TRIPS_与贸易有关的知识产权协定中英文对照

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2024年1月7日发(作者：)

TRIPS: TEXT OF THE AGREEMENT

Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of

Intellectual Property Rights

与贸易有关的知识产权协定

（ TRIPS协定是1994年4月15日在摩洛哥马拉喀什签署的《成立世界贸易组织马拉喀什协定》中的附件1C。）

The TRIPS Agreement is Annex 1C of the , signed in Marrakesh, Morocco on 15 April 1994.

与贸易有关的知识产权协定的前言

to the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

第一部份 总那么和大体原那么

PART I

第二部份 关于知识产权的效劳、范围和应用时的标准

PART II

1.

高作权和相关的权利

2.

商标

3.

地理标识

4.

工业品外观设计

5.

专利

6.

集成电路布局设计（拓扑图）

7.

对未公布信息的爱惜

8. 对许可契约中限制竞争行为的抑制

第三部份 知识产权的实施

PART III

1.

大体责任

2.

民事和行政程序及其救济方法

3.

临时方法

4.

与边境方法相关的专门要求

5.

刑事程序

第四部份 知识产权的取得和维持以及当事人之间的相关程序

PART IV Acquisition and Maintenance of Intellectual Property Rights and Related

Inter-Partes Procedures

第五部份 争端的幸免和解决

PART V

第六部份 过渡性安排

PART VI

第七部份 机构安排；最后条款

PART VII

全数成员，Members,

因期望减少国际贸易中的被扭曲与障碍，以为必需提高知识产权有效和充分的爱惜，并应同时确保知识产权行施中的方法和程序其本身不成为合法贸易中的障碍；因此确认需要以下方面的新规则和自律准那么：

Desiring to reduce distortions and impediments to international trade, and taking into account the need to

promote effective and adequate protection of intellectual property rights, and to ensure that measures and

procedures to enforce intellectual property rights do not themselves become barriers to legitimate trade;

Recognizing, to this end, the need for new rules and disciplines concerning:

(a) 关于《1994年关贸总协定（GATT）》和有关国际知识产权协定或公约大体原那么的应用；

the applicability of the basic principles of GATT 1994 and of relevant international

intellectual property agreements or conventions;

(b) 关于涉及贸易的知识产权的效力、范围和应用的适用标准和原那么性规定;

the provision of adequate standards and principles concerning the availability, scope

and use of trade-related intellectual property rights;

(c)

关于在考虑各国法律制度之间不同的前提下，实施涉及贸易的知识产权时有效与适宜方

式的规定；

the provision of effective and appropriate means for the enforcement of trade-related

intellectual property rights, taking into account differences in national legal systems;

(d) 关于多边参与幸免和解决政府间争端的有效与迅速的反映程序的规定；和

the provision of effective and expeditious procedures for the multilateral prevention

and settlement of disputes between governments; and

(e) 关于为充分分享国际谈判的成果所进行的过渡性安排；

transitional arrangements aiming at the fullest participation in the results of the

negotiations;

且确认，需要拥有一个关于处置国际贸易中假冒商品问题的原那么、规那么和纪律的多边框架；

Recognizing the need for a multilateral framework of principles, rules and disciplines dealing with

international trade in counterfeit goods;

且确认，知识产权属于私权；

Recognizing that intellectual property rights are private rights;

且确认，知识产权国家爱惜制度中大体的政府政策目标，包括开发爱惜的目标和技术爱惜的目标；

Recognizing the underlying public policy objectives of national systems for the protection of intellectual

property, including developmental and technological objectives;

且确认，最不发达国家成员国内法律法规实施时关于最高灵活性的特殊需求，从而使其在本协定实施时能具有健全可行的技术性基础；

Recognizing also the special needs of the least-developed country Members in respect of maximum

flexibility in the domestic implementation of laws and regulations in order to enable them to create a sound

and viable technological base;

需要强调，通过量边程序解决与贸易有关的知识产权争端，重视许诺，从而减少紧张关系的重要性；

Emphasizing the importance of reducing tensions by reaching strengthened commitments to resolve

disputes on trade-related intellectual property issues through multilateral procedures;

期望在WTO与世界知识产权组织（ 本协定中简称“WIPO”）和其他有关国际组织之间成立一种彼此支持的关系；

Desiring to establish a mutually supportive relationship between the WTO and the World Intellectual

Property Organization (referred to in this Agreement as “WIPO”) as well as other relevant international

organizations;

因此通过协定如下：

Hereby agree as follows:

第一部份 总那么和大体原那么

Part I — General Provisions and Basic Principles

第1条 责任的性质和范围

Article 1

Nature and Scope of Obligations

1.

各成员均必需实行本协定中的规定，各成员能够但并无义务，在其法律中实施比本协定要求更普遍的爱惜，只要此种爱惜不违抗本协定的规定。各成员有权在其各自的法律制度和实践中确信实施本协定规定的适当方式。

Members shall give effect to the provisions of this Agreement. Members may, but shall not be obliged to,

implement in their law more extensive protection than is required by this Agreement, provided that such

protection does not contravene the provisions of this Agreement. Members shall be free to determine the

appropriate method of implementing the provisions of this Agreement within their own legal system and

practice.

2.

在本协定中，“知识产权”一词系指属于本协定第二部份第1节至第7节中的所有类别的知识产权。

For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “intellectual property” refers to all categories of intellectual

property that are the subject of Sections 1 through 7 of Part II.

3.

各成员应依照本协定的规定给予其他成员以国民待遇1。关于相应的知识产权，其他成员的国民被以为是

1本协定中所指的“国民”一词，对于WTO的单独关税区成员，指在该关税区内定居或拥有真实有效的工业或商业机构的自然人或法人。

符合《巴黎公约 (1967) 》、《伯尔尼公约(1971) 》、《罗马公约》和《关于集成电路的知识产权条约》中所规定的爱惜资格标准的自然人或法人，即WTO的所有成员似乎都已加入了这些公约2。任一运用了《罗马公约》第5条第3款或第6条第2款规定的可能性的成员，均应依照这些条款的预告，通知“与贸易有关的知识产权理事会（TRIPS理事会）”。

Members shall accord the treatment provided for in this Agreement to the nationals of other Members. In

respect of the relevant intellectual property right, the nationals of other Members shall be understood as

those natural or legal persons that would meet the criteria for eligibility for protection provided for in the

Paris Convention (1967), the Berne Convention (1971), the Rome Convention and the Treaty on

Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits, were all Members of the WTO members of those

conventions. 2 Any Member availing itself of the possibilities provided in paragraph 3 of Article 5 or

paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the Rome Convention shall make a notification as foreseen in those

provisions to the Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (the “Council for

TRIPS”).

————————————————

1. 本协定中所指的“国民”，系指在作为WTO成员的单独关税区内居住或拥有实际和有效的工业或商业企业的自然人或法人。

When “nationals” are referred to in this Agreement, they shall be deemed, in the case of a separate customs territory

Member of the WTO, to mean persons, natural or legal, who are domiciled or who have a real and effective industrial or

commercial establishment in that customs territory.

2. 在本协定中，《巴黎公约》系指《爱惜工业产权巴黎公约》 ；《巴黎公约（1967）》系指其为该公约1967年7月14日斯德哥尔摩的文本。《伯尔尼公约》系指《爱惜文学艺术作品伯尔尼公约》 ；《伯尔尼公约（1971）》系指其为该公约1971年3月24日巴黎的文本。《罗马公约》系指1961年10月26日在罗马通过的《爱惜演出者、录音制品制作者和广播组织的国际公约》。《关于集成电路的知识产权公约（IPIC条约）》系指1989年5月26日在华盛顿通过的关于集成电路的知识产权公约。《WTO协定》系指《成立世界贸易组织的协定》。

2在本协定中，《巴黎公约》指《保护工业产权巴黎公约》；《巴黎公约》（1967）指1967年7月14日该公约的斯德哥尔摩文本。《伯尔尼公约》指《保护文学艺术作品伯尔尼公约》，《伯尔尼公约》（1971）指1971年3月24日该公约的巴黎文本。《罗马公约》指1961年10月26日在罗马通过的《保护表演者、录音制品制作者和广播组织的国际公约》《。关于集成电路的知识产权公约》（《IPIC条约》）指1983年5月26日在华盛顿通过的该条约。《WTO协定》指《建立世界组织协定》。

In this Agreement, “Paris Convention” refers to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property; “Paris

Convention (1967)” refers to the Stockholm Act of this Convention of 14 July 1967. “Berne Convention” refers to the

Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works; “Berne Convention (1971)” refers to the Paris Act

of this Convention of 24 July 1971. “Rome Convention” refers to the International Convention for the Protection of

Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, adopted at Rome on 26 October 1961. “Treaty

on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits” (IPIC Treaty) refers to the Treaty on Intellectual Property in

Respect of Integrated Circuits, adopted at Washington on 26 May 1989. “WTO Agreement” refers to the Agreement

Establishing the WTO.

第2条 关于知识产权的公约

Article 2

Intellectual Property Conventions

1. 各成员在履行本协定第 II部份、第III部份和第IV部份的规按时，还应遵守《巴黎公约（1967）》中第1条至第12条的规定和第19条的规定。

In respect of Parts II, III and IV of this Agreement, Members shall comply with Articles 1 through 12, and

Article 19, of the Paris Convention (1967).

2. 在本协定第 I部份至第IV部份中，没有任何内容能够减少各成员目前依照《巴黎公约》、《伯尔尼公约》、《罗马公约》和《关于集成电路的知识产权条约》规定可能必需彼此承担的责任。

Nothing in Parts I to IV of this Agreement shall derogate from existing obligations that Members may have

to each other under the Paris Convention, the Berne Convention, the Rome Convention and the Treaty on

Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits.

第3条 关于国民待遇

Article 3

National Treatment

1.

在遵守《巴黎公约（1967）》、《伯尔尼公约（1971）》、《罗马公约》或《关于集成电路的知识产权条约》中所已经规定的免责条款的前提下，各成员在知识产权爱惜3方面，应当给予其他成员不低于本国国民待遇的国民待遇。关于演员、录音制品制作者和广播机构，各成员的这一义务仅适用于本协定规定中的权利。任何成员关于《伯尔尼公约（1971）》第6条或《罗马公约》第16条第1款（b）项所规定可能性的运用，均应按这些条款中规定的前瞻性要求，报告TRIPS理事会。

3在第3条和第4条中，“保护”一词应包括影响知识产权的效力、取得、范围、维持和实施的事项，以及本协定专门处理的影响知识产权的使用的事项。

Each Member shall accord to the nationals of other Members treatment no less favourable than that it

accords to its own nationals with regard to the protection

of intellectual property, subject to the

exceptions already provided in, respectively, the Paris Convention (1967), the Berne Convention (1971),

the Rome Convention or the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits. In respect

of performers, producers of phonograms and broadcasting organizations, this obligation only applies

in respect of the rights provided under this Agreement. Any Member availing itself of the possibilities

provided in Article 6 of the Berne Convention (1971) or paragraph 1(b) of Article 16 of the Rome

Convention shall make a notification as foreseen in those provisions to the Council for TRIPS.

2.

各成员可应用本条第1款规定中许诺的在司法和行政程序方面的例外，包括在一成员管辖范围内指定送达地址或委派代理人，可是这些例外应为保证遵守与本协定规定发生不相抵触的法律和法规所必需，且这种做法的实施下会对贸易组成变相限制。

Members may avail themselves of the exceptions permitted under paragraph 1 in relation to judicial

and administrative procedures, including the designation of an address for service or the appointment

of an agent within the jurisdiction of a Member, only where such exceptions are necessary to secure

compliance with laws and regulations which are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement

and where such practices are not applied in a manner which would constitute a disguised restriction

on trade.

————————————————

3 在第3条和第4条中，“爱惜”一词应包括阻碍知识产权的效劳、取得、范围、维持和实施的事项，和本协定专门处置的阻碍知识产权的利用的事项。

For the purposes of Articles 3 and 4, “protection” shall include matters affecting the availability, acquisition, scope,

maintenance and enforcement of intellectual property rights as well as those matters affecting the use of intellectual

property rights specifically addressed in this Agreement.

第4条 最惠国待遇

Article 4

Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment

关于知识产权爱惜，一成员对任何其他国家国民给予的任何利益、优惠、特权或宽免，应当即无条件地给予所有其他成员的国民。一成员给予的属以下情形的任何利益、优惠、特权或宽免，免去此义务：

With regard to the protection of intellectual property, any advantage, favour, privilege or immunity granted

by a Member to the nationals of any other country shall be accorded immediately and unconditionally to

the nationals of all other Members. Exempted from this obligation are any advantage, favour, privilege or

immunity accorded by a Member:

(a) 自一样性的、并非专门限于知识产权爱惜的关于司法协助或法律实施的国际协定所

派生；

deriving from international agreements on judicial assistance or law enforcement of a general nature

and not particularly confined to the protection of intellectual property;

(b) 依照《伯尔尼公约（1971）》或《罗马公约》的规定所给予，此类规定许诺所给予的

待遇不属国民待遇性质而属在另一国中给予待遇的性质；

granted in accordance with the provisions of the Berne Convention (1971) or the Rome

Convention authorizing that the treatment accorded be a function not of national

treatment but of the treatment accorded in another country;

(c)

关于本协定项下未作规定的有关演出者、录音制品制作者和广播组织的权利；

in respect of the rights of performers, producers of phonograms and broadcasting

organizations not provided under this Agreement;

(d)

自《WTO协定》生效之前已生效的有关知识产权爱惜的国际协定所派生，只要此

类协定向TRIPS理事会做出通知，并对其他成员的国民不组成任意的或不合理的歧视。

deriving from international agreements related to the protection of intellectual property which

entered into force prior to the entry into force of the WTO Agreement, provided that such

agreements are notified to the Council for TRIPS and do not constitute an arbitrary or

unjustifiable

discrimination against nationals of other Members.

第5条 关于取得或维持爱惜的多边协定

Article 5

Multilateral Agreements on Acquisition or Maintenance of Protection

第3条和第4条中的责任，不适用于WIPO主持下订立的知识产权获取或爱惜的多边协定中规定的程序。

The obligations under Articles 3 and 4 do not apply to procedures provided in multilateral agreements

concluded under the auspices of WIPO relating to the acquisition or maintenance of intellectual property

rights.

第6条 关于权利用尽

Article 6

Exhaustion

在依照本协定第3条规定和第4条规定解决贸易争端时，本协定中的任何规定不得用于解决知识产权权利用尽的问题。

For the purposes of dispute settlement under this Agreement, subject to the provisions of Articles 3 and 4

nothing in this Agreement shall be used to address the issue of the exhaustion of intellectual property

rights.

第7条 目标

Article 7

Objectives

爱惜和实施知识产权，增进技术的革新和技术的转让和传播，以有利于社会和经济福祉的方式增进技术知识制造者和利用者的共赢，和达到权利与义务的平稳。

The protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights should contribute to the promotion of

technological innovation and to the transfer and dissemination of technology, to the mutual advantage of

producers and users of technological knowledge and in a manner conducive to social and economic welfare,

and to a balance of rights and obligations.

第8

条 法则

Article 8 Principles

1.

各成员在制定或修订其法律法规时，可采纳必要的方法，以保障公众的健康和营养，和提高对其社会经济进展和技术进展相当重要领域的公共利益，只要这些方法符合本协定中的规定。

Members may, in formulating or amending their laws and regulations, adopt measures necessary to protect

public health and nutrition, and to promote the public interest in sectors of vital importance to their

socio-economic and technological development, provided that such measures are consistent with the

provisions of this Agreement.

2.

只要符合本协定中的规定，可采取适当的方法，幸免知识产权权利持有人滥用知识产权和不合理地限制贸易或对技术的国际转让造成不利阻碍的行为。

Appropriate measures, provided that they are consistent with the provisions of this Agreement, may be

needed to prevent the abuse of intellectual property rights by right holders or the resort to practices which

unreasonably restrain trade or adversely affect the international transfer of technology.

第二部份 关于知识产权的效劳、范围和利用时的标准

PART II

第1节：高作权和相关权利

SECTION 1: COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHT

第9条 与《伯尔尼公约》的关系

Article 9

Relation to the Berne Convention

1.

各成员应遵守《伯尔尼公约（1971）》第1条至第21条及附录中的规定。不拥有或不承担本协定规定中的涉及该公约第 6 条之二所授予权利或因此所衍生权利的权利或义务。

Members shall comply with Articles 1 through 21 of the Berne Convention (1971) and the Appendix

thereto. However, Members shall not have rights or obligations under this Agreement in respect of the

rights conferred under Article 6bis of that Convention or of the rights derived therefrom.

2. 高作权的爱惜仅能延伸至其表达方式，不得扩展至其作品本身的思想、程序、创作方式或数学原理。

Copyright protection shall extend to expressions and not to ideas, procedures, methods of operation or

mathematical concepts as such.

第10条 运算机程序和数据汇编

Article 10 Computer Programs and Compilations of Data

1.

运算机程序，不管其是源代码仍是目标代码，都应作为《伯尔尼公约（1971）》所指的文字作品给予爱惜。

Computer programs, whether in source or object code, shall be protected as literary works under the Berne

Convention (1971).

2.

数据或其他资料的编辑结果，不管机械可读形式仍是其他的形式，只要其内容的选取或编排组成了智力创作，即应予以爱惜。该爱惜不得延伸至数据或资料的本身，并非得损害存在于数据或资料本身的版权。

Compilations of data or other material, whether in machine readable or other form, which by reason of the

selection or arrangement of their contents constitute intellectual creations shall be protected as such. Such

protection, which shall not extend to the data or material itself, shall be without prejudice to any copyright

subsisting in the data or material itself.

第11条 出租权

Article 11

Rental Rights

至少就运算机程序和电影作品而言，一成员应给予作者及其合法继承人准予或禁止向公众商业性出租其有版权作品的原件或复制品的权利。一成员对电影作品可不承担此义务，除非此种出租已致使对该作品的普遍复制，从而实质性减损该成员授予作者及其合法继承人的专有复制权。就运算机程序而言，如该程序本身不是出租的要紧标的，那么此义务不适用于出租。

In respect of at least computer programs and cinematographic works, a Member shall provide authors

and their successors in title the right to authorize or to prohibit the commercial rental to the public of

originals or copies of their copyright works. A Member shall be excepted from this obligation in

respect of cinematographic works unless such rental has led to widespread copying of such works

which is materially impairing the exclusive right of reproduction conferred in that Member on authors

and their successors in title. In respect of computer programs, this obligation does not apply to rentals

where the program itself is not the essential object of the rental.

第12

条 爱惜期限

Article 12 Term of Protection

除摄影作品或有效艺术作品外，只要某一作品的爱惜期限不是基于自然人的生命进行计算的，那么该期限自作品经授权出版的日历年年末计算即不得少于50年，或假设是该作品在创作后50年内未经授权出版，那么为自作品完成的日历年年末起计算的50年。

Whenever the term of protection of a work, other than a photographic work or a work of applied art, is

calculated on a basis other than the life of a natural person, such term shall be no less than 50 years from

the end of the calendar year of authorized publication, or, failing such authorized publication within 50

years from the making of the work, 50 years from the end of the calendar year of making.

第13条 限制和例外

Article 13

Limitations and Exceptions

各成员对于专有权利的限制或例外规定，应限于某些特殊的情形，且不得与作品的正常利用相冲突，也不得无理地损害权利人的合法权益。

Members shall confine limitations or exceptions to exclusive rights to certain special cases which do not

conflict with a normal exploitation of the work and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests

of the right holder.

第14

条 对演出者、录音制品（录音）制作者和广播组织的爱惜

Article 14

Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms (Sound Recordings) and

Broadcasting Organizations

1.

就将其演出固定在录音制品上而言，演出者应有可能幸免以下未经其授权的行为：固定其不曾固定的演出和复制该录制品。演出者还应有可能阻止以下未经其授权的行为：以无线广播方式播出和向公共传播其现场演出。

In respect of a fixation of their performance on a phonogram, performers shall have the possibility of

preventing the following acts when undertaken without their authorization: the fixation of their unfixed

performance and the reproduction of such fixation. Performers shall also have the possibility of preventing

the following acts when undertaken without their authorization: the broadcasting by wireless means and

the communication to the public of their live performance.

2.

录音制品制作者应享有准予或禁止直接或间接复制其录音制品的权利。

Producers of phonograms shall enjoy the right to authorize or prohibit the direct or indirect reproduction of

their phonograms.

3.

广播组织有权禁止以下未经其授权的行为：录制、复制录制品、以无线广播方式转播和将其电视广播向公众传播。如各成员未授予广播组织此类权利，那么在遵守《伯尔尼公约》(1971)规定的前提下，应给予广播的客体的版权所有权人阻止上述行为的可能性。

Broadcasting organizations shall have the right to prohibit the following acts when undertaken without

their authorization: the fixation, the reproduction of fixations, and the rebroadcasting by wireless means of

broadcasts, as well as the communication to the public of television broadcasts of the same. Where

Members do not grant such rights to broadcasting organizations, they shall provide owners of copyright in

the subject matter of broadcasts with the possibility of preventing the above acts, subject to the provisions

of the Berne Convention (1971).

4.

第11条关于运算机程序的规定在细节上作必要修改后应适用于录音制品制作者和按一成员法律确信的录音制品的任何其他权利持有人。如在1994年4月15日，一成员在录音制品的出租方面己实施向权利持有人公平付酬的制度，那么可维持该制度，只要录音制品的商业性出租不对权利持有人的专有复制权造成实质性减损。

The provisions of Article 11 in respect of computer programs shall apply

mutatis mutandis to producers of

phonograms and any other right holders in phonograms as determined in a Member’s law. If on 15 April

1994 a Member has in force a system of equitable remuneration of right holders in respect of the rental of

phonograms, it may maintain such system provided that the commercial rental of phonograms is not giving

rise to the material impairment of the exclusive rights of reproduction of right holders.

5.

本协定项下演出者和录音制品制作者可取得的爱惜期限，自该固定或演出完成的日历年年末计算，应至少持续至50年年末。依照第3款给予的爱惜期限，自广播播出的日历年年末计算，应至少持续20年。

The term of the protection available under this Agreement to performers and producers of phonograms

shall last at least until the end of a period of 50 years computed from the end of the calendar year in which

the fixation was made or the performance took place. The term of protection granted pursuant to

paragraph 3 shall last for at least 20 years from the end of the calendar year in which the broadcast took

place.

6.

任何成员可就第1款、第2款和第3款授予的权利，在《罗马公约》许诺的限度内，规定条件、限制、例外和保留。可是，《伯尔尼公约》(1971)第18条的规定在细节上作必要修改后也应适用于演出者和录音制品制作者对录音制品享有的权利。

Any Member may, in relation to the rights conferred under paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, provide for conditions,

limitations, exceptions and reservations to the extent permitted by the Rome Convention. However, the

provisions of Article 18 of the Berne Convention (1971) shall also apply,

mutatis mutandis, to the rights of

performers and producers of phonograms in phonograms.

第2节：商标 SECTION 2: TRADEMARK

第15条 可爱惜的客体

Article 15

Protectable Subject Matter

1. 任何能够将某一企业的商品和效劳区别于其他企业的商品或效劳的符号或符号的组合，即

能够组成商标。但此类符号，如包括人名在内的辞汇、字母、数字、造型和色彩组合和此类标记的组合，均应符合商标注册时的条件。当一些符号并非具有区分有关商品或效劳的功能，各成员可依照其利用后取得了显著性特点作为该符号注册的条件。各成员可以要求，作为注册的条件，这些符号在视觉上应该是可感知的。

Any sign, or any combination of signs, capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one

undertaking from those of other undertakings, shall be capable of constituting a trademark. Such

signs, in particular words including personal names, letters, numerals, figurative elements and

combinations of colours as well as any combination of such signs, shall be eligible for registration as

trademarks. Where signs are not inherently capable of distinguishing the relevant goods or services,

Members may make registrability depend on distinctiveness acquired through use. Members may

require, as a condition of registration, that signs be visually perceptible.

2. 第1款不能被明白得为可阻止成员以其他理由拒绝某一商标的注册，只要这些理由不违抗《巴黎公约（1967）》的规定。

Paragraph 1 shall not be understood to prevent a Member from denying registration of a trademark

on other grounds, provided that they do not derogate from the provisions of the Paris Convention

(1967).

3. 各成员能够将利用作为注册条件。可是，一商标的实际利用不得作为同意申请的一项条件。不得仅以自申请日起3年期满后商标未按原意利用为由拒绝该申请。

Members may make registrability depend on use. However, actual use of a trademark shall not be a

condition for filing an application for registration. An application shall not be refused solely on the

ground that intended use has not taken place before the expiry of a period of three years from the

date of application.

4. 商标所适用的商品或效劳的性质在任何情形下不得形成对商标注册的障碍。

The nature of the goods or services to which a trademark is to be applied shall in no case form an

obstacle to registration of the trademark.

5. 各成员应在商标注册前或在注册后迅速发布每一商标，并应付注销注册的请求给予合理的机缘。另外，各成员可提供机缘以便对商标的注册提出异议。

Members shall publish each trademark either before it is registered or promptly after it is registered

and shall afford a reasonable opportunity for petitions to cancel the registration. In addition, Members

may afford an opportunity for the registration of a trademark to be opposed.

第16条 授予的权利

Article 16

Rights Conferred

1. 经注册商标的所有权人拥有其专有的权利，可阻止所有的第三方，未经其同意在与其已注册商标的商品或效劳相同或近似的商品或效劳的贸易进程中，利用与其相同或近似的标记或符号，因为如此的利用将产生被混淆的可能。当对于相同的商品或效劳利用相同标记或符号的情形下，应推定存在被混淆的可能性。但这一权利不得侵害已存在的优先权，也不得妨碍各成员关于基于商标利用权的权利进行规定。

The owner of a registered trademark shall have the exclusive right to prevent all third parties not

having the owner’s consent from using in the course of trade identical or similar signs for goods or

services which are identical or similar to those in respect of which the trademark is registered where

such use would result in a likelihood of confusion. In case of the use of an identical sign for identical

goods or services, a likelihood of confusion shall be presumed. The rights described above shall not

prejudice any existing prior rights, nor shall they affect the possibility of Members making rights

available on the basis of use.

2. 经必要的修正以后，《巴黎公约（1967）》第6条之二将适于实施。在确信某一商标是不是驰誉时，各成员应考虑相关公众对该商标的知晓程度，包括经促销该商标在该成员地域达到的公众知晓程度。

Article 6bis of the Paris Convention (1967) shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to services. In determining

whether a trademark is well-known, Members shall take account of the knowledge of the trademark in

the relevant sector of the public, including knowledge in the Member concerned which has been

obtained as a result of the promotion of the trademark.

3. 经必要的修正以后，《巴黎公约 （1967）》第6条之二将适用于其商标已注册的非类似的产品或效劳，只要与那些产品或效劳有关的商标在利用时，显示其产品或效劳与注册商标所有权人之间存在着关系，注册商标所有权人的权益可能受到此类利用的侵害。

Article 6bis of the Paris Convention (1967) shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to goods or services which

are not similar to those in respect of which a trademark is registered, provided that use of that

trademark in relation to those goods or services would indicate a connection between those goods or

services and the owner of the registered trademark and provided that the interests of the owner of the

registered trademark are likely to be damaged by such use.

第17条 例外

Article 17

Exceptions

各成员可对商标的授权规定有限的例外，如描述性词语直接用于商标等，只要此类例外考虑到了商标所有权人或第三方的合法权益。

Members may provide limited exceptions to the rights conferred by a trademark, such as fair use of

descriptive terms, provided that such exceptions take account of the legitimate interests of the owner

of the trademark and of third parties.

第18条 爱惜期限

Article 18

Term of Protection

商标的第一次注册及每次注册续展的有效期限均不应低于7年。一项商标的注册应能够无穷期地续展。

Initial registration, and each renewal of registration, of a trademark shall be for a term of no less than

seven years. The registration of a trademark shall be renewable indefinitely.

第19条 关于利用的要求

Article 19

Requirement of Use

1. 假设要求以利用作为保持商标的注册地位的条件，那么至少持续三年没有被利用，注册才可以被注销；除非商标所有人对妨碍其商标利用的合法理由进行了说明。假设不是因商标所有人的缘故所致使商标利用的障碍，如对该商标爱惜的产品或效劳的入口限制或其他的政府规定，那么应承认其是商标不利用的合法理由。

If use is required to maintain a registration, the registration may be cancelled only after an

uninterrupted period of at least three years of non-use, unless valid reasons based on the existence of

obstacles to such use are shown by the trademark owner. Circumstances arising independently of the

will of the owner of the trademark which constitute an obstacle to the use of the trademark, such as

import restrictions on or other government requirements for goods or services protected by the

trademark, shall be recognized as valid reasons for non-use.

2. 假设商标受其所有人治理，但由他人所利用，则亦应承认该商标处于能维持其注册地位的利用状态中。

When subject to the control of its owner, use of a trademark by another person shall be recognized as

use of the trademark for the purpose of maintaining the registration.

第20条 其他要求

Article 20

Other Requirements

在贸易进程中利用商标不得受特殊要求的无理妨碍，例如要求与另一商标一路利用，以特殊形式利用或要求以损害其将一企业的商品或效劳区别于另一企业的商品或效劳能力的方式利用。此点不排除要求将识别生产该商品或效劳的企业的商标与区别该企业的所涉具体商品或效劳的商标一路利用，但不将二者联系起来。

The use of a trademark in the course of trade shall not be unjustifiably encumbered by special

requirements, such as use with another trademark, use in a special form or use in a manner

detrimental to its capability to distinguish the goods or services of one undertaking from those of

other undertakings. This will not preclude a requirement prescribing the use of the trademark

identifying the undertaking producing the goods or services along with, but without linking it to, the

trademark distinguishing the specific goods or services in question of that undertaking.

第21条 许可和转让

Article 21

Licensing and Assignment

各成员可对商标的许可和转让规定条件，但这一点必需明确，不许诺商标的强制许可，而注册商标的所有权人应有权将商标与其所属企业一路转让或不一路进行转让。

Members may determine conditions on the licensing and assignment of trademarks, it being

understood that the compulsory licensing of trademarks shall not be permitted and that the owner of

a registered trademark shall have the right to assign the trademark with or without the transfer of the

business to which the trademark belongs.

第3节：地理标识 SECTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS

第22条 地理标识的爱惜

Article 22

Protection of Geographical Indications

1.

在本协定中，地理标识系指确信某一商品源自某一成员的管辖地域或该地域内某一地区或

地点的标识，该商品所拥有的质量、声誉或者特点，关键在于其产地。

Geographical indications are, for the purposes of this Agreement, indications which identify a good as

originating in the territory of a Member, or a region or locality in that territory, where a given quality,

reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin.

2.

关于地理标识，各成员应为利益攸关方提供法律方法，以阻止：

In respect of geographical indications, Members shall provide the legal means for interested parties to

prevent:

(a)

在某一商品的标志或说明中，利用任何手腕标明或暗示该商品来源于非其真实产地的某一地域，从而以该商品的产地误导公众，；

the use of any means in the designation or presentation of a good that indicates or suggests that

the good in question originates in a geographical area other than the true place of origin in a

manner which misleads the public as to the geographical origin of the good;

(b)

组成属于《巴黎公约 (1967) 》第10条之二范围之内不公平竞争行为的任何地理标

识的应用方式。

Any use which constitutes an act of unfair competition within the meaning of Article 10bis

of the Paris Convention (1967).

3.

当某商品的商标包括了地理标识或其是由地理标识所组成的，但该商品并非产自该地理标识所标示的地域，在某一成员的地域对商品利用如此的商标标识，即在商品的真实产地址面存在着欺骗公众的性质，各成员在法律许诺的前提下，或在某一方利益攸关方的请求下，应依照其权利拒绝或撤销该商标的注册。

A Member shall,

ex officio if its legislation so permits or at the request of an interested party, refuse or

invalidate the registration of a trademark which contains or consists of a geographical indication with

respect to goods not originating in the territory indicated, if use of the indication in the trademark for

such goods in that Member is of such a nature as to mislead the public as to the true place of origin.

4.

上述第1款、第2款和第3款中的爱惜规定，可适用于虽在文字上说明货物来源的真实领土、地域或地址，但却虚假地向公众说明该货物来源于另一领土的地理标识。

The protection under paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 shall be applicable against a geographical indication which,

although literally true as to the territory, region or locality in which the goods originate, falsely

represents to the public that the goods originate in another territory.

第23条 对葡萄酒和烈性酒地理标识的增加的爱惜

Article 23 Additional Protection for Geographical Indications for Wines and Spirits

1． 每一成员应为利益攸关方提供法律手腕，以幸免将识别葡萄酒的地理标识用于对并非源自地理标识所标明地域的葡萄酒，或幸免将识别烈酒的地理标识用于并非来源于所涉地理标识所标明地址的烈姓酒，即便对商品的真实原产地己标明，或该地理标识用于翻译中，或附有“种类”、“类型”、“特色”、“仿造”或类似表达方式。4

Each Member shall provide the legal means for interested parties to prevent use of a geographical

indication identifying wines for wines not originating in the place indicated by the geographical

indication in question or identifying spirits for spirits not originating in the place indicated by the

geographical indication in question, even where the true origin of the goods is indicated or the

geographical indication is used in translation or accompanied by expressions such as “kind”,

“type”, “style”, “imitation” or the like.

4

————————————————

4 尽管第42条的第一句即规定，可是确实是这些义务而言，各成员仍可通过行政行为对实施作出规定。

Notwithstanding the first sentence of Article 42, Members may, with respect to these obligations, instead provide for

enforcement by administrative action.

2.

关于一葡萄酒商标包括识别葡萄酒的地理标识或由此种标识组成，或假设是一烈酒商标包括识别烈酒的地理标识或由此种标识组成，一成员应在其立法许诺的情形下依职权或在一利益攸关方请求下，对不具有此来源的此类葡萄酒或烈酒，拒绝该商标注册或宣布注册无效。

The registration of a trademark for wines which contains or consists of a geographical indication

identifying wines or for spirits which contains or consists of a geographical indication identifying

spirits shall be refused or invalidated,

ex officio if a Member's legislation so permits or at the request of

an interested party, with respect to such wines or spirits not having this origin.

3.

在葡萄酒的地理标识同名的情形下，在遵守第22条第4款规定的前提下，应付每一种标识予以爱惜。每一成员应确信彼此区分所涉同名标识的可行条件，同时考虑保证公平对待有关生产者且使消费者不致产生误解的需要。

4尽管有第４２条第１句的规定，但是就是这些义务而言，各成员仍可通过行政行为对实施作出规定。

In the case of homonymous geographical indications for wines, protection shall be accorded to each

indication, subject to the provisions of paragraph 4 of Article 22. Each Member shall determine the practical

conditions under which the homonymous indications in question will be differentiated from each other,

taking into account the need to ensure equitable treatment of the producers concerned and that

consumers are not misled.

4.

为便利葡萄酒地理标识的爱惜，应在TRIPS理事会内谈判成立关于葡萄酒地理标识通知和注册的多边制度，使之能在参加该多边制度的成员中取得爱惜。

In order to facilitate the protection of geographical indications for wines, negotiations shall be undertaken

in the Council for TRIPS concerning the establishment of a multilateral system of notification and

registration of geographical indications for wines eligible for protection in those Members participating in

the system.

第24条 国际谈判；例外规定

Article 24

International Negotiations; Exceptions

1.

各成员同意进行谈判，以增强依照第23条对单个地理标识的爱惜。一成员不得利用以下第4款至第8款的规定，以拒绝进行谈判或订立双边或多边协定。在此类谈判中，各成员应志愿考虑这些规定继续适用于其利用曾为此类谈判主题的单个地理标识。

Members agree to enter into negotiations aimed at increasing the protection of individual

geographical indications under Article 23. The provisions of paragraphs 4 through 8 below shall not be

used by a Member to refuse to conduct negotiations or to conclude bilateral or multilateral

agreements. In the context of such negotiations, Members shall be willing to consider the continued

applicability of these provisions to individual geographical indications whose use was the subject of

such negotiations.

2.

TRIPS理事会应继续对本节规定的适用情形进行审议：第一次审议应在《WTO协定》生效后2年之内进行。任何阻碍遵守这些规定下的义务的事项都可提请理事会注意，在一成员请求下，理事会应就有关成员之间未能通过双边或诸边磋商找到中意解决方法的事项与任何一成员或多个成员进行磋商。理事会应采取各方同意的行动，以便利本节的运用，并增进本节目标的实现。

The Council for TRIPS shall keep under review the application of the provisions of this Section; the first

such review shall take place within two years of the entry into force of the WTO Agreement. Any matter

affecting the compliance with the obligations under these provisions may be drawn to the attention of

the Council, which, at the request of a Member, shall consult with any Member or Members in respect

of such matter in respect of which it has not been possible to find a satisfactory solution through

bilateral or plurilateral consultations between the Members concerned. The Council shall take such

action as may be agreed to facilitate the operation and further the objectives of this Section.

3.

在实施本节时，一成员不得降低《WTO协定》生效之日前己在该成员中存在的对地理标识的爱惜。

In implementing this Section, a Member shall not diminish the protection of geographical indications

that existed in that Member immediately prior to the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement.

4.

本节的任何规定均不得要求一成员阻止其任何国民或居民在商品或效劳方面继续以类似方式利用另一成员识别葡萄酒或烈酒的一特定地理标识，如其国民或居民在相同或有关的商品或效劳上在该成员领土内己持续利用该地理标识(a)在1994年4月15日前己至少有10年，或(b)在该日期之前的利用是善意的。

Nothing in this Section shall require a Member to prevent continued and similar use of a particular

geographical indication of another Member identifying wines or spirits in connection with goods or

services by any of its nationals or domiciliaries who have used that geographical indication in a

continuous manner with regard to the same or related goods or services in the territory of that

Member either (a) for at least 10 years preceding 15 April 1994 or (b) in good faith preceding that

date.

5.

如一商标的申请或注册是善意的，或假设是一商标的权利是在以下日期之前通过善意的利用取得的：

Where a trademark has been applied for or registered in good faith, or where rights to a trademark

have been acquired through use in good faith either:

(a) 按第六部份确信的这些规定在该成员中适用之日前；或

before the date of application of these provisions in that Member as defined in Part VI; or

(b) 该地理标识在其起源国取得爱惜之前。

before the geographical indication is protected in its country of origin.

为实施本节规定而采取的方法不得因一商标与一地理标识相同或类似而损害该商标注册的资格或注册的有效性或商标的利用权。

measures adopted to implement this Section shall not prejudice eligibility for or the validity of the

registration of a trademark, or the right to use a trademark, on the basis that such a trademark is

identical with, or similar to, a geographical indication.

6.

如任何其他成员关于商品或效劳的地理标识与一成员以通用语文的惯用术语作为其领土内此类商品或效劳的一般名称相同，那么本节的任何规定不得要求该成员对其他成员的相关标识适用本节的规定。如任何其他成员用于葡萄酒产品的地理标识与在《WTO协定》生效之日一成员领土内己存在的葡萄品种的惯用名称相同，那么本节的任何规定不得要求该成员对其他成员的相关标识适用本节的规定。

Nothing in this Section shall require a Member to apply its provisions in respect of a geographical

indication of any other Member with respect to goods or services for which the relevant indication is

identical with the term customary in common language as the common name for such goods or

services in the territory of that Member. Nothing in this Section shall require a Member to apply its

provisions in respect of a geographical indication of any other Member with respect to products of the

vine for which the relevant indication is identical with the customary name of a grape variety existing

in the territory of that Member as of the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement.

7.

一成员可规定，依照本节提出的关于一商标的利用或注册的任何请求必需在对该受爱惜标识的非法利用已在该成员中广为人知后5年内提出，或假设是商标在一成员中的注册日期早于上述非法利用在该成员中广为人知的日期，只要该商标在其注册之日前已发布，那么该请求必需在该商标在该成员中注册之日起5年内提出，只要该地理标识未被歹意利用或注册。

A Member may provide that any request made under this Section in connection with the use or

registration of a trademark must be presented within five years after the adverse use of the protected

indication has become generally known in that Member or after the date of registration of the

trademark in that Member provided that the trademark has been published by that date, if such date is

earlier than the date on which the adverse use became generally known in that Member, provided that

the geographical indication is not used or registered in bad faith.

8.

本节的规定决不能损害任何人在贸易进程中利用其姓名或其业务前任的姓名的权利，除非该姓名利用的方式会使公众产生误解。

The provisions of this Section shall in no way prejudice the right of any person to use, in the course of

trade, that person's name or the name of that person's predecessor in business, except where such

name is used in such a manner as to mislead the public.

9.

各成员在本协定项下无义务爱惜在起源国不受爱惜或己停止爱惜，或在该国中己废止的地理标识。

There shall be no obligation under this Agreement to protect geographical indications which are not

or cease to be protected in their country of origin, or which have fallen into disuse in that country.

第4节：工业品外观设计 SECTION 4: INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS

第25条 爱惜的要求 Article 25

Requirements for Protection

1.

关于独立创作的、具有新颖性或原创性的工业品外观设计，各成员均应提供爱惜。各成员可规定非新颖性或非原创性，系指某外观设计与已显现的设计或已显现的设计形体之组合相较，无显著的区别。各成员可规定关于工业品外观设计的爱惜，不得延及在本质上是技术或功能方面的设计。

Members shall provide for the protection of independently created industrial designs that are new or

original. Members may provide that designs are not new or original if they do not significantly differ from

known designs or combinations of known design features. Members may provide that such protection shall

not extend to designs dictated essentially by technical or functional considerations.

2.

各成员应确保纺织品图案设计的爱惜需要，其中专门是关于本钱、审查或发布方面的需要，不得不合理理地减少寻求和获取纺织品图案设计爱惜的机缘。各成员可自行决定是通过工业品外观设计的法律仍是通过高作权的法律履行本项责任。

Each Member shall ensure that requirements for securing protection for textile designs, in particular in

regard to any cost, examination or publication, do not unreasonably impair the opportunity to seek

and obtain such protection. Members shall be free to meet this obligation through industrial design

law or through copyright law.

第26条 爱惜

Article 26

Protection

1.

受爱惜工业品外观设计的所有权人，应有权禁止未经其同意的第三方，以营利为目的的制造、销售或入口承载或者表现为是对受爱惜设计的复制或者大体上是对受爱惜设计的复制的物品的行为。

The owner of a protected industrial design shall have the right to prevent third parties not having the

owner's consent from making, selling or importing articles bearing or embodying a design which is a

copy, or substantially a copy, of the protected design, when such acts are undertaken for commercial

purposes.

2.

各成员对于工业品外观设计的爱惜，可规定有限制的例外，只要此类例外不与受爱惜工业品外观设计的正常应用发生不合理的冲突，没有对受爱惜工业品外观设计所有权人的合法权益产生不合理的损害，并顾及了第三方的合法权益。

Members may provide limited exceptions to the protection of industrial designs, provided that such

exceptions do not unreasonably conflict with the normal exploitation of protected industrial designs

and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the owner of the protected design,

taking account of the legitimate interests of third parties.

3. 可取得的爱惜期限应至少达到10年。

The duration of protection available shall amount to at least 10 years.

第5节：专利 SECTION 5:

第27条 可授予专利的客体

Article 27

Patentable Subject Matter

1． 在遵守本条第2款和第3款规定的前提下，专利可授予所有技术领域的任何发明，不管该领域是产品仍是方式，只要其具有了新颖性，具有了制造性的步骤，具有了产业中的可应用性5。在遵守本协定第65条第4款、第70条第8款和本条第3款规定的前提下，专利的获得和专利权的享有，都不得因其发明地址、技术涉及的领域或产品系入口仍是在本地生产如此的不同而受到歧视。

Subject to the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3, patents shall be available for any inventions, whether

products or processes, in all fields of technology, provided that they are new, involve an inventive step

and are capable of industrial Subject to paragraph 4 of Article 65, paragraph 8 of Article 70 and

paragraph 3 of this Article, patents shall be available and patent rights enjoyable without

discrimination as to the place of invention, the field of technology and whether products are imported

or locally produced.

————————

5. 本款中的“制造性的步骤”和“产业中的可应用性”这两个辞汇，能够以为与某些成员所采纳的“非显而易见性”和“有效的”这两个辞汇是同义的。

For the purposes of this Article, the terms “inventive step” and “capable of industrial application” may be deemed

by a Member to be synonymous with the terms “non-obvious” and “useful” respectively.

2．

当为爱惜公共秩序或社会公德所必需时，包括为爱惜人类、动物和植物的生命与健康或幸免环境被严峻损害所必需时，各成员可拒绝授予某些发明的专利，从而在其管辖地域内阻止这些发明的商业开发，这些被拒绝的发明并非仅仅是因此类商业开发已被其法律所禁止才予以拒绝的。

Members may exclude from patentability inventions, the prevention within their territory of the

commercial exploitation of which is necessary to protect

ordre public or morality, including to protect

human, animal or plant life or health or to avoid serious prejudice to the environment, provided that

such exclusion is not made merely because the exploitation is prohibited by their law.

3． 各成员还可以拒绝授予以下技术的专利权：

5在本条中，一成员可将“发明性步骤”和“可供工业应用”这两项措辞分别理解为与“非显而易见的”和“有用的”同义。

Members may also exclude from patentability:

(a)

人或动物医疗中诊断、医治或外科手术的方式；

diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical methods for the treatment of humans or animals;

(b) 除微生物之外的植物和动物的技术，和本质上属于非生物处置和微生物处置之

外的植物和动物生产中的生物学方式。但各成员应通过专利制度或通过有效的专门制度，

或通过此二者的结合，对植物品种提供爱惜。本规定将在《WTO协定》生效之日起4

年后进行检讨。

plants and animals other than micro-organisms, and essentially biological processes for

the production of plants or animals other than non-biological and microbiological

processes. However, Members shall provide for the protection of plant varieties either

by patents or by an effective sui generis system or by any combination thereof. The

provisions of this subparagraph shall be reviewed four years after the date of entry into

force of the WTO Agreement.

第28条 所授予的权利

Article 28

Rights Conferred

1． 一项专利将授予其所有权人以下专有的权利：

A patent shall confer on its owner the following exclusive rights:

(a) 当专利属于某一项产品，禁止第三方未经许诺进行该产品制造、利用、推销、销售、出售或入口的行为6；

where the subject matter of a patent is a product, to prevent third parties not having the

owner's consent from the acts of: making, using, offering for sale, selling, or importing

for these purposes that product;

(b) 当专利属于某一种方式，禁止第三方未经许诺应用该方式的行为，和是以该方式直接

取得的产品的利用、推销、出售或入口的行为。

6此权利与根据本协定授予的关于使用、销售、进口或分销商品的权利一样，应遵守第６条的规定。

where the subject matter of a patent is a process, to prevent third parties not having the

owner's consent from the act of using the process, and from the acts of: using, offering for

sale, selling, or importing for these purposes at least the product obtained directly by that

process.

————————————————————

6

此项权利，和本协定中所有其他关于产品的利用、销售、入口或各类挪用方面的权利，均须服从本协

定第6条的规定。

This right, like all other rights conferred under this Agreement in respect of the use, sale, importation or

other distribution of goods, is subject to the provisions of Article 6.

2． 专利所有权人还拥有转让或以继承方式转移专利的权利，和订立专利许可合同的权利。

Patent owners shall also have the right to assign, or transfer by succession, the patent and to conclude

licensing contracts.

第29条 对专利申请人的要求

Article 29 Conditions on Patent Applicants

1．

各成员应要求专利申请人以充分清楚和完整的方式披露其发明，以使本领域技术人员能够实施该发明，并可要求申请人于提交申请日，或于在要求取得优先权时的优先权日，表述发明人所知的该发明的最正确实施方案。

Members shall require that an applicant for a patent shall disclose the invention in a manner

sufficiently clear and complete for the invention to be carried out by a person skilled in the art and

may require the applicant to indicate the best mode for carrying out the invention known to the

inventor at the filing date or, where priority is claimed, at the priority date of the application.

2． 各成员可要求专利申请人提供有关该发明在国外的专利申请与授权情形的信息。

Members may require an applicant for a patent to provide information concerning the applicant’s

corresponding foreign applications and grants.

第30条 权利授予时的例外

Article 30

Exceptions to Rights Conferred

各成员可以对专利所授予的排他权利，规定有限制的例外，只要此类例外可不能对专利的正常应用发生无理的抵触，也可不能无理地损害专利所有权人的合法权益，同时考虑第三方的合法权益。

Members may provide limited exceptions to the exclusive rights conferred by a patent, provided that

such exceptions do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the patent and do not unreasonably

prejudice the legitimate interests of the patent owner, taking account of the legitimate interests of

third parties.

第31条 未经权利持有者授权的应用

Article 31

Other Use Without Authorization of the Right Holder

当某一成员的法律许诺专利未经权利持有者授权的另类应用时7，包括政府或经政府授权的第三方的应用，都应符合以下条件：

Where the law of a Member allows for other use7 of the subject matter of a patent without the

authorization of the right holder, including use by the government or third parties authorized by the

government, the following provisions shall be respected:

——————————————

7 “另类应用”指除上述第30条许诺的例外之外的应用。

“Other use” refers to use other than that allowed under Article 30.

（a） 此类应用的授权应依照单独的情形进行单独地考虑；

authorization of such use shall be considered on its individual merits;

（b） 此类应用只有以下情形下才能取得许诺，即在应用之前，拟应用者已经为取得此权

利持有人的授权，努力地提供了合理的商业条款和条件，但这些尽力在合情合理的时刻

内没有成功。这一要求只有处于国家超级状态和极端紧急的情形下，或者是属于政府的

非商业用途，才能被成员搁置。即即是处于国家超级状态和极端紧急的情形，也应尽可

能迅速地通知权利持有人。若属于政府的非商业性用途，如政府或合同方未经专利检索，即已经了解或具有可推理的依据了解，某一有

效专利被政府所利用或为政府需要而利用时，那么也应迅速地通知权利持有人；

7 “其他使用”指除第30条允许的使用以外的使用。

such use may only be permitted if, prior to such use, the proposed user has made efforts

to obtain authorization from the right holder on reasonable commercial terms and

conditions and that such efforts have not been successful within a reasonable period of

time. This requirement may be waived by a Member in the case of a national

emergency or other circumstances of extreme urgency or in cases of public non-

commercial use. In situations of national emergency or other circumstances of extreme

urgency, the right holder shall, nevertheless, be notified as soon as reasonably

practicable. In the case of public non-commercial use, where the government or

contractor, without making a patent search, knows or has demonstrable grounds to

know that a valid patent is or will be used by or for the government, the right holder

shall be informed promptly;

（c） 此类应用的范围和期限应仅限于所授权的用途，如是属于半导体技术，那么仅能用于

政府非商业性用途，或者作为司法或行政程序确信为是反竞争行为时的一种补救；

the scope and duration of such use shall be limited to the purpose for which it was authorized,

and in the case of semi-conductor technology shall only be for public non-commercial use or

to

remedy a practice determined after judicial or administrative process to be anti-competitive;

（d） 此类应用应是非独占性的；

such use shall be non-exclusive;

（e） 此类用途不可转让，除非是此类用途作为企业或企业商誉的一部份进行的转让；

such use shall be non-assignable, except with that part of the enterprise or goodwill

which enjoys such use;

（f） 此类应用应要紧是授权该应用成员的国内市场授权；

any such use shall be authorized predominantly for the supply of the domestic market of

the Member authorizing such use;

（g） 在充分爱惜经授权人合法权益的前提下，当此类应用致使专利不再存在和不可能再

次生效的情形时，那么有关此类应用的授权应予终止。当主管机关有权利依照明确的要求，

审查这些情形是不是存在；

authorization for such use shall be liable, subject to adequate protection of the

legitimate interests of the persons so authorized, to be terminated if and when the

circumstances which led to it cease to exist and are unlikely to recur. The competent

authority shall have the authority to review, upon motivated request, the continued

existence of these circumstances;

（h） 在所有各种情形下，都应依照所授权应用的经济价值，向权利持有人支付适当的报

酬；

the right holder shall be paid adequate remuneration in the circumstances of each case,

taking into account the economic value of the authorization;

（i） 有关此类应用任何授权决定的法律效劳，都应通过司法审查或经该成员内上一级主

管机关的独立审查；

the legal validity of any decision relating to the authorization of such use shall be subject

to judicial review or other independent review by a distinct higher authority in that

Member;

（j） 任何与就此种利用提供的报酬有关的决定应通过司法审查或该成员中上一级主管

机关的独立审查；

any decision relating to the remuneration provided in respect of such use shall be subject

to judicial review or other independent review by a distinct higher authority in that

Member ;

（k） 当此类应用被司法或行政程序确信为是对反竞争行为的一种补救，那么成员无责任履

行 (b) 款和 (f) 款中所列规定。在确信此类情形的报酬金额时，需要考虑纠正反竞争行

为的需要。如致使此类授权的条件可能再次发生时，那么主管机关有权拒绝终止授权；

Members are not obliged to apply the conditions set forth in subparagraphs (b) and (f)

Where such use is permitted to remedy a practice determined after judicial or

administrative process to be anti-competitive. The need to correct anti-competitive

practices may be taken into account in determining the amount of remuneration in such

cases. Competent authorities shall have the authority to refuse termination of

authorization if and when the conditions which led to such authorization are likely to

recur;

（l） 当此类应用被授权许诺进行专利的开发（“第二专利”），而该第二专利在不侵害前

专利（“第一专利”）的情形下是不能取得开发的，那么应履行以下附加条件：

where such use is authorized to permit the exploitation of a patent ("the second patent")

which cannot be exploited without infringing another patent ("the first patent"), the

following additional conditions shall apply:

(ⅰ) 第二专利中所提出的发明，包括了具有相对第一专利中所提出发明重要经济意

义的技术进步；

the invention claimed in the second patent shall involve an important technical

advance of considerable economic significance in relation to the invention claimed in

the first patent;

(ⅱ) 第一专利的所有权人有权以合理的条件，通过交叉许可利用第二专利所提出的发

明，和

the owner of the first patent shall be entitled to a cross-licence on reasonable terms

to use the invention claimed in the second patent; and

(ⅲ) 除非与第二专利一同转让，该第一专利授权的应用用不得转让。

the use authorized in respect of the first patent shall be non-assignable except with

the assignment of the second patent.

第32条 撤销/无效

Article 32 Revocation/Forfeiture

对于任何一项专利的撤销或被宣布无效的决定，都应能够进行司法审查。

An opportunity for judicial review of any decision to revoke or forfeit a patent shall be available.

第33条 爱惜期限

Article 33

Term of Protection

专利可取得的爱惜期限，不应在自其申请之日起计算的20年期满前终止8。

The term of protection available shall not end before the expiration of a period of twenty years

counted from the filing

————————————

8. ？ 这能够明白得为，无授专利制度的成员国可以在原授专利制度中规定爱惜期限自申请之日起计算。

It is understood that those Members which do not have a system of original grant may provide that the

term of protection shall be computed from the filing date in the system of original grant.

第34条 方式专利：举证责任

Article 34 Process Patents: Burden of Proof

1.

在第28条1 (b) 款所提出的专利客体是取得某一产品的方式时侵害所有权人权利的民事诉讼中，司法机关有权责令被告证明其取得相同产品的方式，不同于已取得专利的方式。因此，各成员应规定只要符合以下一种情形，如无相反的证明，任何未经专利所有权人同意而生产的相同产品，也将被视为是通过已获得专利的方式取得的：

For the purposes of civil proceedings in respect of the infringement of the rights of the owner referred

to in paragraph 1(b) of Article 28, if the subject matter of a patent is a process for obtaining a product,

the judicial authorities shall have the authority to order the defendant to prove that the process to

obtain an identical product is different from the patented process. Therefore, Members

8各方理解，无原始授予制度的成员可规定保护期限应自原始授予制度中的申请之日起计算。

shall provide, in at least one of the following circumstances, that any identical product when

produced without the consent of the patent owner shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be

deemed to have been obtained by the patented process:

(a) 当通过该已获专利方式取得的产品是新产品；

the product obtained by the patented process is new;

(b) 当相同产品极似利用该专利方式生产的，即便专利所有权人经必然尽力也不能确信

其确实利用了该方式。

if there is a substantial likelihood that the identical product was made by the process and

the owner of the patent has been unable through reasonable efforts to determine the

process actually used.

2． 各成员可自行规定只要符合 (a) 所指条件或只要符合 (b) 所指条件，被指控的侵权人将承担第1款所指的举证责任。

Any Member shall be free to provide that the burden of proof indicated in paragraph 1 shall be on the

alleged infringer only if the condition referred to in subparagraph (a) is fulfilled or only if the condition

referred to in subparagraph (b) is fulfilled.

3． 在引用相反的证明时，应考虑爱惜被告制造和经营中行业机密方面的合法权益。

In the adduction of proof to the contrary, the legitimate interests of defendants in protecting their

manufacturing and business secrets shall be taken into account.

第6节：集成电路布图设计（拓扑图）

SECTION 6: LAYOUT-DESIGNS (TOPOGRAPHIES) OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

第35条 与《IPIC条约》的关系

Article 35

Relation to the IPIC Treaty

各成员同意依照《集成电路知识产权条约（Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of

Integrated Circuits，IPIC）》中第2条至第7条（第6条中第3款除外）以及第12条、第16条第3款中的规定，对集成电路布图设计（拓扑图）（本协定以下简称“布图设计”）提供爱惜，另外应履行以下规定。

Members agree to provide protection to the layout-designs (topographies) of integrated circuits

(referred to in this Agreement as “layout-designs”) in accordance with Articles 2 through 7 (other

than paragraph 3 of Article 6), Article 12 and paragraph 3 of Article 16 of the Treaty on Intellectual

Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits and, in addition, to comply with the following provisions.

第36条 爱惜范围

Article 36 Scope of the Protection

在遵守第37条第1款规定的前提下，如从事以下行为未经权利持有人9授权，那么应视为非法：为商业目的入口、销售或分销一受爱惜的布图设计、含有受爱惜的布图设计的集成电路、或含有此种集成电路的物品，只要该集成电路仍然包括非法复制的布图设计。

Subject to the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 37, Members shall consider unlawful the following

acts if performed without the authorization of the right holder: importing, selling, or otherwise

distributing for commercial purposes a protected layout-design, an integrated circuit in which a

protected layout-design is incorporated, or an article incorporating such an integrated circuit only in

so far as it continues to contain an unlawfully reproduced layout-design.

————————————

9. 本节中的“权利持有人”一词应明白得为与《IPIC条约》中的“权利的持有人”一词含义相同。

The term “right holder” in this Section shall be understood as having the same meaning as the term

“holder of the right” in the IPIC Treaty.

第37条 无需权利持有人授权的行为

Article 37

Acts Not Requiring the Authorization of the Right Holder

1.

9本节中的“权利持有人”一词应理解为与《IPIC条约》中的“权利的持有人”一词含义相同。

尽管有第36条的规定，可是如从事或命令从事该条所指的与含有非法复制的布图设计的集成电路或包括此种集成电路的物品有关的行为的人，在取得该集成电路或包括该集成电路的物品时，不明白且无合理的依照明白其中包括此种非法复制的布图设计，那么任何成员不得将从事该条所指的任何行为视为非法。各成员应规定，在该人收到关于该布图设计被非法复制的充分通知后，可对现有的存货和此前的定货从事此类行为，但有责任向权利持有人支付费用，数额相当于依照就此种布图设计志愿达到的许可协议应付的合理利用费。

Notwithstanding Article 36, no Member shall consider unlawful the performance of any of the acts

referred to in that Article in respect of an integrated circuit incorporating an unlawfully reproduced

layout-design or any article incorporating such an integrated circuit where the person performing or

ordering such acts did not know and had no reasonable ground to know, when acquiring the

integrated circuit or article incorporating such an integrated circuit, that it incorporated an unlawfully

reproduced layout-design. Members shall provide that, after the time that such person has received

sufficient notice that the layout-design was unlawfully reproduced, that person may perform any of

the acts with respect to the stock on hand or ordered before such time, but shall be liable to pay to the

right holder a sum equivalent to a reasonable royalty such as would be payable under a freely

negotiated licence in respect of such a layout-design.

2.

第31条(a)项至(k)所列条件在细节上作必要修改后应适用于任何有关布图设计的非志愿许可情形或任何未经权利持有人授权而被政府或为政府而利用的情形。

The conditions set out in subparagraphs (a) through (k) of Article 31 shall apply

mutatis mutandis in

the event of any non-voluntary licensing of a layout-design or of its use by or for the government

without the authorization of the right holder.

第38条 爱惜期限

Article 38

Term of Protection

1.

在要求将注册作为爱惜条件的成员中，布图设计的爱惜期限不得在自提交注册申请之日起或自世界任何地址第一次进行商业利用之日起计算10年期限期满前终止。

In Members requiring registration as a condition of protection, the term of protection of

layout-designs shall not end before the expiration of a period of 10 years counted from the date of

filing an application for registration or from the first commercial exploitation wherever in the world it

occurs.

2.

在不要求将注册作为爱惜条件的成员中，布图设计的爱惜期限不得少于自世界任何地址第一次进行商业利用之日起计算的10年。

In Members not requiring registration as a condition for protection, layout-designs shall be protected

for a term of no less than 10 years from the date of the first commercial exploitation wherever in the

world it occurs.

3.

尽管有第1款和第2款的规定，任何成员仍可规定爱惜应在布图设计创作15年后终止。

Notwithstanding paragraphs 1 and 2, a Member may provide that protection shall lapse 15 years after

the creation of the layout-design.

第7节： 对未公布信息的爱惜

SECTION 7: PROTECTION OF UNDISCLOSED INFORMATION

第39条

Article 39

1. 各成员为确保《巴黎公约（1967）》第10条之二所规定的、对反不公平竞争权利的有效爱惜，必需依照以下第2款，对未公布信息进行爱惜，和依照以下第3款，对提交政府或半官方机构的数据进行爱惜。

In the course of ensuring effective protection against unfair competition as provided in Article 10bis of

the Paris Convention (1967), Members shall protect undisclosed information in accordance with

paragraph 2 and data submitted to governments or governmental agencies in accordance with

paragraph 3.

2． 自然人和法人应可能幸免其合法操纵的信息，在未经其同意的情形下泄露给他人或被他人以不老实的商业行为10方式获取与利用，只要此类信息：

Natural and legal persons shall have the possibility of preventing information lawfully within their

control from being disclosed to, acquired by, or used by others without their consent in a manner

contrary to honest commercial practices10 so long as such information:

10在本规定中，“违反诚实商业行为的方式”应至少包括以下做法：违反合同、泄密和违约诱导，并且包括第三方取得未披露的信息，而该第三方知道或因严重疏忽未能知道未披露信息的取得涉及此类做法。

————————————

10. 在本规定中，“不老实的商业行为方式”应至少包括以下做法：违抗合同、泄密和违约诱导，而且包

括第三方取得未披露的信息，而该第三方明白或因严峻疏忽未能明白未披露信息的取得涉及此类做法。

For the purpose of this provision, “a manner contrary to honest commercial practices” shall mean at

least practices such as breach of contract, breach of confidence and inducement to breach, and includes

the acquisition of undisclosed information by third parties who knew, or were grossly negligent in failing

to know, that such practices were involved in the acquisition.

(a) 是保密的，即其作为一种整体观念或作为各部份观念严格的配置和组合，尚不为

通常处置此类信息的业内人士所知晓，或者不易被其所获取；

is secret in the sense that it is not, as a body or in the precise configuration and

assembly of its components, generally known among or readily accessible to persons

within the circles that normally deal with the kind of information in question;

(b) 因其属于秘密而具备商业价值；且

has commercial value because it is secret; and

(c) 受该信息合法操纵人适当的、使其处于保密状态的方法的操纵。

has been subject to reasonable steps under the circumstances, by the person lawfully

in control of the information, to keep it secret.

3． 当提交通过了相当大的尽力所取得的、未经披露的实验数据或其他数据，将作为批准销售利用新化合物所制造的药品或农用化工产品的要求时，各成员应爱惜这些数据，以幸免不合法的商业用途。另外，除非是爱惜公众所必需，或者采取了确保数据取得了不被用于不合法商业用途的爱惜方法，各成员应爱惜这些不随意披露的数据。

Members, when requiring, as a condition of approving the marketing of pharmaceutical or of

agricultural chemical products which utilize new chemical entities, the submission of undisclosed test

or other data, the origination of which involves a considerable effort, shall protect such data against

unfair commercial use. In addition, Members shall protect such data against disclosure, except where

necessary to protect the public, or unless steps are taken to ensure that the data are protected

against unfair commercial use.

第8节： 对契约许可中限制竞争条款的抑制

SECTION 8: CONTROL OF ANTI-COMPETITIVE PRACTICES IN CONTRACTUAL

LICENCES

第40条

1． 全数成员一致同意，一些与知识产权许可有关的限制竞争的行为或条件，可能对对贸易产生不利阻碍，并可能妨碍技术的转让和传播。

Members agree that some licensing practices or conditions pertaining to intellectual property rights

which restrain competition may have adverse effects on trade and may impede the transfer and

dissemination of technology.

2． 本协定中的任何规定都未阻止成员在其立法中，明确许可行为或条件在某些情形下可能组成对知识产权的滥用，从而对相应市场中的竞争产生不利的阻碍。如以上所规定的，成员在遵循本协定规定的前提下，可依照其有关法律与法规，采取适当的方法以幸免或抑止此类行为和条件，包括诸如排他性回授的条件、阻止对知识产权效劳提出质疑的条件与强制性的一揽子许可等。

Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent Members from specifying in their legislation licensing practices or

conditions that may in particular cases constitute an abuse of intellectual property rights having an adverse

effect on competition in the relevant market. As provided above, a Member may adopt, with the other

provisions of this Agreement, appropriate measures to prevent or control such practices, which may include

for example exclusive grantback conditions, conditions preventing challenges to validity and coercive

package licensing, in the light of the relevant laws and regulations of that Member.

3．

应请求，每一成员应与任一其他成员进行磋商，只要该成员有理由以为被请求进行磋商成员的国民或居民的知识产权所有权人正在采取的做法违抗请求进行磋商成员关于本节主题的法律法规，并希望在不妨害依照法律采取任何行动及不损害两成员中任一成员做出最终决定的充分自由的情形下，使该立法取得遵守。被请求的成员应付与提出请求成员的磋商给予充分和踊跃的考虑，并提供充分的机缘，并在受国内法约束和就提出请求的成员保障其机密性达到彼其中意的协议的前提下，通过提供与所涉事项有关的、可公布取得的非机密信息和该成员可取得的其他信息进行合作。

Each Member shall enter, upon request, into consultations with any other Member which has cause to

believe that an intellectual property right owner that is a national or domiciliary of the Member to which the

request for consultations has been addressed is undertaking practices in violation of the requesting

Member's laws and regulations on the subject matter of this Section, and which wishes to secure

compliance with such legislation, without prejudice to any action under the law and to the full freedom of

an ultimate decision of either Member. The Member addressed shall accord full and sympathetic

consideration to, and shall afford adequate opportunity for, consultations with the requesting Member, and

shall cooperate through supply of publicly available non-confidential information of relevance to the matter

in question and of other information available to the Member, subject to domestic law and to the

conclusion of mutually satisfactory agreements concerning the safeguarding of its confidentiality by the

requesting Member.

4． 如一成员的国民或居民在另一成员领土内因被指控违抗该另一成员有关本节主题的法律法规而被起诉，那么该另一成员应按与第3款预想的条件相同的条件给予该成员磋商的机缘。

A Member whose nationals or domiciliaries are subject to proceedings in another Member concerning

alleged violation of that other Member's laws and regulations on the subject matter of this Section shall,

upon request, be granted an opportunity for consultations by the other Member under the same conditions

as those foreseen in paragraph 3.

第三部份 知识产权的实施

PART III ENFORCEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

第1节： 大体责任

SECTION 1: GENERAL OBLIGATIONS

第41条

Article

41

1． 各成员必需保证其法律中包括本部份规定的实施程序，从而被许诺

对任何侵犯本协定所涵盖知识产权的行为采取有效的行动，包括迅速的阻止侵权的救济方法和遏制更多侵权的救济方法。这些救济程序应幸免对合法贸易造成障碍，并应为幸免这些程序被滥用提供保障方法。

Members shall ensure that enforcement procedures as specified in this Part are available under their law so as to permit

effective action against any act of infringement of intellectual property rights covered by this Agreement, including

expeditious remedies to prevent infringements and remedies which constitute a deterrent to further

infringements. These procedures shall be applied in such a manner as to avoid the creation of barriers to legitimate

trade and to provide for safeguards against their abuse.

2． 有关知识产权的实施程序应公平和公正。这些程序不该没必要要的复杂和费用昂贵，也不该限定不合理的时限或造成无理的迟延。

Procedures concerning the enforcement of intellectual property rights shall be fair and equitable. They shall not be

unnecessarily complicated or costly, or entail unreasonable time-limits or unwarranted delays.

3． 对一案件是非曲直的裁决，最好采取书面形式并说明理由。至少应使诉讼当事方可取得，而不造成不合法的迟延。对一案件是非曲直的裁决只能依照已向各方提供听证机缘的证据作出。

4． 诉讼当事方应有机缘要求司法机关对最终行政裁定进行审查，并在遵守一成员法律中有关案件重要性的司法管辖权规定的前提下，至少对案件是非的初步司法裁决的法律方面进行审查。可是，对刑事案件中的无罪裁决无义务提供审查机缘。

5． 各方明白得，本部份并非产生任何成立与一样法律实施制度不同的知识产权实施制度的义务，也不阻碍各成员实施一样法律的能力。本部份的任何规定在实施知识产权与实施一样法律的资源分派方面，也不产生任何义务。

第2节：民事和行政程序及救济

第42条

公平和公正的程序

各成员应使权利持有人11

11在本部分中，“权利持有人”一词包括具有在法律上主张这种权利的资格的联盟和协会。

可取得有关实施本协定涵盖的任何知识产权的民事司法程序。被告有权取得及时的和包括足够细节的书面通知，包括权利请求的依据。应许诺当事方由独立的法律顾问代表出庭，且程序不该制定强制本人出庭的过重要求。此类程序的所有当事方均有权证明其权利请求并提供所有相关证据。该程序应规定一种确认和爱惜机密信息的方式，除非此点会违抗现有的宪法规定的必要条件。

——————————

11在本部份中，“权利持有人”一词包括具有在法律上主张这种权利的资格的联盟和协会。

第43条 证据

1． 如一当事方己出示可合理取得的足以证明其权利请求的证据，并指明在对方操纵之下的与证明其权利请求有关的证据，那么司法机关在遵守在适当的情形下可保证爱惜机密信息条件的前提下，有权命令对方提供此证据。

2． 如一诉讼方在合理期限内自行且无合法理由拒绝提供或不提供必要的信息，或严峻阻碍与一实实施动有关的程序，那么一成员可授权司法机关在向其提供信息的基础上，包括由于被拒绝提供信息而受到不利阻碍的当事方提出的申述或指控，做出确信或否定的初步或最终裁决，但应向各当事方提供就指控或证据进行听证的机缘。

第44条 禁令

1． 司法机关有权责令一当事方停止侵权，专门是有权在结关后当即阻止涉及知识产权侵权行为的入口商品进入其管辖范围内的商业渠道。如受爱惜的客体是在一人明白或有合理的依照明白从事该客体的交易会组成知识产权侵权之前取得或订购的，那么各成员无义务给予此种授权。

2。 尽管有本部份其他条款的规定，可是只要符合第二部份专门处置未经权利持有人授权的政府利用或政府授权的第三方利用而做出的规定，各成员可将针对可利用的救济限于依照第31条(h)项支付的报酬。在其他情形下，应适用本部份下的救济，或假设是这些救济与一成员的法律不一致，那么应采取宣告式裁决，并应可取得适当的补偿。

第45条 补偿费

1． 关于故意或有充分理由应明白自己从事侵权活动的侵权人，司法机关有权责令侵权人向权利持有人支付足以补偿其因知识产权侵权所受损害的补偿。

2． 司法机关还有权责令侵权人向权利持有人支付有关费用，其中可包括有关的律师费用。在适当的情形下，

各成员可授权司法机关责令其退还利润和/或支付法定的补偿，即便侵权人故意或有充分理由明白自己从事侵权活动。

第46条 其他补救

本文标签： 成员爱惜规定