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重要说明：本文素材均来源于 AMD官网 以及互联网，本文仅记录博主学习相关知识点的过程，侵删。
一、参考资料
AMD 官网：https://www.amd/en.html
二、相关介绍
1. x86 vs x64
x86一般是指32位的系统，x64是指64位的系统。x64本质上也是x86的一个版本，确切来说，应该叫x86-64，可以简单理解为x86的下一个版本。目前，x86基本已淘汰，x64是主流。
早期时intel最先研发出x86架构，然后AMD拿到授权后也可以做x86。接着intel向64位过度的时候研发出ia64（x64架构），因为和x86架构不兼容，市场反应极差。而AMD率先研发了x86的64位兼容架构（32和64的混合架构），即现在的x86-64架构，intel反过来向AMD要授权（intel和AMD两家专利交叉的很严重）以生产x86-64。由于是AMD先研发出x64架构，所以x86-64又叫amd64。
2. 通用计算架构
通用计算架构：Zen、Golden Cove。
3. 领域专用架构
DSA架构（Domain Specific Architecture）
CPU微架构中的SSE、AVX等，本质上是通过专用指令集和专用执行单元对通用的CPU微架构进行专用化加强。
三、AMD CPU/GPU/NPU产品
1. CPU 产品
AMD EPYC™ 系列
AMD EPYC™ server processor family
AMD EPYC™
The AMD EPYC Processor family delivers leadership performance for Enterprise, HPC, and AI workloads with advanced security features.
| Product | AMD EPYC 7001 | AMD EPYC 7002 | AMD EPYC 7003 | AMD EPYC 9004, 8004 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Core Architecture | “Zen” | “Zen 2” | “Zen 3” | “Zen 4” and “Zen 4c” |
| CPU Process Technology | 14nm | 7nm | 7nm | 5nm |
| IPC Improvement Over Prior Generation | N/A | ~24%4 | ~19%5 | ~14%6 |
AMD Ryzen™ 系列
AMD Ryzen™
| Desktop Processor | AMD Ryzen 1000 | AMD Ryzen 3000 | AMD Ryzen 5000 | AMD Ryzen 7000/8000 | AMD Ryzen 9000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Core Architecture | “Zen” | “Zen 2” | “Zen 3” | “Zen 4” | “Zen 5” |
| CPU Process Technology | 14nm | 7nm | 7nm | 5nm/4nm | 4nm |
| IPC Improvement Over Prior Generation | N/A | ~15%2 | ~19%3 | ~13%1 | ~16%10 |
intel vs AMD对比
| AMD | 核心/线程 | 对标型号（intel） | 级别 |
|---|---|---|---|
| R9 | 16核32线程 | Core i9 | 高端 |
| R7 | 8核16线程 | Core i7 | 高端 |
| R5 | 6核12线程 | Core i5 | 中端 |
| R3 | 4核8线程 | Core i3、奔腾 | 入门 |
2. GPU 产品
supported-gpus
AMD Instinct™ Accelerators系列
Generative AI workloads and HPC applications.
| Accelerator | Architecture | LLVM target |
|---|---|---|
| AMD Instinct MI300X | CDNA3 | gfx942 |
| AMD Instinct MI300A | CDNA3 | gfx942 |
| AMD Instinct MI250X | CDNA2 | gfx90a |
| AMD Instinct MI250 | CDNA2 | gfx90a |
| AMD Instinct MI210 | CDNA2 | gfx90a |
| AMD Instinct MI100 | CDNA | gfx908 |
| AMD Instinct MI50 | GCN5.1 | gfx906 |
| AMD Instinct MI25 | GCN5.0 | gfx900 |
AMD Radeon™ PRO系列
Professional Graphics，Workstations。
| GPU | Architecture | LLVM target |
|---|---|---|
| AMD Radeon PRO W7900 Dual Slot | RDNA3 | gfx1100 |
| AMD Radeon PRO W7900 | RDNA3 | gfx1100 |
| AMD Radeon PRO W7800 | RDNA3 | gfx1100 |
| AMD Radeon PRO W6800 | RDNA2 | gfx1030 |
| AMD Radeon PRO V620 | RDNA2 | gfx1030 |
| AMD Radeon PRO VII | GCN5.1 | gfx906 |
AMD Radeon™ RX系列
AMD Radeon™ RX Graphics Cards.
| GPU | Architecture | LLVM target |
|---|---|---|
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX | RDNA3 | gfx1100 |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 XT | RDNA3 | gfx1100 |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 GRE | RDNA3 | gfx1100 |
| AMD Radeon VII | GCN5.1 | gfx906 |
3. NPU 产品
AMD Ryzen™ AI Processors
AMD Ryzen™ AI processors is the world’s first dedicated AI engine with x86 processors and powers hundreds of different AI functions so you can rethink productivity for your workflows. AMD Ryzen AI processors is built directly into your PC so your CPU and GPU can focus on other tasks while you use AI to help generate concepts and designs and accelerate your productivity with incredible power efficiency, speed, and quiet operation.
AMD Ryzen AI processors brings the power of personal computing closer to you on an AI desktop, laptop, or mobile workstation.
AMD Ryzen™ Processors for Desktop
AMD Ryzen 8000 Series
| Name | Graphics Model | # of CPU Cores | # of Threads | Max. Boost Clock | Base Clock | Graphics Core Count | AMD Ryzen™ AI | Default TDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMD Ryzen™ 7 PRO 8700GE | AMD Radeon™ 780M | 8 | 16 | Up to 5.1 GHz | 3.6 GHz | 12 | Available | 35W |
| AMD Ryzen™ 7 PRO 8700G | AMD Radeon™ 780M | 8 | 16 | Up to 5.1 GHz | 4.2 GHz | 12 | Available | 65W |
| AMD Ryzen™ 5 PRO 8600GE | AMD Radeon™ 760M | 6 | 12 | Up to 5 GHz | 3.9 GHz | 8 | Available | 35W |
| AMD Ryzen™ 5 PRO 8600G | AMD Radeon™ 760M | 6 | 12 | Up to 5 GHz | 4.3 GHz | 8 | Available | 65W |
| AMD Ryzen™ 7 8700G | AMD Radeon™ 780M | 8 | 16 | Up to 5.1 GHz | 4.2 GHz | 12 | Available | 65W |
| AMD Ryzen™ 5 8600G | AMD Radeon™ 760M | 6 | 12 | Up to 5 GHz | 4.3 GHz | 8 | Available | 65W |
AMD Ryzen™ Processors for Laptops
AMD Ryzen PRO 8000 Series
| Name | Graphics Model | # of CPU Cores | # of Threads | Max. Boost Clock | Base Clock | Graphics Core Count | AMD Ryzen™ AI | Default TDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMD Ryzen™ 9 PRO 8945HS | AMD Radeon™ 780M | 8 | 16 | Up to 5.2 GHz | 4 GHz | 12 | Available | 45W |
| AMD Ryzen™ 7 PRO 8840U | AMD Radeon™ 780M | 8 | 16 | Up to 5.1 GHz | 3.3 GHz | 12 | Available | 28W |
| AMD Ryzen™ 7 PRO 8845HS | AMD Radeon™ 780M | 8 | 16 | Up to 5.1 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 12 | Available | 45W |
| AMD Ryzen™ 7 PRO 8840HS | AMD Radeon™ 780M | 8 | 16 | Up to 5.1 GHz | 3.3 GHz | 12 | Available | 28W |
| AMD Ryzen™ 5 PRO 8640U | AMD Radeon™ 760M | 6 | 12 | Up to 4.9 GHz | 3.5 GHz | 8 | Available | 28W |
| AMD Ryzen™ 5 PRO 8645HS | AMD Radeon™ 760M | 6 | 12 | Up to 5 GHz | 4.3 GHz | 8 | Available | 45W |
| AMD Ryzen™ 5 PRO 8640HS | AMD Radeon™ 760M | 6 | 12 | Up to 4.9 GHz | 3.5 GHz | 8 | Available | 28W |
AMD Ryzen PRO 7000 Series
| Name | Graphics Model | # of CPU Cores | # of Threads | Max. Boost Clock | Base Clock | Graphics Core Count | AMD Ryzen™ AI | Default TDP |
| AMD Ryzen™ 9 PRO 7940HS | AMD Radeon™ 780M | 8 | 16 | Up to 5.2 GHz | 4 GHz | 12 | Available | |
| AMD Ryzen™ 7 PRO 7840U | AMD Radeon™ 780M | 8 | 16 | Up to 5.1 GHz | 3.3 GHz | 12 | Available | |
| AMD Ryzen™ 7 PRO 7840HS | AMD Radeon™ 780M | 8 | 16 | Up to 5.1 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 12 | Available | |
| AMD Ryzen™ 5 PRO 7640U | AMD Radeon™ 760M | 6 | 12 | Up to 4.9 GHz | 3.5 GHz | 8 | Available | |
| AMD Ryzen™ 5 PRO 7640HS | AMD Radeon™ 760M | 6 | 12 | Up to 5 GHz | 4.3 GHz | 8 | Available |
AMD Ryzen™ Processors for Mobile Workstations
Ryzen 8000 Series
| Name | Graphics Model | # of CPU Cores | # of Threads | Max. Boost Clock | Base Clock | Graphics Core Count | AMD Ryzen™ AI | Default TDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMD Ryzen™ 9 PRO 8945HS | AMD Radeon™ 780M | 8 | 16 | Up to 5.2 GHz | 4 GHz | 12 | Available | 45W |
| AMD Ryzen™ 7 PRO 8845HS | AMD Radeon™ 780M | 8 | 16 | Up to 5.1 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 12 | Available | 45W |
| AMD Ryzen™ 7 PRO 8840HS | AMD Radeon™ 780M | 8 | 16 | Up to 5.1 GHz | 3.3 GHz | 12 | Available | 28W |
| AMD Ryzen™ 5 PRO 8645HS | AMD Radeon™ 760M | 6 | 12 | Up to 5 GHz | 4.3 GHz | 8 | Available | 45W |
| AMD Ryzen™ 5 PRO 8640HS | AMD Radeon™ 760M | 6 | 12 | Up to 4.9 GHz | 3.5 GHz | 8 | Available | 28W |
| AMD Ryzen™ 9 8945HS | AMD Radeon™ 780M | 8 | 16 | Up to 5.2 GHz | 4 GHz | 12 | Available | 45W |
| AMD Ryzen™ 7 8845HS | AMD Radeon™ 780M | 8 | 16 | Up to 5.1 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 12 | Available | 45W |
| AMD Ryzen™ 7 8840HS | AMD Radeon™ 780M | 8 | 16 | Up to 5.1 GHz | 3.3 GHz | 12 | Available | 28W |
| AMD Ryzen™ 5 8645HS | AMD Radeon™ 760M | 6 | 12 | Up to 5 GHz | 4.3 GHz | 8 | Available | 45W |
| AMD Ryzen™ 5 8640HS | AMD Radeon™ 760M | 6 | 12 | Up to 4.9 GHz | 3.5 GHz | 8 | Available | 28W |
Ryzen 7000 Series
| Name | Graphics Model | # of CPU Cores | # of Threads | Max. Boost Clock | Base Clock | Graphics Core Count | AMD Ryzen™ AI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMD Ryzen™ 9 PRO 7940HS | AMD Radeon™ 780M | 8 | 16 | Up to 5.2 GHz | 4 GHz | 12 | Available |
| AMD Ryzen™ 7 PRO 7840U | AMD Radeon™ 780M | 8 | 16 | Up to 5.1 GHz | 3.3 GHz | 12 | Available |
| AMD Ryzen™ 7 PRO 7840HS | AMD Radeon™ 780M | 8 | 16 | Up to 5.1 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 12 | Available |
| AMD Ryzen™ 5 PRO 7640U | AMD Radeon™ 760M | 6 | 12 | Up to 4.9 GHz | 3.5 GHz | 8 | Available |
| AMD Ryzen™ 5 PRO 7640HS | AMD Radeon™ 760M | 6 | 12 | Up to 5 GHz | 4.3 GHz | 8 | Available |
四、AMD CPU/GPU/NPU架构
CPU：ZEN
GPU：CDNA、RDNA。
NPU：XDNA
AMD “Zen” Core Architecture
AMD “Zen” Core Architecture
The historic “Zen” architecture shifted the design approach to processors and represented an unimaginable uplift over previous AMD products. The first AMD Ryzen™ processors made their way to market in 2017, transforming gaming, productivity, and creativity. “Zen” architecture powers every AMD processor available today, from AMD Ryzen™ in consumer desktop and mobile processors, to AMD EPYC™ for servers, and AMD Threadripper™ for workstations. It all started with “Zen.”
“Zen 5” Architecture
Cutting-edge 4nm manufacturing technology enables the world’s most powerful – and most efficient – desktop processor lineup with AMD Ryzen 9000 Series processors. Improvements include Improved branch prediction accuracy and latency; higher throughput with wider pipelines and vectors; and deeper window size across design for more parallelism. As a result, single-threaded IPC is increased by about ~16% gen-over-gen.
“Zen 4” Architecture
Zen 4 White-Paper.pdf
AMD Ryzen created on leading 5nm manufacturing technology, AMD Ryzen 7000 Series processors boast a maximum clock speed up to an impressive 5.7 GHz7. Thanks to major redesigns of key portions of the chip like the front end, execution engine, load/store hierarchy, and a generationally-doubled L2 cache on each core, the chip can deliver up to a 13% IPC increase over its predecessor. When combined with the 800 MHz clock increase over last gen, this can add up to 29% more single-thread performance.
4th Generation AMD EPYC processors include up to 128 “Zen 4” or “Zen 4c” cores with exceptional memory bandwidth and capacity. The innovative AMD chiplet architecture enables high performance, energy-efficient solutions optimized for different computing needs. These cores represent a significant advancement from the last generation, with new support for highly complex machine learning and inferencing applications.
“Zen 3” Architecture
“Zen 3” debuted in AMD Ryzen 5000 Series desktop processors and increased the maximum clock speed to 4.9 GHz. This comprehensive design overhaul delivered a further 19% IPC. It also transitioned to a new “unified complex” design which dramatically reduced core-to-core and core-to-cache latencies. Latency-sensitive tasks like PC gaming especially benefited from this change, as tasks now have direct access to twice as much L3 cache versus “Zen 2.”
“Zen 3+” transitioned to the newer 6nm manufacturing process. Focused on mobile users, efficiency was a strong focus, along with delivering high performance and performance-per-watt. This manifested in the AMD Ryzen 6000 Series processors for mobile. Laptops with these processors have demonstrated up to 29 hours of video playback on battery.8 In addition, they deliver exceptional performance in thin and light laptops.
“Zen 2” Architecture
The Ryzen 3000 Series desktop processors benefited from a major core redesign, doubling up the L3 cache capacity (up to 32MB), floating point throughput (to 256-bit), OpCache capacity (to 4K), and Infinity Fabric bandwidth (to 512-bit). It also featured a new TAGE branch predictor. All of these improvements contributed to a very substantial 15% IPC increase, and with these processors benefitting from the new 7nm manufacturing node, maximum clock speeds climbed to 4.7 GHz.
“Zen” Architecture
The original launch of the "Zen” architecture in the Ryzen 1000 Series desktop processors featured clock speeds up to 4 GHz, and were manufactured on the 14nm manufacturing node. This was followed the next year with the Ryzen 2000 Series featuring updated “Zen+” architecture, which was die-shrunk to the 12nm node and delivered higher clock speeds with about 3% higher IPC (instructions per clock) compared to its predecessor. Despite this modest increase, it delivered up to 15% higher gaming performance due to updates like Precision Boost 2 and XFR 2, thanks in part to a clock speed increase up to 4.3 GHz.
AMD CDNA™ Architecture
AMD CDNA™ Architecture
Built to Accelerate Compute-Intensive AI and HPC Workloads.
| 架构 | 年份 |
|---|---|
| CDNA 3.0 | 2023 |
| CDNA 2.0 | 2021 |
| CDNA 1.0 | 2020 |
AMD CDNA™ 3
amd-cdna-3-white-paper.pdf
AMD CDNA™ 3 is the dedicated compute architecture underlying AMD Instinct™ MI300 Series accelerators. It features advanced packaging with chiplet technologies—designed to reduce data movement overhead and enhance power efficiency.
AMD CDNA™ 2
amd-cdna2-white-paper.pdf
AMD CDNA 2 architecture is designed to accelerate even the most taxing scientific computing workloads and machine learning applications. It underlies AMD Instinct MI200 Series accelerators.
AMD CDNA™
amd-cdna-white-paper.pdf
AMD CDNA architecture is a dedicated architecture for GPU-based compute that was designed to usher in the era of Exascale-class computing. It underlies AMD Instinct MI100 Series accelerators.
AMD RDNA™ Architecture
The AMD RDNA architecture is designed for the next generation of efficient high-performance gaming. It’s the DNA that powers your games, the DNA that brings your games to life, the DNA that keeps evolving.
AMD RDNA is built from the ground up to deliver incredible performance, efficiency, and features to all gamers across a wide range of hardware. Gamers can experience AMD RDNA across desktops, laptops, consoles, mobile, and the cloud.
| 架构 | 年份 |
|---|---|
| RDNA 3.0 | 2022-2024 |
| RDNA 2.0 | 2020-2023 |
| RDNA 1.0 | 2019-2020 |
AMD RDNA™ 3
With the AMD RDNA™ 3 architecture featured on the AMD Radeon RX 7000 Series graphics cards, experience the next-generation advancements in GPU design with new AI accelerators on the world’s first chiplet GPU design for gamers.
AMD RDNA™ 2
The AMD RDNA™ 2 architecture features enhanced compute units with 1st generation raytracing accelerators, a new visual pipeline, and 1st generation AMD Infinity Cache™ technology, enabling high -resolution gaming performance with vivid visuals.
AMD Radeon™ RX 6000 Series graphics cards feature AMD RDNA™ 2 architecture and are engineered to take on next generation gaming with supercharged performance and breathtaking visuals. Radeon RX 6000 Series graphics cards offer new levels of power efficiency, performance, and features.
AMD RDNA™
Engineered from the ground up to deliver excellent performance and power efficiency, RDNA is the architecture powering AMD Radeon™ RX 5000 Series graphics.
AMD XDNA™ Architecture
AMD XDNA™ Architecture
AMD XDNA™ 2
Next-Generation AMD XDNA 2 is built for Generative AI experiences in PCs, delivering exceptional compute performance, bandwidth, and energy efficiency.
AMD XDNA™
AMD XDNA is a spatial dataflow NPU architecture consisting of a tiled array of AI Engine processors. Each AI Engine tile includes a vector processor, a scalar processor, and local data and program memories. Unlike traditional architectures that require repeatedly fetching data from caches (which consumes energy), AI Engine uses on-chip memories and custom dataflow, to enable efficient, low power computing for AI and signal processing.
AMD Ryzen 7040 and 8040 Series processors are built on AMD XDNA NPUs and AMD “Zen” cores to deliver leadership AI acceleration on PCs.
AMD GCN
AMD GCN1-architecture White-Paper.pdf
| 架构 | 年份 | 代表 |
|---|---|---|
| GCN 5.1 | 2018-2022 | |
| GCN 5.0 | 2017-2020 | |
| GCN 4.0 | 2016-2020 | Polaris北极星 |
| GCN 3.0 | 2014-2019 | Fiji斐济、Tonga汤加 |
| GCN 2.0 | 2013-2017 | Hawaii夏威夷、Bonaire博尔内岛 |
| GCN 1.0 | 2011-2020 | Tahiti塔西提、Cape Verde佛得角 |
五、术语解析
HPC：High-Performance Computing
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