安全知识(101)防火防爆技术(7) 爆炸控制 惰性气体保护

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A glamorous life is quite different to a life of luxury.

人生的精彩，与奢华无关。

Copyright 2016---- all rights reserved “ “ by Andy Fan all rights reserved

安全知识（101）

防火防爆技术（7） 爆炸控制

惰性气体保护

Author ：Andyfan

承 启：

上一篇 —— 防火防爆技术（6） 静电放电（2）

化学能和太阳能

本 篇 —— 防火防爆技术（7） 爆炸控制

惰性气体保护

下一篇 —— 防火防爆技术（8） 系统密闭和正压操作

厂房通风

摘要：

防止爆炸的一般原则：一是控制混合气体中的可燃物含量处在爆炸极限以外；二是使用惰性气

体取代空气；三是使氧气浓度处于其极限值以下。为此应防止可燃气向空气中泄漏，或防止空

气进入可燃气体中；控制、监视混合气体各组分浓度；装设报警装置和设施。

Copyright 2016---- all rights reserved “ “ by Andy Fan all rights reserved

正 文：

防火防爆技术（6） 静电放电（2）

惰性气体保护

防火防爆技术

爆炸控制

什么是化工生产中的非常重要的一项工作？

爆炸造成的后果大多非常严重。在化工生产中，爆炸的压力和火灾的蔓延不仅会使生产设备遭

受损失，而且使建筑物破坏，甚至致人死亡。因此，科学防爆是非常重要的一项工作。

什么是防止爆炸的一般原则？

防止爆炸的一般原则：一是控制混合气体中的可燃物含量处在爆炸极限以外；二是使用惰性气

体取代空气；三是使氧气浓度处于其极限值以下。为此应防止可燃气向空气中泄漏，或防止空

气进入可燃气体中；控制、监视混合气体各组分浓度；装设报警装置和设施。

什么是预防形成爆炸性混合物的措施？

在生产过程中，应根据可燃易燃物质的燃烧特性，以及生产工艺和设备等的条件，采取有效的

措施，预防在设备和系统里或在其周围形成爆炸性混合物。这类措施主要有设备密闭、厂房通

风、惰性气体保护，以不燃溶剂代替可燃溶剂、危险物品隔离储存等。

什么物质取代空气消除了引发爆炸的一大因素？

由于爆炸的形成需要有可燃物质、氧气以及一定的点火能量，用惰性气体取代空气，避免空气

中的氧气进入系统，就消除了引发爆炸的一大因素，从而使爆炸过程不能形成。

惰性气体保护

什么气体为惰性气体？

在化工生产中，采取的惰性气体（或阻燃性气体）主要有氮气、二氧化碳、水蒸气、烟道气等。

什么情况通常需要考虑采用惰性气体保护？

如下情况通常需考虑采用惰性气体介质保护：

（1）可燃固体物质的粉碎、筛选处理及其粉末输送时，采用惰性气体进行覆盖保护。

（2）处理可燃易燃的物料系统，在进料前用惰性气体进行置换，以排除系统中原有的气体，防

止形成爆炸性混合物。

（3）将惰性气体通过管线与火灾爆炸危险的设备、储槽等连接起来，在万一发生危险时使用。

（4）易燃液体利用惰性气体充压输送。

（5）在有爆炸性危险的生产场所，对有可能引起火灾危险的电器、仪表等采用充氮正压保护。

（6）易燃易爆系统检修动火前，使用惰性气体检修吹扫置换。

（7）发现易燃易爆气体泄漏时，采用惰性气体（水蒸气）冲淡。发生火灾时，用惰性气体进行

灭火。

什么是进入惰性气体的效果？

向可燃气体、蒸气或粉尘与空气的混合物中加入惰性气体，可以达到两种效果，一是缩小甚至

消除爆炸极限范围，而是将混合物冲淡。例如，易燃固体物质的压碎、研磨、筛分、混合以及

粉状物料的输送，可以在惰性气体的覆盖下进行；当厂房内充满可燃性物质而具有危险时（如

发生事故使车间、库房充满爆炸危险的气体或蒸气），应向这一地区放送大量惰性气体加以冲

淡；在生产条件；允许的情况下，可燃混合物在处理过程中也应加入惰性气体作为保护气体；

还有用惰性介质充填非防爆电气、仪表；在停车检修或开工生产前，用惰性气体吹扫设备系统

内的可燃物质等。总之，合理利用惰性气体，对防火防爆具有很大的实际作用。采用烟道气时

应经过冷却，并除去氧及残余的可燃组分。氮气等惰性气体在使用前应经过气体分析，其中含

氧量不得超过2%。

Copyright 2016---- all rights reserved “ “ by Andy Fan all rights reserved

Safety knowledge（101）

Fire protection and explosion prevention technology (7) Explosion control

Inert gas protection

Author ：Andyfan

Connecting link：

Previous----Fire protection and explosion prevention technology (6) electrostatic

discharge（2）

Chemical energy and solar energy

This----- Fire protection and explosion prevention technology (7) Explosion

control

Inert gas protection

Next------ Fire protection and explosion prevention technology (8) System closed

and positive pressure operation

Plant ventilation

Abstract:

General principles for preventing explosion: first, control the combustible content

in the mixture gas outside the explosion limit; two use inert gas instead of air;

three, make oxygen concentration below its limit. For this purpose, it is necessary

to prevent gas from leaking into the air or to prevent air from entering combustible

gas; to control and monitor the concentration of each component of the mixed gas;

to set up alarm devices and facilities.

Copyright 2016---- all rights reserved “ “ by Andy Fan all rights reserved

Text:

Fire protection and explosion prevention technology (7) Explosion control

Inert gas protection

Fire prevention and explosion protection technology

Explosion control

What is a very important job in chemical production?

The consequences of the explosion were mostly severe. In chemical production,

the explosion pressure and the spread of fire will not only result in the loss of

production equipment, but also destroy buildings and even cause death. Therefore,

scientific explosion prevention is a very important task.

What is the general principle of explosion prevention?

General principles for preventing explosion: first, control the combustible content

in the mixture gas outside the explosion limit; two use inert gas instead of air;

three, make oxygen concentration below its limit. For this purpose, it is necessary

to prevent gas from leaking into the air or to prevent air from entering combustible

gas; to control and monitor the concentration of each component of the mixed gas;

to set up alarm devices and facilities.

What are the measures to prevent the formation of explosive mixtures?

In the process of production, should be based on the combustion characteristics of

combustible material, and production technology and equipment conditions, take

effective measures to prevent the equipment and systems in or around the

formation of explosive mixture. Such measures are mainly equipment closed,

factory ventilation, inert gas protection, flammable solvents instead of flammable

solvents, hazardous materials, isolation, storage, etc.

What substitute for air removes a major factor in the explosion?

Due to the explosion of combustible materials, which need oxygen and the ignition

energy, replacing air with an inert gas to avoid oxygen in the air to enter the

system, eliminates a major factor which caused the explosion, explosion process

can not form.

Inert gas protection

What gas is an inert gas?

In chemical production, the inert gases (or flame retardant gases) are mainly

nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, flue gas, etc.

What circumstances usually require the use of inert gas protection?

As a result, inert gas medium protection is usually considered:

(1) the crushing, screening and disposal of combustible solid materials and the use

of inert gas for covering and protection during powder transportation.

(2) dealing with flammable and combustible material system, replacing inert gas

before feeding to exclude the original gas in the system, so as to prevent the

formation of explosive mixture.

(3) connecting inert gases through pipelines to fire, explosion, dangerous

equipment, storage tanks and so on, in case of danger.

(4) flammable liquid is filled with inert gas.

(5) in the place where there is explosive danger, nitrogen positive pressure

protection is used for electric appliances and instruments that may cause fire

hazard.

(6) explosive system maintenance fire before using an inert gas purge overhaul.

(7) the use of inert gas (water vapor) to dilute flammable and explosive gases is

found. In case of fire, use inert gas to extinguish the fire.

What is the effect of entering an inert gas?

Two kinds of effects can be achieved by adding inert gas to a mixture of flammable

gas, steam, or dust and air. One is to reduce or even eliminate the explosive limit,

but to dilute the mixture. For example, flammable solids crushing, grinding, sieving,

mixing and conveying of powder material, can be performed in an inert gas under

the cover; when the plant is filled with combustible material and has the danger

(such as accident making workshop and warehouse full of explosive gas or vapor),

should be to the area a large number of broadcasting inert gas to be diluted; in

production conditions; permitting, combustible mixture should also join the inert

gas as protective gas in the process; and using inert medium filling non explosion

proof electrical instrumentation; in the parking overhaul or the start of production,

purging equipment within the system of combustible material with inert gas etc..

In a word, the reasonable use of inert gas has great practical effect on fire

prevention and explosion prevention. Flue gases should be cooled, removed, and

residual combustible components. Inert gases such as nitrogen shall be subjected

to gas analysis before use, in which oxygen content shall not exceed 2%.

Copyright 2016---- all rights reserved “ “ by Andy Fan all rights reserved

本文标签： 惰性气体爆炸保护采用可燃