2012年考研英语一真题及参考答案

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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on

ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue

recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave

like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for

being independent and impartial.

Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes

it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is

that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to

the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.

This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court

and politics.

The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics.

They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have

no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics

precisely because they are so closely _14_.

Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social

_15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_

is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as

unjust.

The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the

code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,

_20_, convincing as law.

1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize

2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless

3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated

4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted

5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded

6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone

7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies

8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle

9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict

10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards

11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though

12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace

13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer

14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied

15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions

16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls

17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted

18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore

19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable

20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a result

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark

your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is

what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no

good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends

that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which

organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their

lives and possibly the word.

Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in

action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze

sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as

LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.

The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the

lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for

healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.‖ Dare to be

different, please don’t smoke!‖ pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among

teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that

public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the

Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and

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