2012年考研英语一真题及答案完整解析

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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）

2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and

mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and

mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an

important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the

rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices

acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and

impartial.

Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of

activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial

judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code.

At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to

the rest of the federal judiciary.

This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a

_9_between the court and politics.

The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart

from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to

_12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system

was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely

_14_.

Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in

fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with

social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why

decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.

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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）

The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making

themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to

be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.

1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize

2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless

3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated

4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted

5.

[A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded

6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone

7.

[A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies

8.

[A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle

9.

[A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict

10.

[A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards

11.

[A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though

12.

[A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace

13.

[A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer

14.

[A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied

15.

[A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions

16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls

17.

[A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted

18.

[A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore

19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable

20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a result

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing

A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）

Text 1

Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half

forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to

no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg

contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social

cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help

individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.

Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in

action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the

Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known

as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.

The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her

critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to

mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously

flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!”

pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among

teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues

convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers,

so skilled at applying peer pressure.

But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less

persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough

exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so

powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it

doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state

funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is

limited and mixed.

There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An

emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread

through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure:

we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer

groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up

the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The

tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the

outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.

21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as

[A] a supplement to the social cure

[B] a stimulus to group dynamics

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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）

[C] an obstacle to school progress

[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors

22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should

[A] recruit professional advertisers

[B] learn from advertisers’ experience

[C] stay away from commercial advertisers

[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements

23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to

[A] adequately probe social and biological factors

[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure

[C] illustrate the functions of state funding

[D]produce a long-lasting social effect

24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors

[A] is harmful to our networks of friends

[B] will mislead behavioral studies

[C] occurs without our realizing it

[D] can produce negative health habits

25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is

[A] harmful

[B] desirable

[C] profound

[D] questionable

Text 2

A deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major

energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it

announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear

regulations.

Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not

challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate

effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. It’s a stunning move.

The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont’s

only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state

approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to

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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）

operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the

plant’s license be subject to Vermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, the company went

along.

Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t

foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a

cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised

serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management–

especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by

Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an

extension.

Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of

the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over

nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has

ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say

that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend.

Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every

state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the

point.

The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is

already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state.

But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a poblic

trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim

Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has

applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the

Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the company’s application, it

should keep it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.

26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line .1) is closest in meaning to

[A] condemning.

[B] reaffirming.

[C] dishonoring.

[D] securing.

27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to

[A] obtain protection from Vermont regulators.

[B] seek favor from the federal legislature.

[C] acquire an extension of its business license .

[D] get permission to purchase a power plant.

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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）

28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its

[A] managerial practices.

[B] technical innovativeness.

[C] financial goals.

[D] business vision

29. In the author’s view, the Vermont case will test

[A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its promises.

[B] the mature of states’ patchwork regulations.

[C] the federal authority over nuclear issues .

[D] the limits of states’ power over nuclear issues.

30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that

[A] Entergy’s business elsewhere might be affected.

[B] the authority of the NRC will be defied.

[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.

[D] Vermont’s reputation might be damaged.

Text 3

In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be

observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out

their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an

ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context

of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience,

what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for

misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.

Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly

staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and

acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility

process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s

anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.

Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But,

unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the

complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors

and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use

the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists)

receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim

works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and

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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）

competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s

discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.

Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific

work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as

incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation

of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not

surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that

appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and

potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself

frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert

Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and

thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought

and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes

years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and

appreciated.

In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim – a process that corresponds to

what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason

together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s

conceptions of reason.”

31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by

its

[A] uncertainty and complexity.

[B] misconception and deceptiveness.

[C] logicality and objectivity.

[D] systematicness and regularity.

32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires

[A] strict inspection.

[B]shared efforts.

[C] individual wisdom.

[D]persistent innovation.

aph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it

[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.

[B]has been examined by the scientific community.

[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.

[D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.

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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）

34. Albert Szent-Györgyi would most likely agree that

[A] scientific claims will survive challenges.

[B]discoveries today inspire future research.

[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified.

[D]scientific work calls for a critical mind.

of the following would be the best title of the test?

[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.

[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.

[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.

[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.

Text 4

If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably

represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960,

only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do.

In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their

fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector

workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.

There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thriving. First, they can

shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second,

they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector

workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre

politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name

implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed

Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.

At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark

Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the

state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’ unions keep an eye on

schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.

In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in

the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices.

Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the

pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are

already generous.

Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in

education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out

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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）

battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is

the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of

bad ones and promoting good ones.

As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to

clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters

against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the

public sector suffer under the current system, too.

John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of

culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for

high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above

$250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United

States. Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a

public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger

problem for America.

36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that

[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.

[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.

[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.

[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.

37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?

[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.

[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership.

[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.

[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.

38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is

[A] illegally secured.

[B] indirectly augmented.

[C] excessively increased.

[D]fairly adjusted.

39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions

[A]often run against the current political system.

[B]can change people’s political attitudes.

[C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.

[D]are dominant in the government.

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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）

40. John Donahue’s attitude towards the public-sector system is one of

[A]disapproval.

[B]appreciation.

[C]tolerance.

[D]indifference.

Part B

Directions:

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the

most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two

extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.

（10 points）

Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and

realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a

brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to

wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.

The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors,

entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a

typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio,

the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)

The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as

the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and

critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.

But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with

caution. (42)I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there

are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second,

the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the

significance of what they are doing.

All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests.

Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans

are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to

create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous

experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)

For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in

download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production

remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group

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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）

commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just

consume. (44)

Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television

asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.

(45)

What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of

"stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.

[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture

and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture

requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself

of a defining constituent of humanity.

[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words

and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add

stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.

[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium

they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of

people every day.

[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading

and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will

shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.

[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format

being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.

[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past

half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium -

television - and television is defined by downloading.

[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to

encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into

Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10

points)

Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized

the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines

science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of

different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.

(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme,

and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we is

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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）

becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given

the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts

remains a major goal.

This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social

sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans

share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could

also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of

human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps

the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are

governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is

shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and

what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.

That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits

published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of

Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two

previous attempts to find universality in language.

The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who

suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity

that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to

unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can

learn it so quickly.

(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to

universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many

language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive

constraints

Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family

trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s

grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the

family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality

predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations.

Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the

structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals

Section III Writing

Part A

51. Directions:

Some internationals students are coming to your university. Write them an

email in the name of the Students’ Union to

1)

extend your welcome and

2)

provide some suggestions for their campus life here.

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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER not sign your name

at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.

Do not write the address(10 points)

Part B

52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your

essay you should

1) describe the drawing briefly

2) explain its intended meaning, and

3) give your comments

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20 points）

1.【答案】B

【解析】从空后信息可以看出，这句表达的是“_ _法官表现得像政治家”

的情况下，法庭就不能保持其作为法律法规的合法卫士的形象，所以应该选

C,maintain“维持，保持”，其他显然语义不通。

2.【答案】A

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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）

【解析】从第三段可以看出，文章认为法院和政治之间应该是有界限的。所

以这里应该是当法官像政治家一样行事，模糊了二者之间的区别时，就失去了其

作为法律卫士的合法性。只有B，when表示这个意思。

3.【答案】B

【解析】第二段给的具体事例说明，法官出现在政治活动中会使法官形象受

损，影响他们独立、公正的名声。只有B，weaken能表示这个意思。

4.【答案】D

【解析】空前信息显示，法官出席政治活动会让法院的审判收到影响，人们

就会认为其审判不公正，所以选D，be “被认为是”。

5.【答案】C

【解析】空所在的语境为：产生这样的问题，部分原因在于“法官没有_ _

道德规范”。后一句话说，至少法院应该遵守行为规范，这显然是进一步说明上

一句话。所以上一句是说法官没有受到道德规范的约束，选C，bound。

6.【答案】B

【解析】根据解析5可以看出，这里应该是说遵守行为规范，subject与to

连用，表示“服从某物，受…支配”。故本题选B。

7.【答案】D

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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）

【解析】分析句子结构可知，这里是由that引导的定语从句修饰说明前面

的行为规范，是说法院也应当遵守适用于其他联邦司法部的行为规范。apply to

“适用于”符合题意。resort to “求助于”;stick to “坚持(原则等)”语意不

通。

8.【答案】B

【解析】空所在的语境为，类似这样的案例提出了这样一个问题：法院和政

治之间是否还存在着界限。提出问题，产生问题用只能选raise。

9.【答案】A

【解析】根据第8题可知，空内应填line，“界限”。 barrier “障碍”，

similarity“相似性”，conflict“冲突”都不合题意。

10.【答案】B

【解析】根据句意，宪法的起草者们预想的是将司法从政治中分出来，让其

享有独立的权力。envision as “将…想象成…”。所以选B。

11.【答案】A

【解析】本题考察逻辑搭配。本选项答案的确定需结合前句意思，制宪者旨

在使法律不受政治的任何影响，这样一来，法官就可以免受掌权者的影响了。此

空就是考察由此所带来的结果，故选[A]。

12.【答案】C

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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）

【解析】此题承接上题，可知法律不受政治的影响，从而法官也不用担心掌

权者(those in power)。

13.【答案】C

【解析】此题承接上题, 结合句意, 可知该半句主要表达“法官也无需政治

支持了。”选项C最符题意。

14.【答案】D

【解析】此题考察词意辨析。原句表达“我们的法律体系是法律完全不受政

治的影响，是因为这两者是紧密。。。”。结合句意思，[D]最合题意.

15.【答案】A

【解析】此题考察词意辨析。文中说“宪法具有政治性，是因其的选择都是

植根于诸如自由，财产之类的基本社会。。。中。”自由，财产是西方社会的一

些基本社会理念或概念，故选[A]。

16.【答案】C

【解析】此题考察词意辨析。首先分析该句，可知空白处添加上一动词可构

成一定语从句，限定“the law”。其次，文中语境表达“当法律处理社会政策

决策问题时，。。。的法律不可避免的具有政治性。四个选项中，[C]为最佳答

案。

17.【答案】A

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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）

【解析】此题考察词意辨析。可由文中语境得知，该半句主要表达“这也就

解释了为何背离思想路线的决策被看作是不公正的，从而被轻易的….”。结合语

境，以及四个选项的意思，可知[A]最佳。

18.【答案】C

【解析】此题考察词意辨析。由文中语境可知该句主要表达“法官必须。。。

有关法庭(裁决的)公正合理的质疑。”四个选项中，仅[C]符合题意。

19.【答案】D

【解析】本题考察短语搭配及相似短语辨析。四个选项均可与连用，其中

accessible to 易接近的;可归属的;可得到的可归因的

amiable to可亲，多指人和蔼可亲，易于接近

agreeable to欣然同意的;适合的，适宜的

accountable to对…负责

此题的理解需承接整个句, 首先此空所在后半句乃一方式状语，承接前半句

说明法官怎样来解决有关法庭(裁决的)公正合理的质疑。将此四个选项分别代

入，可得出正确答案[D]，法官只有对对行为准则负责，也即是遵循一定的行为

准则才可确保其裁决的公正与合理。

20.【答案】D

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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）

【解析】此题考察逻辑搭配。此句承接上句，旨在说明由此带来的结果，也

即是文中所说的“。。。使得裁决看起来完全不受政治的影响，如法律一般令人

信服。” 结合四个选项意思，可知选[D]。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

21.【答案】D

【解析】文章首段包含了两方面的内容，作者先简单介绍Peer pressure，

再引出Tina Rosenberg在她的新书Join the Club中对于peer pressure的看

法，这篇文章是以一篇书评的形式出现。而题目“根据第一段，同伴压力的出现

常常是…”问的仅仅是同伴压力，并无涉及到Tina Rosenberg或者她的新书，

因此答案则应主要涉及文章对于peer pressure的介绍，而非Tina对于peer

pressure的看法。首段第三句说“(同伴压力)通常引起不好的事情，如酗酒，嗑

药，乱交”，故答案选D，说明同伴压力出现导致的结果，这里的答案使用了同

义替换的方式。

22.【答案】B

【解析】根据题干关键词“public-health advocates”可以定位到第三段

最后一句话“Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates

ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer

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