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2024年3月31日发(作者:)

全国英语等级考试PETS五历年真题

全国英语等级考试PETS五历年真题

人生如同故事。重要的'并不在有多长,而是在有多好。以下是店

铺为大家整理的全国英语等级考试PETS五历年真题,欢迎阅读与收藏。

SECTION IIUse of English

( 15 minutes)

Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces

with one suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET

1.

For decades, posters depicting rabbits with inflamed,

reddened eyes symbolized campaigns against the testing of

cosmetics on animals. Now the most severe of those

(31)_________are to be banned across the European Union.

The so-called Draize tests are a series of notorious

procedures (32)_________involve applying cosmetics ingredients

(33)_________the eyes and skin of live laboratory rabbits. The

animals' re- actions are (34)_________to assess whether the

(35)_________is an irritant or not. However, on April 27 the

independent scientific advisory committee of the European

Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM)

approved a series of humane (36)_________

Two of these alternative tests use waste animal tissue

reclaimed from slaughterhouses to replace live animals and test

(37)_________chemicals might severely irritate the eyes. Two more

will(38)_________live animals with in vitro cell cultures for

determining whether (39)_________irri- tate the skin. A fifth

alterative test, (40)_________identify whether chemicals will cause

skin aller- gies, will spare hundreds of thousands of mice a year.

These humane alternatives have been available

(41)_________commercial use for years, but to enforce their use,

ECVAM has had to show they are as (42)_________as or better than

the pro- cedures on live animals they are to replace. Now (43)the

committee has validated the alternatives, (44)_________will

become illegal under the European Cosmetics Directive

(45)_________cosmetic companies to continue to use live

animals, and regulatory authorities in(46)_________member state

will be forced to outlaw their use.

(47)_________these changes, cosmetics companies will still be

allowed to (48)_________rel- atively mild chemicals on the eyes of

live animals until further alternative tests are approved, or un- til

2009, (49)_________most cosmetic tests on live animals will be

banned in Europe, regardless of(50 )_________alternatives have

been approved or not.

THAT IS THE END OF SECTION TWO.

DO NOT READ OR WORK ON THE NEXT SECTION UNTIL YOU

ARE TOLD TO.

SECTl0N II Use of English

参考译文。

几十年来,画有眼睛发炎,发红的兔子的海报常代表着人们对在

动物身上进行化妆品测试的反对。现在,在整个欧盟,其中的一些最

严酷的测试将被禁止。

所谓的“Draize”试验指的是一些名声狼藉的实验程序,主要是

在实验里的活体兔子的眼睛和皮肤上实验某种化妆品成分。兔子的反

应将被用来衡量该成分的刺激性。然而,4月27日,“欧洲替代方法

的审批中心”(ECVAM)的'独立科学顾问委员会批准了一系列人性化的

替代实验。其中两种替代方式就是利用从屠宰场回收的废弃动物组织

来进行化学品活体实验,或验证化学品对眼睛是否具有严重刺激性。

另外两种方式是取消动物活体实验,代之以体外细胞培养,这样可以

确定化学品对皮肤的刺激性。第五种替代实验是用来验证化学品是否

会引起皮肤过敏:仅第五种替代实验,每年就会节省数十万只实验小

白鼠。

上述这些人性化的替代实验已经存在很多年了,但是要想实施它

们,ECVAM需要证明比起活体动物实验,这些替代测试的效果一样甚

至更好:既然委员会已批准了替代实验,那么在欧洲化妆品的指导原

则下,化妆品公司继续使用活体动物进行实验就是违法的。各个成员

国的监管机构也不得不禁止其使用=尽管有了这些改变,但是,在进一

步的替代试验被批准之前或者2009年前,化妆品公司仍然可以在活体

动物的眼睛上实验一些相对温和的化学物质。2009年,无论替代实验

是否被批准,欧洲将禁止大多数化妆品的活体动物测试。

答案及精析

【精析】本句意为“现在,在整个欧盟,其中的一些最严酷的测

试将被禁止。”根据上文语句“…symbolized campaigns against

the testing ofcosmetics on animals”的提示,此空应填“tests”。

【精析】本句意为“所谓的‘Draize’试验指的是一些名声狼藉

的实验程序。主要是在实验室里的活体兔子的眼睛和皮肤上实验某种

化妆品成分。”根据语法分析,“involve applying cosmetics

ingredients…”是修饰“a series of notorious procedures”的定语

从句,所以此空应填定语从句引导词“that”。本题也可填“which”。

【精析】本句翻译见32题。“apply sth.”是固定搭配,

意为“应用于,适用于”。所以此空应填“to”。

【精析】本句意为“兔子的反应将被用来衡量该成分的刺激性。”

根据上下文语意,所以此空应填动词被动态形式“used”。

ient

【精析】本句翻译见34题。根据上文“…involve applying

cosmetics in—gredients…”的提示,所以此空应填“.ingredient”。

本文标签: 实验活体动物替代应填