包装英语翻译——11-14

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2024年7月26日发(作者：)

lithography 平版印刷术

photogravure 凹版印刷 照相凹版

flexography 柔性版印刷

silk screen 丝网印刷

letterpress 凸版印刷

hue 色调 色相

halftone 中间色 半色调

screen clash 网屏套叠

amplitude modulated （AM）screening 调幅加网

frequency modulated （FM）screening 调频加网

raster image processor（RIP）光栅图像处理器

computer to plate （CTP）计算机直接制版

unitized load 组合式货物 集装式货物

vertical shock 纵向冲击

Man-made materials人造材料

container 集装箱

sweep 扫频

drop test 跌落试验

sales package 销售包装

shock pope 震动波普

distribution environmental 流通环境

vibration conductivity振动传导性

regression analysis 回归分析法

field feedback 市场反馈

sampling process取样过程

blister packaging泡罩包装

heat insulating package隔热包装

Total Quality Control全面质量控制

vacuum smelting真空冶炼

coating 镀膜

formed-filled-sealed 成型装填密封

secondary colour 二次色

leakage test 泄露实验

vacuum metalization techniques 真空镀膜技术

Lesson11

In the future, new digital printing process will be developed aimed specifically at short production

runs, enabling marketers to test new product launches without incurring high origination costs, wh

ile at the same time producing a quality with the possibility of introducing variable information for

certain markets.

在未来，新的数字印刷过程将被开发专门针对在短时间内的生产运行，使营销人

员能够检测新产品的推出，而不会产生高的原始成本，而在同一时间的生产与引

入某些市场的变量信息的可能性的质量。

第二段：Printing began with the invention of paper in china in AD 105 印刷的历史可以追溯到

公元105年中国发明造纸术之时。This led to printing from carved wooden blocks throughout the

East-particularly in china这使得木版雕刻在东方普及，尤其是在中国、韩国 日本The oldest

known printed book was produced in china in AD 868最早的印刷书籍是公元868年在中国生

产的。

Developments in printing continued with words and pictures being carved together on

wooden blocks。印刷的发展是随着文字和图形被刻在木桩上而发展的。However, this

necessitated a new set of blocks being cut for each new book. 然而，每个新的书都需要一套新

的模块To obviate this, printing presses were developed using type cast from individual pieces of

clay so that they could be sued repeatedly. 为了避免这种情况，印刷机使用单块泥土组成活字

盘的压印，使他们能够反复使用。These were in common use in China by AD1041. and by AD

1400 Korean printers were casting type in metal. 这些印刷在AD1041已经在中国普遍使用。到

公元1400年韩国印刷者使用金属活字盘。

Printing in Europe had existed in various forms since the sixth century, but it is Johannes

Gutenberg who is credited with the invention of printing in the West and the production of the first

book in Europe in 1445,Gutenberg was a goldsmith by trade ,living in what is now Germany .At

the time all the technologies necessary for the invention of printing were available :it just needed

the right mind to put all the pieces together. As a goldsmith ,Gutenberg knew how to cast objects

in metal, and ink and paper were readily available, together with presses used for wine making

which could be adapted for printing .Gutenberg went on to develop the concept of casting

individual letters that could be assembled into words, printed, cleaned and reused, a process now

known as letter-press printing.

自公元六世纪以来在欧洲印刷工艺已经存在多种形式,但是人们普遍认为Johannes Gutenberg

是西方印刷的发明者。并且是1445年欧洲第一本书的制造者。,古登堡是一位职业金匠，生

活在现在的德国。在当时印刷发明所需要的技术都已存在：它只需要一个合理的方法把所有

的部分组合起来。作为一个金匠，古登堡知道如何在金属上雕刻东西，墨水和纸是唾手可得

的,再加上用于制酒的压印方法，也可用于印刷。古登堡继续发展铸造单个字母的思想观念，

将这些字母组合成词,在经过印刷,清洗和可重复使用，这个过程也就是现在众所周知的凸版

印刷过程。

第六段：The use of colour in print has always been importent. In the early days, each colour

would be hand-drawn and printed, with sometimes as many as 12 separate colours being used. As

the demand for colour printing increased, other methods of reprodecing colour had to be found .

印刷中颜色的应用一直都很重要。以前，每种颜色都需要手先画出来再印刷，有时会有

12中单独的颜色被使用。随着对彩色印刷要求的增长，其它再生颜色的方法就需要被发现。

In theory it is possible to create any colour from a mixture of the three primary pigments:

red, yellow and blue. A mixture of any two colours will produce the secondary colours. For

example, a mix of yellow and blue produces green, a mix of blue and red produces purple. A mix

of all three theoretically produces black although in reality the end result is a muddy brown.

理论上讲，通过红，黄，蓝三种主要色素的混合来获得任意颜色是可能的。任意两种

颜色混合都会产生二次色。例如，黄和蓝混合产生绿，蓝和红混合产生青。三原色的混合理

论上会产生黑而实际的最终结果是深棕色。

These combinations apply to reflected light. Pure white light or transmitted light contains all

the colours of the rainbow and here the three primary colours are red ,green and blue-violet; these

mixed together give white. Where the primary colours overlap, the secondary colours appear:

yellow, magenta and cyan.

这种混合源于光的反射。纯白光或者自然光包含了彩虹中所有的颜色，并且这里的三原色是

红，绿和紫蓝，他们混合产生白光。三原色色光叠加的地方会产生二次色：黄，品红，青。

第十一段：

Conventional screening is referred to as amplitude (AM) screening; that is,

the dots are arranged in a regular pattern of rows and columns but each dot varies in

size. Other screening techniques now available include Stochastic screening, now

referred to as frequency modulated (FM) screening. This type of screening produces

dots of the same size but they are randomly scattered: this produces finer vignettes

and reduces the possibility of moire pattern problem.

传统加网工艺是指调幅加网，网点在横竖两个方向上成规则图样，但网点尺寸大小是变化的。

现在常用的其他加网技术包括随机加网，指的是调频加网，其产生的网点尺寸大小相同，但

呈随机分布。这样会产生更好的花饰并能减少龟纹问题出现的可能性。

Moiré patterns are irregular wavy lines produced by the superposition at a slight angle of two sets

of closely spaced lines. These unwanted basket weave effects can occur when screen angles on

colour work are not set correctly. When there is regular patterning on an image ,or when a halftone

has been re-screened. 龟纹图案是两套紧密相邻的线存在很小的角度时产生的不规波浪线。

当颜色的加网角度没有放置正确当有规律列在图案上或当半色调被重新加网时，这些不期望

的“放平组织”将会出现。

Lesson12

第一段：Once the design has been finalized and a prototype fabricated, the product/package

system is tested using inputs that duplicate the potentially damaging effects of the distribution

environment to verify its performance. It is necessary that a product/package system be subjected

to the design drop height and the chosen vibration spectra. Because the previous development

procedure includes some simplifying assumptions that can only be evaluated by test. For example,

the cushions have a different shape than test samples, and while real-world inputs occur in three

dimensions, the individual lab tests were conducted alone in a single axis.

一旦完成包装设计并制造出了模型，就要对产品包装系统模拟流通环境中潜在的破坏进行试

验，来检测其性能。包装系统进行跌落高度和振动波谱实验是必须的，因为设计过程往往简

化了参数条件，所以最后必定要通过实验来评估设计的有效性。例如，缓冲垫和试样形状不

同，并且实际情况输入发生在三维方向，独立的实验室测试只能以单一轴向进行。

第五段：Test procedures are available for verification of package performance and integrity. a

relatively new standard, ASTM D4169, has gained wide acceptance since its release and is

recommended for this purpose . performance refers to the ability of the package system to

protect the product from shock and vibration. integrity refers to the ability of the package system

itself to withstand the rigors involved during a normal distribution cycle.

测试程序可以用来检验包装的性能和完整性。一个相对较新的标准，ASTM D4169，自发布

以来已获得广泛接受，并被推荐用于试验目的。性能是指包装系统保护该产品免受冲击和振

动的能力。完整性是指包装系统本身在正态分布周期抵抗严峻考验的能力。

第七段： Test methods have been designed to evaluate the performance of a packaging system

when it is subjected to the vibration conditions existing in the distribution environment. If a

packaging system fails these tests it should be redesigned. However ,if it passes the tests these is

no guarantee that the packaged product will survive the shipment.

These are three testing methods available depending on how the product is to be shipped:

(1).The Repetitive shock Test should be used if individual containers of products are shipped.

(2).The Single Container Resonance Test is done to assess the container's ability to protect

the product when the input vibration has the same frequency as that of the container with the

product.

(3)The Unitized Load or Vertical Shock Resonance Test should be done if containers are

shipped in multiple unit, stacked loads.

There tests are briefly described below.

测试方法用来评价一个包装系统在流通环境遭受振动情况时的性能。如果包装系统没有

通过这些测试，那么他们将会重新设计。然而，就算通过测试，也不能保证包装的产品能够

在运输中完好保存。

根据产品的运输方式有以下三种可利用的测试方法：

(1). 如果产品以单个容器运输，应进行重复冲击试验。

(2).单个容器共振试验是为了评估当输入的振动与所装产品有相同的频率保护产品的能

力。

(3).如果容器是以多个单元，堆叠运输时应进行集装式货物或纵向冲击共振测试。

下面简要介绍一些测试。

Lesson13

第一段：Quality assurance is industry function that has been evolving for the past sixty years. This

evolution has included quality assurance work in packaging materials, components, and finished

packages. Ten years ago, however, the shock of lost jobs and business to foreign competition

brought about a fundamental change in the way American corporations handled quality control.

No longerf was quality relegated to the Quality Control Department. It became a priority topic for

everyone from executives to line workers in quality circles.

质量认证是一项在过去60年发展开来的工业活动。这项发展包括包装材料，零部件，以及

完整包装的质量保证工作。然而，十年前，失业和外国企业竞争的冲击，给美国公司处理质

量控制的方式带来根本性的变化。质量认证不再委托给质量控制部门。在质量圈中质量认证

对于每个人来说，从高管到一线工人都成为一个优先考虑的问题。

Previously, industrial quality control was viewd as a testing and inspection operation at the

completion of a manufacturing cycle. It has moved upstream into the manufacturing process to

monitor in-process variables, to tighten control of the process and to eliminate defects befor the

occur. This reduces manufacturing waste and can reduce the amount of end-item in spection

required.

此前，工业质量控制被看作是在一个生产周期完成后的测试和检验操作。它已经进入制造过

程上游来监测生产过程的变量，加紧对过程的控制并在缺陷发生前消除他们。这将减少制造

废物，并能够减少需要进行检查的最终产品的数量。

第二段：Quality is often defined as the consistent conformance of products and services to

customer requirements .Other criteria are the product's fitness -for -use and freedom from

defects .with regard to the packaging process ,quality assurance includes the optimization of

traditional packaging functions such as protection ,containment ,communication

质量常被定义为产品和服务与顾客所要求的一致适应性。其他标准是产品的适用性，和摆脱

不足之处。关于包装过程，质量保证包括对传统包装功能如保护、容纳、传递信息以及方便

等功能的最优化。

Quality issues are now discussed early during the designing process .Engineers need to know the

sensitivity of package performance to variations in its components or variations in package

processing .This information is used to set purchasing and processing tolerances .It can affect

the choice of materials and the design of the package .The engineer's goal is to develop a "robust"

package design which can be manufactured without mormal component or processing variation

affecting the final package quality The current emphasis of quality assurance is on

prevention ,rather than detection ,of defects.

现在质量问题是在设计过程中讨论较早的问题，工程师们需要知道包装性能对其

组件变化或步骤变化的敏感度。这些信息用来获得并设置公差。它可以影响包装

材料及设计的选择。工程师的目标发展一个“坚固的”包装设计，它的制造可以

不受组件或步骤变化的影响，而组件或步骤的变化又不影响最终包装质量。当前

质量认证的重点是预防，而不是发现不足。

Lesson14课

Few things are less tangible than an idea, and few more important. Throughout history there have

been recorded examples of moments of briliant insight-Archimedes in his bath , Newton(possibly)

in the orchard--but many ,many more ideas undoubtedly evolved over a period of time by

observation and deduction ,trial and error.

第一段：很少有东西比一个想法更不明确，也很少有东西比一个想法更重要。历史上有记录

辉煌洞察力时刻的例子，阿基米德在洗澡时，牛顿（可能）在果园中。但是很多想法无疑是

经过一个时期的观察推理试验和纠错而形成的。

There are many reasons why a search for new ideas in packaging may be initiated. These rang

from a packaging supplier wishing to develop a new material or packaging system ,to a food

manufacture relaunching existing ranges ,solving a technical problem or devising a new

convenience feature. The impetus may come from the need (necessity is the mother of invention)

or from the development of a new technology ,process or material.

要对一个可能开创的包装新思想进行探索是有很多原因的。从一个包装供应商希望开发一种

新材料或包装系统到一个食品生产再发动生产生存？？，解决技术问题或者设计一种新的方

便的功能，都需要进行探索。原动力可能来自需要或新技术工艺或材料的发展。

Some individuals, companies and even nations have better records of success than

others in this field, and there must therefore be some underlying reason-cultural,

educational, motivation or philosophical. one of the most prolific inventors of recent times

was Thomas Edison. One he had prospered from the launch of his first successful

product, the gramophone cylinder, he set up a laboratory to‘Invent’ all manner of things.

His approach, made possible by the funds available, was to study large numbers of ideas

and observe phenomena for their potential applications. Just one such phenomena was

the deposition of thin layers of metal from a heated filament in a vacuum. This he patented

in the 1890s, but only in the last 20 years or so has it achieved a major significance in

packaging with the development of the high output vacuum metalization techniques.

一些个人，企业甚至国家在这一领域比别人有更好的成功经历，因此，必须有一些基本的文

化，教育，动机或哲学因素 。 近代最多产的发明家托马斯爱迪生,他将自己第一个成功的

产品留声机投放市场并使之繁荣起来，成立了一个实验室来发明各种各样的东西。 有效的

资金使他可以研究大量的想法，观察现象背后潜在的应用性。 这样的现象最恰当的例子是

在真空中加热灯丝从中沉积析出金属薄层。他在19世纪90年代为此申请了专利，但直到

过去20年左右的时间这项技术在包装高真空镀膜技术才得到主要应用。

All research and development innovative processes thrive by cross fertilization, and it

is most often by a system of accretion of small gains in knowledge that problems are

solved. The most successful innovators are those who are able to bring together concepts

from many different disciplines and industries in the search for a solution to any particular

problem.

所有的研究和工艺的创新发展在交流中成长，它经常是通过一点一点知识的积累来解决问

题。 最成功的发明家是那些在寻找特殊问题的解决方法时能够汇集来自许多不同的学科和

行业思想的人。

Equally(and often more) successful are those who see the possibilities of some

observation for another application while studying something else. This is serendipity.

Back to Edison- who is supposed to have invented the gramophone while trying to make

speech visible for the deaf; fleming who spoilt a culture and went on to discover penicillin;

there are many more.

同样（甚至更多）成功是那些在研究一些东西的同时看到其另一方面应用性的可能，这是意

外收获。 回到爱迪生，他试图创造使聋人可以讲话的东西时发明了留声机;弗莱明损坏了培

养皿却意外发现了青霉素，还有更多。

Ideas do not, or at least only very rarely, come suddenly to an unprepared mind, so the

innovator must have a lively curiosity and be a voracious gatherer of information.

想法从不或很少光顾毫无准备的头脑，因此，发明家必须有一个活跃的好奇心和大量的信息

收集。

Any new idea is only as effective as the total system in which it is used, and this means

considering the machinery involved. Virtually all forms of pack have to be mechanically

filled and sealed at an economic cost. Quite unnecessary problems may arise if this is not

taken into account at the design/concept stage.

任何新的想法只有在系统使用中才能看到效果，这意味着要考虑相关机器。事实上，所有包

装形式都在机械填充和密封上有经济花费。 如果在概念设计时没有考虑到这些，可能会产

生相当不必要的问题。

Conversely, some packaging machinery is more versatile than might be expected, so it

is important to discuss ideas with machinery suppliers or designers as early as possible.

Even (or perhaps especially) if changes are going to be made, this consultation can be

vital. A few words with their technical specialists can often identify a cost-effective way of

modifying a basically standard machine to incorporate new marketing features or handle a

new pack style.

相反，一些包装机械比预期的功能更多，因此重要的是将想法尽早与机械供应商或设计师一

起讨论。 甚至（或者尤其）如果打算做出改变，这种协商是至关重要的。与技术专家的几

句话，往往可以确立一个划算的方法去对机器的基础标准做出修改，纳入新的营销功能或者

处理新的包装形式。

In conclusion, the most important thing is to make the conditions conductive to the

survival and development of ideas. Taking a lesson from nature, vast numbers of seeds

are produced-most fall randomly and only those few that happen to land in the right

conditions germinate and come to anything. So it is with ideas, the greater the degree of

alertness and preparedness (tempered, of course, by judgement ) the more likely such

embryonic are to develop into healthy new product or processes.

总之，最重要的是创造有利与生存和实现想法的条件。 以自然为例，大量的种子生产

出来，大多数随机飘落，只有那些小部分碰巧落在了合适的条件中才发芽并长成一些东西。

想法也是如此，敏感性和准备的程度越高，（当然是恰当的判断），越容易使胚芽状的想法健

康的发展成为新的产品或工艺。

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