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2024年4月21日发(作者:)
And 与 but 的用法
一、and的用法
and是一个极为普通的连词,被用来连接语法上同类的词、短语或句子。初学者一碰到and,往往理解为
“和”,其实and意义丰富,可表示各种不同的关系。
1.表示并列,译为“和;与;以及;并”。如:Sit where you can see and hear well./ He felt
cold and hungry.
2.表示连贯,可译成“就;可是;然后;后来”等。如:The two women lay down and soon fell
asleep./ He studied technology in his spare time and became a lawyer.
3.表示递进,可表示“并且;而且;甚至”等意思。如:She works quickly and accurately./ The
Chinese workers have the ability to do what others can do and what others can not do.
4.表示转折或对比,可表示“而;但;却”等意思,相当于yet或but。如:I gave her $10 and yet
she was not satisfied./ He is lazy and his brother is diligent.
5.表示因果、结果,意为“所以;因此;因而;以致”。如:He took some medicine and was sick./
He was sick and he took some medicine.
6.表示目的。如:I'll go and fetch some water./ Run and tell him to come here at once.
二、but 的用法
but 一词既可作连词、介词、副词用,又有一些习惯搭配和固定用法,现对其用法作以下归纳。
1、用作连词
1). 用作等立连词,使其前后的词、短语、分句相互对照,作“但是,然而,可是”解。例如:
She is young but very experienced. 她虽然年轻但经验丰富。
2). 用于表示歉意的话语之后,表示谢绝或不赞成。例如:
I'm sorry, but I disagree with you. 对不起,我不同意你的意见。
3). 用于两个并列的分句之间,与前面的否定词形成对比,作“无……而不……”解。如:
It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已,一雨倾盆。
I never go past that house but I think of my miserable life in the old society.
我走过那所房子时,没有一次不想起我在旧社会所过的悲惨生活。
2、用作介词
1). 与 no , nobody , nothing , none , who 等词连用,作“除……之外”解,用来排除同类中
的一分子,或从整体中除去一部分。例如:
Nobody knew her but me. 除我以外,没有人认识她。
Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan. 这个计划只能带来灾难,别无益处。
2). but 前面有 do 的某种形式时, but 后面的动词不定式要省略 to ;其前没有 do 的某种形式时,
but 后面的不定式要带 to 。例如:
We had no choice but to wait. 除了等待,我们别无选择。
He did nothing all day long but watch TV. 一整天,他除了看电视,别无他事可做。
3). 与 last , next 及 one , two 等连用,作“倒数第二、第三”等解。例如:
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Jack was the last but one to arrive. 杰克是倒数第二个到达的。
3、用作副词
1). 意思上相当于 only ,后面跟名词或动词。例如:
Tom is but a child. 汤姆只是个孩子。
We can but try now. 我们现在只有尝试一遍。
2). but 出现在 too … to …结构前面时,不定式含肯定意义。例如:
I'm but too glad to go there with you. 我非常高兴和你一起去那里。
4、含 but 的习惯用语
1). but for = without ,意为“要不是;如果没有”,意思上相当于一个虚拟条件句。例如:
But for the rain (If it hadn't rained), we would have had a pleasant journey.
要不是天下雨,我们这次旅行就惬意了。
But for your help, we couldn't have carried out the plan.
如果没有你的帮助,我们不可能实现那个计划。
2). but that = except that ,意为“若非;要不是”,引导虚拟条件状语从句。例如:
He would have helped me but that he was short of money at that time.
要不是他那时候没钱,他会帮助我的。
3). but then = on the other hand ,意为“不过;在另一方面”。例如:
London is a noisy place, but then it's also a place where you get the best entertainment. 伦
敦是个闹市,不过它也是能够给你最好娱乐的地方。
4). nothing but = only ,意为“只;不过是”。例如:
We could see nothing but water. 我们只能看见水。
5). not … but …意为“不是……而是……”,连接两个并列的名词、形容词、副词、短语或分句等。
例如:
My bag is not black but red. 我的书包不是黑色的而是红色的。
He failed not because he isn't clever but because he didn't work hard.
他失败了,不是因为他不聪明而是因为他工作不努力。
6). no … but 意为“没有……不……”。例如:
No child but likes Old Li in our village. 没有孩子不喜欢我们村里的老李。
7). not only … but also … 意为“不但……而且……;既……又……”,连接两个并列成分。例如:
Not only you but also she has to attend the meeting. 不但你而且她也得参加这次会议。
He not only teaches us English but also does other things for us.
他不但教我们英语,而且还为我们干别的事情。
8). not that … but that …意为“不是因为……而是因为……”。例如:
Not that the car is out of order, but that I've not learned to drive.
不是汽车出了故障,而是我还没有学会开车。
9). can't help but do … 意为“不能不……;忍不住……”。例如:
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I can't help but cry. 我忍不住哭了。
10). all but 意为“除……外全都,几乎”。例如:
All but mother in my family can speak English. 除母亲外,我的一家人都会说英语。
His theory is all but correct. 他的理论几乎是正确的。
11). anything but 意为“不见得,决不”。例如:
He is anything but a good headmaster. 他不见得是个好校长。
This car is anything but beautiful. 这辆小汽车根本不漂亮。
12). but now 意为“刚刚,适才”。例如:
I saw him in the office but now. 我刚刚看见他在办公室。
I heard the commander talk about you but now. 适才听得司令讲到您。
13). can (or could) but 意为“只能,只好”。例如:
His father can but know a few letters. 他的父亲只能认几个字母。
The old lady could but walk slowly with a stick. 那个老太太只能拄着拐杖慢慢地朝前走。
14). can (or could) not but 意为“不得不,忍不住”。例如:
I could not but tell him about it. 我不得不告诉他这件事。
Seeing her husband's funny face, she could not but laugh.看见丈夫的滑稽面孔,她忍不住大笑
起来。
15). cannot (or could not) choose but 意为“不得不,必须”。例如:
They could not choose but obey. 他们除了服从外别无选择。
16). never … but 意为“每当……就……”。例如:
He never sees Miss Wang but he thinks of his friend, Xiao Ya.
每当见到王女士时,他就想起他的朋友小雅来。
Her brother never comes, but he asks her for money. 她兄弟来时,总是向她要钱。
17). next but one 意为“再下一个”。例如:
They used to live in the next house but one to me. 他们住在我隔壁的隔壁。
18). no one but 意为“除了……外,谁也不”。例如:
No one but a madman would say such words. 除了疯子,谁也不会说这样的话。
19). not so … (such a … ) but (that) …意为“没有到(不能……)”。例如:
His English is not so bad but he can make himself understood.
他的英语还不至于差到不能把自己的意思讲清楚的地步。
I'm not so foolish (not such a fool) but (that) I can see what he really meant.
我还没有笨到听不懂他话中的真正含义的地步。
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