托福TPO35阅读Passage3原文文本+题目+答案解析

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2024年7月10日发(作者：)

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　　The surface of Mars

　　[1]The surface of Mars shows a wide range of geologic features,including huge

volcanoes—the largest known in the solar system—and extensive impact

very large volcanoes are found on the Tharsis bulge,an enormous

geologic area near Mars's est of Tharsis is the largest volcano of

all:Olympus Mons,with a height of 25 kilometers and measuring some 700 kilometers

in diameter at its three large volcanoes on the Tharsis bulge are a little

smaller—a“mere”18 ki1ometers high.

　　[2]None of these volcanoes was formed as a result of collisions between plates

of the Martian crust-there is no plate motion on d,they are shield

volcanoes—volcanoes with broad,sloping slides formed by molten four show

distinctive lava channels and other flow features similar to those found on shield

volcanoes on of the Martian surface reveal many hundreds of

of the largest volcanoes are associated with the Tharsis bulge,but

many sma11er ones are found in the northern plains.

　　[3]The great height of Martian volcanoes is a direct consequence of the planet's

low surface lava flows and spreads to form a shield volcano,the volcano's

eventual height depends on the new mountain's ability to support its own

lower the gravity,the lesser the weight and the greater the height of the

is no accident that Maxwell Mons on Venus and the Hawaiian shield volcanoes on Earth

rise to about the same height(about10 kilometers)above their respective bases-Earth

and Venus have similar surface 's surface gravity is only 40 percent that

of Earth,so volcanoes rise roughly 2.5 times as the Martian shield volcanoes

still active?Scientists have no direct evidence for recent or ongoing eruptions,but

if these volcanoes were active as recently as 100 million years ago(an estimate of

the time of last eruption based on the extent of impact cratering on their slopes),some

of them may still be at least intermittently ns of years,though,may pass

between eruptions.

　　[4]Another prominent feature of Mars's surface is Mariner

spacecraft found that the surface of Mars,as well as that of its two moons,is pitted

with impact craters formed by meteoroids falling in from on our Moon,the

smaller craters are often filled with surface matter—mostly dust—confirming that

Mars is a dry desert r,Martian craters get filled in considerably faster

than their lunar the Moon,ancient craters less than100 meters

across(corresponding to depths of about 20 meters)have been obliterated,primarily

by meteoritic Mars,there are relatively few craters less than 5 kilometers

in Martian atmosphere is an efficient erosive agent,with Martian winds

transporting dust from place to place and erasing surface features much faster than

meteoritic impacts alone can obliterate them.

　　[5]As on the Moon,the extent of large impact cratering(s too big to

have been filled in by erosion since they were formed)serves as an age indicator for

the Martian estimates ranging from four billion years for Mars's southern

highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngest volcanic areas were obtained

in this way.

　　[6]The detailed appearance of Martian impact craters provides an important piece

of information about conditions just below the planet's n craters are

surrounded by ejecta(debris formed as a result of an impact)that looks quite different

from its lunar counterparts.A comparison of the Copernicus crater on the Moon with

the(fairly typical)crater Yuty on Mars demonstrates the ejecta

surrounding the lunar crater is just what one would expect from an explosion ejecting

a large volume of dust,,soil,and boulders.■However,the ejecta on Mars gives the

distinct impression of a liquid that has splashed or flowed out of crater.■Geologists

think that this fluidized ejecta crater indicates that a layer of permafrost,or water

ice,lies just a few meters under the surface.■Explosive impacts heated and liquefied

the ice,resulting in the fluid appearance of the ejecta.■

　　Paragraph 1

　　Q29 The word“enormous”in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　ant

　　ely large

　　 unusual

　　正确答案:B

　　解析：回到原文题干定位词汇出现的句子，“Three very large volcanoes are found on

the Tharsis bulge,an enormous geologic area near Mars’s equator.”从句型结构来看，这

句话的是修饰Tharsis bulge的同位语短语。根据主句的主语three very large volcanoes来

推断，Tharsis bulge很大，所以推断选B选项。enormous=very large in size or

quantity=extremely large，巨大的。extremely large,特别巨大的;highly unusual,高度罕

见的;active，活跃的。希望考生考试之前尽量掌握这些词汇。

　　Q30 According to paragraph 1,Olympus Mons differs from volcanoes on the Tharsis

bulge in that Olympus Mons

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