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2024年5月2日发(作者:)

cisco路由器常用的查看端口和通道状况的命令

cisco, 路由器, 端口, 通道, 命令

下面以Cisco1800路由器为例,介绍一下常用的查看端口和通道状况的命令。 在MS-DOS

窗口里敲入命令telnet+IP地址,回车,即可远程登录路由器。一般用路由器局域网口地

址。

1,用R1#sh ip int b命令查看端口状态

R1#sh ip int b

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

FastEthernet0/0 100.100.100.226 YES NVRAM up up

FastEthernet0/1 200.200.200.226 YES NVRAM up up

Serial0/0/0 72.22.81.102 YES NVRAM up up

Serial0/0/1 72.22.81.109 YES NVRAM up up

正常情况下,思科1800路由器四个端口的Status和protocol都是up的。

2,用R1#sh int s0/0/0查看链路状态和通道情况

Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up //接口与协议都已启动(正常)

Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is down //接口启动,协议没有匹配成功(端口无物

理故障,但通道不通)

Serial0/0/0 is down, line protocol is down (notconnect)//接口与协议都DOWN掉,

本端端口没有与对方建立物理连接,可能是对方设备没有开启,对方端口故障或者线路故

障造成。

Serial0/0/0 is down, line protocol is down //接口与协议都DOWN掉(协转没有工作)

Serial0/0/0 is down,line protocol is down(disable)//端口出现物理性故障,需更

换端口。

Serial0/0/0 is administratively down,line protocol is down //接口关闭,可用命令

打开。

Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is down(looped) //此通道上有环(无论在协转、

DDF架、SDH上做环,在路由器里看到的显示是一样的)。

Serial0 is up, line protocol is down

Hardware is PowerQUICC Serial

Interface is unnumbered. Using address of FastEthernet0/0 (172.22.128.193)

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,

reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 //通道的可靠性

Encapsulation PPP, LCP Listen, loopback not set

Last input 00:00:27, output 00:00:27, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:02:52 //上次计数器清零到现在的时

Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0

Queueing strategy: weighted fair

Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)

Conversations 0/2/256 (active/max active/max total)

Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)

Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec

5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

30 packets input, 420 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

6552 input errors, 0 CRC, 4 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort// 输入错误包数

60 packets output, 840 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 9 interface resets

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

0 carrier transitions

DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up

通道的可靠性,正常值是255/255,如果低于254将会造成丢包。可靠性越低,通道越差,

错误包越多。

DCD 数据载体检测DTE CARrfer derect

DSR 数据设置就绪DATA SET READY

DTR 数据终端就绪DTE IS READY

RTS 请求发送Reguest To Send

CTS 清除发送Clear To send

3,路由器端口计数器清零

有故障的通道往往造成路由器接口的输入错误包数量很高,不便于比较查看。这时最好把

接口数据包计数器清零,使其重新开始计数。用R1#clear coun命令清零。

R1#clear coun

4,判断以太网端口故障

用R1#sh int f0/0 来检查以太网口及其链路的状态,如下所示:

R1#sh int f0/0

FastEthernet 0 is up,line protocol is up //连接正常

Ethernet 0 is up,line protocol is down //连接故障,路由器没有连接到局域网

Ethernet 0 is down,line protocol is down(disable) //接口故障

Ethernet 0 is administratively down,line protocol is down //接口被关闭,可用命

令打开

5,查看相邻路由器

用R2#sh cdp nei命令查看相邻路由器,输出如下:

R2#sh cdp nei

Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge

S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater

Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID

R1 Ser 0/0/0 133 R S I 1841 Ser 0/0/1

S2_SW1 Fas 0/0 125 S I WS-C2960-2Fas 0/6

S2_SW2 Fas 0/1 140 S I WS-C2960-2Fas 0/22

R3 Ser 0/0/1 156 R S I 1841 Ser 0/0/0

此命令可以查看到相邻的思科路由器和思科交换机,可以验证设备是否相通,以及连接关

系是否正确。

6,观察路由器告警和报错信息

路由器发生故障或状态发生变化的时候,会发出告警、报错、提示信息。如果是用telnet

命令登录路由器的话,不能直接看到这些信息,需要输入R1# ter mon命令后,才能使这

些信息显示在MS-DOS窗口上。

R1#ter mon

该命令可以使你及时了解路由器状态变化,便于发现和排除故障。

本文标签: 路由器端口通道