, enabling the public to know that the protected areas
are the basic unit of the management of the natural and cultural
heritages which are formed in the struggle process against the
nature by human beings and will play an important role in the
economic construction. (冯志杰<汉英科技翻译指要>中国对外翻译出版公司)
8. 为保护海洋环境，促进海洋经济发展，必须提高对海洋环境监测的认识，增加投入，加强"热点"海域的监测，减少海洋的损失，加强海洋生物监测，避免潜伏的海洋灾害发生。
In order to promote the development of sustainable marine
economy and conserve marine environment, we should pay great
attention to reinforcing awareness of marine environmental
monitoring, increasing investment and strengthening the
monitoring in "hot spots" as well as biological monitoring to
avoid marine calamity. (冯志杰<汉英科技翻译指要>中国对外翻译出版公司)
9. 饭菜虽然简单，但别有一番风味，屋外一团漆黑，穿过松林的风发出如火车的轰鸣声，我们在摇曳不定的煤油灯下豪情与老人干杯。
When we enjoyed the simple but tasty food and drank
cheerful toasts with the old man under the flickering oil-lamp,
darkness reigned the outside world where the wind was
thundering through the pinewood like a train. (<中国现代散文卷>外语教学与研究出版社，中国文学出版社)
10. 仍像往常一样，把晴美的阳光抹上满峡的树林，叫带露的树叶都亮得耀人的眼睛。
Just as on any other day, the morning sun spread its fine light
over the wooded valley, till the dewy leaves and grass glistened
with a dazzling brightness. (<中国现代散文卷>外语教学与研究出版社，中国文学出版社)
Title: 汉英翻译技巧：音译(transliteration)
1. 胡同：hutong (" Beijing Weekend ", No.520)
2. 饺子：jiaozi （《音义兼译--外来语中译之首选》，《中国翻译》，2001/6）
3. 武术：wushu （同上）
4. 普通话：putonghua （同上）
5. 旗袍：qipao （同上）
6. 上海：Shanghai
（以上6例皆可作为"标准汉音"的例子。）
7. 豆腐：tofu （《音义兼译--外来语中译之首选》，《中国翻译》，2001/6 或p.25,《词语翻译丛谈》，中国对外翻译出版公司）/dou-fu (p.25,《词语翻译丛谈》，中国对外翻译出版公司)
8. 功夫：gongfu （《音义兼译--外来语中译之首选》，《中国翻译》，2001/6）
9. 乒乓：ping-pong （同上）
10.炒面：chow mien （同上）
(以上例8-10也可作为回译EC部分的例子)
Title: 汉英翻译技巧：习语(Translation of Idioms)
直译
(1) 男男女女都七嘴八舌地说出他们的惦记和盼念。With seven
mouths and eight tongues, all were talking together. They tried
to tell how they had missed him. （张培基习语汉译英研究）
(2) 亡羊补牢to mend the fold after a sheep is lost （同上）
直译加注
司马昭之心，已是路人皆知。This Sima Zhao trick is obvious to
every man in the street.
(3) (Sima zhao was a prime minister of Wei(220-265)who
nursed a secret ambition to usurp the throne. The emperor once
remarked: "Sima Zhao's intention is obvious to every man in the
street." （吕瑞昌等汉英翻译教程）
(4) 你说这话，意思是要领导上三请诸葛？
What you say implies that the leadership should ask you
three times, like Zhuge Liang, doesn't it?
(Zhuge Liang, a statesman and strategist in the State of Shu
during the period of wisdom and resourcefulness in Chinese
folklore. )
（张培基习语汉译英研究）
同义习语套用
(5) 晴天霹雳 a bolt from the blue (同上)
(6) 只有破釜沉舟地跟他们拼，还许有翻身的一天。
All you can do is to burn your boats and fight them in the
hope that one day you'll come out on top. （同上）
意译
(7) 我要有个三长两短，你给玉山捎个话！
If anything should happen to me , let Yushan know! (吕瑞昌等汉英翻译教程) (8) 大智若愚A truly wise person does not show
off his (her) ability. （张培基习语汉译英研究）
直译加意译
(9) 瞎子点灯白费蜡as useless as a blind man lighting a candle
(张培基习语汉译英研究)
(10) 梅她一个单身人，无亲无故。
Mei was all by herself and far from home, without a single
relative or friend to help her.
（吕瑞昌等汉英翻译教程）
临时变体
(11) 换汤不换药（张培基习语汉译英研究）
old wine in new bottles ( 原有习语为new wine in old bottles)
(12) 守株待兔（同上）
to wait for gains without pains ( 原有习语为No pains, no
gains )
省略
(13) 这女子真有沉鱼落雁之容，闭月羞花之貌。（张培基习语汉译英研究）The girl's beauty would put the flowers to shame.
(14) 冷淡的阳关照着他们的愁眉苦脸和长发白眼。（吕瑞昌等汉译英教程）The cold, pale sunlight fell on their gloomy faces, long
hair and lusterless eyes.
增添
(15) 螳螂捕蝉，黄雀在后(张培基习语汉译英研究)
The mantis stalks the cicada, unaware of the oriole lurking
behind itself.
(16) 树倒猢狲散（同上）
Once the tree falls, the monkeys on it will flee helter-skelter.
混喻的回避
(17) 让我们乘风破浪，奋勇前进。（同上）
Let us march forward valiantly, braving all difficulties and
hardships!
(如果直译成Let us march forward valiantly, braving winds and
waves 之类的句子，其中就出现了march和waves 的混喻问题。解决的办法是1，"乘风破浪"和"奋勇前进"在意义上本是相互重复，加以"乘风破浪"这个习语由于使用过多实际上以不存在什么形象性，英译时可略成Let us march forward valiantly! 2, 意译法处理习语"乘风破浪"，成Let us march forward valiantly, braving all difficulties and
hardships!)
粗俗语的回避
借用同义习语或意译等方法回避。
(18) 她不满意人家说她是三枪打不出一个闷屁的落后的人。（同上）
It annoyed her that people should say that she was backward
and that no amount of coaxing would open her mouth to speak.
相对应的英语粗俗语来代替原文中的汉语粗俗语。
(19) 混蛋！再打一个电话去！叫他马上来见我！（同上）
"You blasted idiots! Go and ring him up again and tell him to
come round at once!" 翻译句子练习
1、拆了东墙补西墙/借钱还债
C-A Oliver always robs Peter to pay Paul.
2、打开天窗说亮话/摊牌
A-C to put all cards on the table
3、巧妇难为无米之炊/没有金钢钻不敢揽瓷器活。
A-C One can not make bricks without straw/clay.
4、颠倒黑白/混淆视听/混淆是非
A-C to stand facts on their head
5、他善于见机行事。
A-C He always makes hay while the sun shines.
6、这是一条颠扑不破的真理。
A-C This is a theory that can hold water.
7、你说话真会绕弯子。
A-C You certainly note how to make us guessing.
耍滑头-/斗转星移-
8、他是想试探我们。/他想摸我们的底。
A-C to feel sb. Out He wants to feel us out.
9、我不会拖你的后腿。
C-A I won’t be in your way.
10、他把事情一伍一拾地给父母讲了。A-C
True to type he told his parents the whole story.
11、我们必须提高警惕。A-C keep one’s powder dry
We must keep our powder dry.
12、我们的同志终于逃出了虎口。C-A
Our comrades have escaped from/flee away dangerous
situation.
13、应聘者把办公室挤得满满地。A-C 蜂涌而至Applicants
flooded the office.
14、前怕狼后怕虎的(态度)不能造就干部。A-C/technique of
Omissin
Fearing dragons ahead and tigers behind will not
produce/make cadres.
15、他在这些人当中感到非常不自在。A-C
He is just like a fish out of water among these people.
E-C(C-A or A-C)
1、Dick can be relied, he eats no fish and plays the game.
2、Richard was (a) soldier of fortune.兵痞
3、I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave my
wife my old age.
4、But no one forces you to go to (the) sea. It gets in your
blood.
5、Every life has its roses and thorns.
6、He was too much of a chicken to fight.
7、She is a lady of blue blood./noble descent
8、They have, by this very act, opened Pandora’s Box.
他们的这种做法种下了弊害的祸根。
9、At 16, he had learned what it was to be an orphan.
他在16岁时已经尝到了做孤儿的滋味。
10、I had not a hand in the matter.
11、He always seeks help at last moment.
12、It is a hard nut to crack.
13、I was extremely terrified by the news.
14、Listening to the classical music is not my cup of tea.
15、Don’t turn your back on yo ur friends who are down
and out.
16、He poured out his tale of misfortune.
17、The matter finally was settled under the table.
18、Watt is as good as his words.
19、My hand is out./我的技能荒疏了。
20、My hands are tied./
Techniques of Amplification and Omission
1、我们必须培养分析问题、解决问题的能力。
2、谁也不能指望他会采取克制的态度。
3、冬天迟迟不去。
4、作用力和反作用力始终大小相等，方向相反。
5、空气是几种气体的混合物。
6、小雨淅淅沥沥地下着。
7、Can you manage without help?
8、Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.
9、She lingered long over his letter.
10、How fast times fly!
11、Seeing is believing.
12、For mistakes had been made, bad ones.
13、A square has four equal sides.
14、It is only shallow people who judge by appearance.
15、In Spring the day is getting longer and longer, and the
night is getting shorter and shorter.
16、I am warning you for the last time.
17、Air has weight though it is very light.
18、Different kinds of matter have different properties.
19、I came to myself.
20、Where there is a will/life, there is a way/hope. Technique
of Combination of words and phrases
C-E
1、轻举妄动
2、沽名钓誉
3、装疯卖傻
4、愁眉苦脸
5、风餐露宿
6、长吁短叹
7、鬼使神差
8、油嘴滑舌
9、自吹自垒/擂10、光天化日11、公正无私,不偏不倚
12、我要是有个三长两短。
13、但她的事搞得满城风雨,人人皆知。
E-C
14、The plane finally landed on the runway safe and sound.
15、Each machine has its wear and tear.
16、The little match girl shook and trembled with cold.
17、That’s ways and means of rhetoric(修辞).
18、The housewives always pick and choose when they’re
going shopping.
19、He showed me his stamps of every sorts and kinds.
20、She makes progress in English by leaps and bounds.
Similar/Correspondent/Equivalent Translation
Chinese oil 桐油 a good/bad sailor/a goodman/husband/
dry/wet nurse
bowel movements/turn the tables/a matter of great
import/be out with sb./to sit above/below the salt/worth one’s
salt/to sleep late/hold water blow hot and cold/a bull in a china
s hop/to pull the string/to put all one’s eggs in one basket/to
eat one’s own words/to turn over a new leaf
a short/long drink/a man in good shape/dead men冗员/the
outer/inner man/the odd man/at the eleventh hour/a castle in
Spain/culture hero/
Conversion of Parts of Speech
E-C
1、He is a good command of English.
2、We are enemies of all wars.
3、This computer is of high sensibility.
4、She is not very familiar with idioms.
5、The teachers are very strict with us.
6、I was deeply impressed by this movie.
7、That’s a r eal bargain.
8、I have the honour to inform you.
9、He acts as if he were a priest.
10、His bedroom was furnished simply.
11、Oxygen is very active chemically.
12、He behaved very well.
13、He is good and bad.
14、It was a stormy morning with rain.
15、Forms leaned together, in the taxis as they waited.
16、The watch never varies more than a second in a month.
17、Families upstairs have to carry pails to the hydrant
downstairs for water.
18、I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.
19、In this case the temperature in the furnace is up.
20、To them, he personified the absolute power.
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