PET形容词最高级和比较级

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2023年12月25日发(作者：)

思睿博教育剑桥通用五级语法讲义

PET Unit7 Comparative and Superlative of adjective/Adverb

一: 形容词/副词的位置及其区别：

A:形容词的位置：

在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后

口诀：(有be用形有形用

B:副词的位置：

一般放在be动词，形容词或实义动词的后面，位置比较灵活，修饰形容词，副词，动词

二：形容词、副词的比较级和最高级范围：

◆比较级只能用在两者之间进行比较，表示“比较..”

◆最高级是三者或者三者以上的比较，表示“最…”最高级前面一定要加the.

三: 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化：

分为规则变化和不规则变化;

★ A: 规则变化：(比较级结尾以er结尾，最高级结尾以est结尾)

变化规律 形容词 副词

1:大多数形容词的short—shorter— fast—faster—fastest

比较级一般在词尾tall—taller—tallest

直接加er，最高级在词尾加est

2:以字母e 结尾的nice—nicer—nicest late—later--latest

形容词比较级加r，late—later—latest

最高级在词尾加st large—larger—largest

3：以辅音字母加yearly—earlier—earliest early—earlier--earliest

结尾的形容词变yheavy— heavier—heaviest;

为i比较级加--er , busy—busier—busiest

最高级加—est

4：以重读闭音节以big—bigger—biggest;

一个元音字母和一fat—fatter—fattest;

个辅音字母结尾:应hot—hotter—hottest;

双写末尾的辅音字thin—thinner—thinnest;

母，比较级再加最高级加est

5: 多音节形容词beautiful—more slowly—more

或部分双音节形容beautiful—most beautiful slowly—most slowly

词变比较级在前面important—more carfully—more

加more,最高级在important—most beautiful carefully—most varfully

前加most

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思睿博教育剑桥通用五级语法讲义

◆B: 不规则的变化;

形容词原级 副词原形 比较级 最高级

good well better best

many/much much more most

little little less least

ill/bad/ badly worse worst

far far farther/further farthest/furthest

old older/elder oldest/eldest

注：older 一般指年龄大小 / elder指长幼关系(一般修饰名词作定语

My father is older than my mother.

My elder brother is a driver.

farther指距离更远/further指抽像的.

I want to study English further.

further reading

四：句型运用：

A: 比较级基本句型：

★1：原级比较（同级比较）：

词性 肯定形式

形容词 A+be动词+as/ so＋形容词的原级＋as +B

副词 A+实义动词+as/ so＋副词的原级＋as+B

注意：

★第一个as前可用just，almost，nearly和half等表示程度。

★当as… as中间有名词时,采用以下格式

否定形式

A+be动词否定（+not）+ as/so＋形容词的原级＋as+B

A+助动词not+实义动词（根据具体时态）+ as/so＋副词的原级＋as+B

He doesn’t study half so hard as you.

I am as good as he is.

as+adj.+ a/an+可数名词单数 +as

as much+不可数名词+as，

as many+可数名词复数＋as ------和…… 一样多的某物

He is as good an example as his brother.

Bob read as ____ books as Mary.

There is as ______ water in this bottle as in that bottle.

2、带than的结构：

词性 形容词 举例

形容词 A+be动词+ 形容词的比较级＋than B Tom is taller than John

副词 A+实义动词+副词比较级+than B

You look better than he

★比较级前可用much(…的多) far（非常）, a lot, a little, even(更…)、still（更…）、a bit(…一点儿) 等表示程度,不能使用very，quite.

举例：This city is much more beautiful than that one

Today is even hotter than yesterday.

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思睿博教育剑桥通用五级语法讲义

She sings much better than the others.

Now I read a little faster than before.

★牢记：比较级的前两个句子可以进行互换：（PET 写作1的考点）

形容词互换结构 举例

A+be动词否定（+not）+ as/so＋形容词Skateboarding is not as/so dangerous

的原级＋as+B=

as cycling.=

B +be动词+more+多音节的形容词比较Cycling is more dangerous than

级+than B

skateboarding.=

A +be动词+less+多音节的形容词比较级Skateboarding is less dangerous than

cycling.

+ than B=

副词互换结构 举例

A+助动词的否定（+not）+实义动词+

The others didn’t sing as confidently

as/so＋副词的原级＋as+B=

as Mara.=

B +实义动词 +more+多音节的副词比较Mara sang more confidently than the

级+than B others.=

A +实义动词+less+多音节的副词比较级The others sang less confidently than

Mara.

+ than B=

★注意：less…than…译为“…不如…”，属于降级比较，less后必须用原级，不要一看到than就用比较级。比较下面的句子:

今天没有昨天冷---哪个正确？

1) Today is less colder than yesterday.

2) Today is less cold than yesterday.

★/Who is/含有实义动词的疑问句 + 比较级, A or B ?

举例：Which is easier, maths or English?

Who will do better, Patrick or Sarh?

★4、A+ be动词/实意动词+the +比较级 + of the two.两者中较…的一个。

举例：Tom is the taller of the two boys.

Patrick does better of the two boys.

★5、比较级+ and + 比较级， “越来越…”

举例：Now it is hotter and hotter.

China will get better and better.

★6、“The + 比较级+主语+谓语，the + 比较级+主语+谓语” “越…，就越…”

The more , the better. 越多越好。

The more you eat, the fatter you will become.你吃得越多，你就越容易变胖

The more exercise you do, the healthier you will become

B: 形容词、副词最高级的用法

★1、◆A+ be动词+the+形容词的最高级+ of/in/among(在..之间) (三者及以上范围的)

◆A+实义动词+副词的最高级＋in(范围) /of(同类) /among(在..之间)

举例：My mother is the busiest in my family

You came (the) latest yesterday.

★2、Which/Who is the + 最高级,A ,B or C ?

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思睿博教育剑桥通用五级语法讲义

举例：Which is the biggest , the moon, the earth or the sun ?

★3：A+be动词+one of the + 形容词最高级+名词复数表示“最……之一”

举例：He is one of the tallest boy in the class.

★4：A+be动词+the +序数词+ 形容词最高级+名词 “第……最……”

举例：It is the second highest building in the world.

★注意：形容词最高级前面一定要加the，副词最高级前的the可以省略。

★牢记：比较级和最高级之前的互换：（写作1考点）

比较级和最高级的转换句型 举例

A +be +形容词的最高级 in (among/ of)…= He is the tallest in my class.=

A +be+形容词的比较级+than any other+单数He is taller than any other

名词/anyone else student..

A +实义动词+副词的最高级in(among /of)..= He runs fastest among them.=

A +实义动词+副词的比较级+than any other+He yuns faster than any other

单数名词/anyone else student.

二; 常见表示地点和方向的介词;

表示地点的介词 inside(在…里面) outside(在…外面) opposite在…对面 by在…旁边 behind在…的后面 under在…的下面 in front of在…的前面 in(在…的里面) in the corner of (在..的中央)

next to在..旁边 between 在…之间 near靠近… beside在…旁边

表示方向的介词 up(向上) down（向下）on(在…表面上) off离开… along沿着

around围绕 under在…的下面 through穿过（从事物的内部穿过） over(在…的上面)

三：询问路线：

问路的问Can /Could you help me, please? I need to find…(a petrol station)

句

Excuse me, can /could you tell me the way to …(the park)?

Excuse me, where is the …?

Excuse me, how can I get to the …?

Can you please give me the direction from…to…

如何指路 Turn left (right) at the …(roundabout / crossroads / first crossing)

Take the first turning on the left (right)=turn left at the first crossing

Go straight on直走

Go/walk straight down this road沿着这条路直走

Go /walk down …street to the ….沿着…街到…

Walk /go past the …经过

Walk across the ….穿过

It’s a one-way street单行道街道

It’s a pedestrian area人行道区域

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