第九单元单词

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2024年1月22日发(作者：)

Lesson Nine --- word study

1. Astound

v. to astonish and bewilder 震惊，极为惊讶和迷惑不解

He was astounded when he heard his son had taken drugs.

他听说他儿子吸毒,不禁大为惊讶。

总结关于吃惊的单词：如surprised, amazed, astonished startled, shocked, frightened,

dumfounded, flabbergasted, taken aback,

【Derivation】Astounding adj.令人惊骇的

astoundment n.震惊, 惊讶

2. barbarian: n.

1) a person who is primitive or uncivilized原始人

2) A fierce, brutal, or cruel person凶暴、粗野或残酷的人

3) An insensitive, uncultured person; a boor没有文化的人；乡巴佬

【Derivation】barbaric/barbarous adj.

barbarism n.野蛮，未开化

barbarity n.残暴的行为,

残忍

barbarianize v.使野蛮化,

使变成野蛮人

barbarization n.野蛮化

【Synonyms】brutal, uncivilized, primitive, savage

3. bosom

n. The chest of a human being 胸部

He held the sleepy child to his bosom.

他把昏昏欲睡的小孩抱在怀里

strain sb. to one's bosom [breast, heart] 把某人紧抱在怀里

in the bosom of one's family一家团聚, 享天伦之乐

adj. Beloved; intimate心爱的；亲密的：

a bosom friend 一个亲密的朋友

A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near.

海内存知己,天涯若比邻

v. 怀抱，隐匿

She bosomed her letter. 她把信揣在怀里。

4. Bound

n.跃进, 跳, 范围, 限度(pl.)

beyond the bounds of reason 超出理性的范围

out of bounds超越限度；禁止入内

This area is out of bounds to persons not concerned.

这一地区禁止闲人入内。

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Lesson Nine --- word study

He made progress in maths by leaps and bounds.

他数学进步飞快。

He cleared the hedge at one bound.

他一跃跳过了篱笆。

adj.正要启程的, 开往...去的(for)；被束缚的；肯定的；装订的

This train is bound for Shanghai.

这列火车是开往上海的。

be bound to one's job

Just wars are bound to triumph over wars of aggression.

正义战争必然要战胜侵略战争。

The marriage on the basis of money is bound to break up.

建立在金钱基础上的婚姻肯定要破裂的。

v.跳跃, 限制；以…为界；在规定范围内

The young animals were bounding about the field.

这些小动物在地上跳着跑。

His heart bounded with excitement.

他兴奋得心头砰砰直跳。

The US is bounded on the north by Canada and on the south by Mexico.

美国北面与加拿大相邻,南面与墨西哥毗连。

5. decorate:

vt. to put things in a room or house to make it more beautiful,

e.g. We decorated the Christmas tree with lights.

Be decorated with

【Derivation】decorator n. 油漆工

decorative adj.

装饰的

decoration n.

装饰,

装饰品

【synonyms】adorn; ornament; beautify; trim

6. Egoist n. One devoted to one's own interests and advancement; an egocentric person

自私自利的人;自大者

Synonym: ; egocentric adj.自我中心的, 利己主义的n.利己主义者

Antonym: Altruist n.利他主义者, 爱他主义者

Egoism n.自我主义, 利己主义

Egotism n.自我中心, 自尊自大

Egoistic adj.自我中心的, 自私自利的

egotistic]adj.自我本位的, 任性的, 自高自大的

7. Exasperate v.

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Lesson Nine --- word study

1) To make very angry or impatient; annoy greatly 激怒；令人恼怒

The teachers were exasperated at / by Bob's cheat in the examination.

教师们对鲍勃考试作弊的行为非常恼怒。

2) To increase the gravity or intensity of 使加剧；增加严重性或紧张程度

Synonym: aggravate- anger- annoy- infuriate- irritate- madden-vex

8. grimace

n. an ugly twisted expression on the face to cause laughter or to show pain面部的歪扭, 鬼脸

Bernie gave a grimace of disgust and left the room.

make grimaces作怪相

vi To make a sharp contortion of the face扮鬼脸, 作苦相 ~ (at sb/sth)

She grimaced in/with distaste at the thought of it.

The clown grimaced at the children.

小丑向孩子们做鬼脸。

9. haunt v.

1) To inhabit, visit, or appear to in the form of a ghost or other supernatural being.

以鬼魂或其它超自然物体的形式居住、拜访或出现；闹鬼

The old castle is said to be haunted.

这座古堡据说有鬼魂出没。

A haunted house闹鬼的房子

2) To visit often; frequent 经常拜访；常去

haunt the movie theaters经常去电影院

3) To come to mind continually; obsess时常萦绕心头；使困窘：

a riddle that haunted me all morning一个困扰我整个上午的谜语

I was haunted by his last words to me.

他向我说的最后的话萦绕在我的心头。

10. infuriate:

vt. To make sb extremely angry

I was infuriated at their constant criticism. 对...极为愤怒

It infuriated me to think of the money we’ve wasted.

infuriating adj. infuriation n.激昂, 激怒

11. loathe:

v. hate sth very much厌恶, 憎恶

I loathe washing dishes. 我讨厌洗盘子。

Loathsome adj. 令人讨厌的；令人厌恶的

Synonyms: dislike; abhor; abominate; detest

Antonym: adore

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Lesson Nine --- word study

12. luxury

n. sth that is expensive and enjoyable, but not essential,

e.g. a luxury hotel/flat; live in luxury; live/lead a life of luxury

luxurious adj.

cf. extravagance

13. maniac n.

(1) mad person; wild and foolish person

(2) (derog) person with extreme liking (for sth)

e.g. She’s a football maniac.

maniacal adj : violently mad; extremely enthusiastic

e.g. maniacal behavior, a maniacal expression on his face

14. melancholy:

adj. very sad, causing sadness

A funeral is a melancholy occasion.

n. Sadness or depression of the spirits; gloom忧郁；忧郁症

A profound melancholy seized her.一阵极度的凄伤袭上她的心头。

15. peel

v. 剥…的皮；脱皮；脱落

to peel an apple/a banana

The wallpaper is peeling off.

壁纸在剥落下来。

These potatoes peel easily.

这些土豆的皮很容易削。（主动表被动）

【比较】

to peel potatoes去土豆皮

to husk the rice除大米的稻壳

to shell the peas剥豆荚

to weed the garden除去花园内的杂草

to skin a cat, to gut the fish给猫剥皮，取鱼的内脏

to dust the tables除去桌上的灰尘

【辨析】

Pare: To remove the outer covering or skin of with a knife or similar instrument

pare an apple

Skin: To remove skin from剥掉动物的毛皮

skin and gut the rabbit剥掉兔子的皮并取出它的内脏

strip脱掉（衣服）；裸露；脱衣舞表演

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Lesson Nine --- word study

16. prick v.

1) To puncture lightly轻刺

The thorns of roses prick rather badly.

2) To affect with a mental or emotional pang, as of sorrow or remorse

受精神或感情上痛苦的影响，如懊悔或内疚

Her conscience began to prick her.她受良心的谴责

3) To cause to stand erect or point upward使站直或坚起

prick up竖起

The spires of churches prick up through the greenery.

教堂的尖顶耸立在绿树丛中。

His voice pricked up in surprise.

他惊讶得连嗓音都变尖了。

The dogs pricked their ears.

狗竖起了耳朵 (专注地听；以极大的兴趣听)

kick against the pricks以卵击石; 做无用的抱怨

17. scrape v.

1) To remove an outer layer from a surface by forceful strokes of an edged or rough instrument

刮除

Scrape the mud off your shoes with this knife.

用这把小刀把你鞋上的土刮去。

2) To injure the surface of by rubbing against something rough or sharp

碰到粗糙或者锋利的东西使表面刮破

scrape my knee on the sidewalk我的膝盖在人行道上刮破了

He scraped the side of his car. 他刮坏了汽车一侧。

3) To succeed or manage with difficulty 勉强通过; 艰难地获胜或通过

scrape through by a narrow margin勉强过关

scrape the bottom of the barrel退而求其次

18. slumber v. / n.

1）To sleep睡觉

The baby slumbered in his cradle.婴儿安睡在摇篮中。

slumber away one's time 以睡眠度过时光

fall into slumber 入睡

2）To be dormant or quiescent处于静止或休眠；(火山)不活跃;沉睡

关于睡觉的几个词汇

Sleep； rest休息； doze / drowse / snooze瞌睡； nap打盹，小睡；

19. unfold vt. / vi.

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Lesson Nine --- word study

1) 展开, 打开, 铺开(折叠物)

unfold a map 摊开地图

unfold one's arms张开双臂

Spring flowers unfolded everywhere. 春天的花四处绽放(vi.)

2) 显露; 表明

Unfold one's intentions表明意向

The solution to the problem unfolded as they spoke.

当他们发言时，问题的解答就出现了

The landscape unfolded before me.

风景展现在我的眼前。

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