admin管理员组文章数量:1530836
2024年5月24日发(作者：)
主谓一致
majority作主语时的主谓一致问题
1. the majority表示“大多数”时，为集合名词；单独用作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如
果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
The majority agree [agrees] with me. 大多数人同意我的意见。
The majority was [were] in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议。
但是若单独用的 the majority后跟有复数表语，则谓语通常要用复数。如：
The majority are young people. 大多数是年轻人。
2. “the majority of+复数名词”用作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，但偶尔也可用单数。如：
The majority of his books are kept upstairs. 他的大部分书藏在楼上。
The majority of people realize the importance of limiting population growth.
大多数人意识到了限制人口的重要性。
The majority of students were [was] indifferent to the political meeting. 大多数学生对政治集会漠不关心。
3. “the majority of+集合名词”用作主语时，谓语动词可用单数（视为整体）或复数（考虑其个体）。如：
The vast majority of the population lives [live] in utter misery. 这里的绝大多数人生活在极度贫困之中。
4. “the majority of+不可数名词”用作主语时，谓语动词总是用单数。如：
The majority of the work has been finished. 大部分工作已完成。
The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 这次的损害大部分容易补救。
注：按传统语法，the majority of只用于修饰可数名词复数或具有复数意义的集合名词，但在现代英语中也
可用于修饰不可数名词。
5. “a majority of+复数名词”用作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。如：
A majority of visitors have arrived. 大多数参观者已经到了。
A clear majority of voters were in favour of the motion. 绝大多数选民赞成这一动议。
A majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio. 大部分人似乎喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机。
jewel和jewellery作主语时的主谓一致问题
1. jewel有两个意思是，一是表示“宝石”，为可数名词，用作主语时，其后谓语动词的数由jewel的数决
定（即jewel为单数，谓语动词用单数；jewel为复数，谓语动词用复数）；二是表示“（镶有宝石的）首饰”，此
时通常用复数形式，此时若用作主语，谓语动词通常用复数。如：
A jewel has fell off her ring. 他的戒指掉了一颗宝石。
The jewels were her personal property. 这些首饰是她的私人财产。
1
2. jewellery（也可写成jewlry）用于表示“珠宝”“首饰”的总称，为不可数名词，只表示单数意义；若用作主
语，谓语动词通常用单数。如：
All her jewellery was in pawn. 她所有的珠宝首饰都典当了。
Her sparkling jewellery serves as the perfect foil for her fine complexion.
她戴着闪闪生辉的首饰，更显得容貌姣好。
generation作主语时的主谓一致问题
generation的意思是“一代（人）”，为集合名词；用作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果
强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Each generation has its own standards of judgement. 每一代都有它自己的判断标准。
My generation behaves differently from my father’s and grandfather’s.
我这一代人和我父辈及祖辈表现不同。
The older generation have a different set of values. 老一辈人有一套不同的价值观。
在许多情况下，谓语用单数或复数均可以。如：
The younger generation smoke [smokes] less than their parents did. 年轻一代比他们的父辈抽烟抽得少。
crew作主语时的主谓一致问题
■crew表示飞机或轮船的全体工作人员时，是集合名词。用作主语时，若视为整体，谓语用单数；若考虑
其个体，谓语用复数。如：
The crew is large. 工作人员众多。
The crew of the plane are ten in all. 这架飞机的机组人员一共10人。
The crew are paid to do all the work on the ship. 船员被雇佣在船上工作。
■若crew受到some of, most of, many of等的修饰，谓语要用复数。如：
The ship was wrecked, and most of the crew were drowned. 那艘船意外遇难，大部分船员都淹死了。
■另外，crew本身通常不用复数，除非是表示不同船或不同飞机的全体工作人员，此时若用作主语，谓语要
用复数。
couple作主语时的主谓一致问题
couple表示“夫妇”“夫妻”且用作主语时，谓语动词可用单数（视为整体，尤其是当有each, every, only
one等修饰时）或复数（考虑其个体）。如：
The couple were married last week. 这一对夫妇是上星期结的婚。
Each couple was asked to complete a form. 要求每对夫妇填一张表。
有时语境上不明确强调个体还是整体，则用单数或复数均可：
The couple is [are] spending its [their] honeymoon. 这对新婚夫妻在度蜜月。
2
另外，couple还可表示“一些”“几个”，此时表示复数意义，用作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。如：
我的几个朋友准备开办一个旅行社。
误：A couple of my friends is going to open a travel agency.
正：A couple of my friends are going to open a travel agency.
从句主语时谓语用单数还是复数
当从句用作主语时，主句的谓语动词通常用单数。如：
That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着，真是奇迹。
That we shall be late is certain. 我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。
What she lacks is experience. 她缺的是经验。
What he says is not important. 他说的话并不重要。
Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是对的。
When we arrive doesn’t matter. 什么时候到没有关系。
How it was done was a mystery. 这是怎样做的是一个谜。
How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。
Who he is doesn’t concern me. 他是谁与我无关。
Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine. 违反本法者应予以罚款。
若用作主语的是what引导的从句，且其后为系表结构，此时需注意以下两点：
1. 若表语为复数，主句谓语通常用复数。如：
What I want are details. 我要的是细节()。
What is needed are rational and firm actions. 所需要的是合理的坚决的行动。
2. 若what从句中的what表复数意义，则主句谓语动词要用复数。如：
His muscles were wasting away, and what were left were flabby.
他的肌肉正在消耗，所剩下的就是松弛的皮肉。
we each等作主语谓语用单数还是复数
we each等作主语时，谓语动词应用复数，因为当we each作主语时，真正的主语是we，其后的each是修
饰we的同位语。如：
We each have a map. 我们每人都有一张地图。
We each think the same. 我们大家想到一起了。
We each know how the other is getting along. 我们每人都知道对方的情况。
类似地，当they each, the children each, the teachers each等用作主语时，谓语动词也应用复数，而非单数。
如：
3
They each have their own share. 他们每人都有一份。
They each were fitted with a barred door. 它们每个都装有带门闩的门。
The plans each have certain advantages and disadvantages. 这些计划各有其优点和缺点。
minority作主语时谓语用单数还是复数
minority表示“少数”时，为集合名词；单独用作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，
谓语动词用复数形式（具体用法与majority大致同相）。如：
The minority is subordinate to the majority. 少数服从多数。
Only a minority of people support these new laws. 只有少数人支持这些新法令。
The nation wants peace; only a minority want the war to continue.
全国希望和平，只有少数人希望战争继续下去。
Only a minority of British households do [does] not have a car. 英国只有少数家庭没有汽车。
management作主语时谓语用单数还是复数
1. 若表示“管理层”“管理人员”，为集合名词；用作主语时，谓语动词可用单数（视为整体）或复数（考虑
其个体）。如：
The management is having talks with the workers. 管理人员正在和工人谈判。
The management want all the employees to be punctual. 管理阶层要求所有职员准时。
The management was [were] in favor of the plan. 经理部赞成这个计划。
2. 若表示“管理”，为不可数名词，用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Poor management sank the project. 管理不善导致这个项目失败。
School management is often too detached from the classroom. 学校管理往往太脱离课堂。
集合名词作主语的主谓一致问题
一、必须用复数的情形
police(警察)，people(人)，cattle(牛，牲口), clothes(衣服)等集合名词作主语时，谓语总是用复数。如：
My clothes were soaked. 我的衣服都湿透了。
The police are looking into the complaint. 警察在了解这项投诉。
Too few people are interested in such music nowadays. 如今对这种音乐有兴趣的人太少了。
二、必须用单数的情形
clothing(衣服)，poetry(诗歌)，baggage / luggage(行李)， furniture(家具)，scenery(景色)，jewellery(珠宝)，
equipment(设备)等不可数的集合名词用作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。如：
Furniture is chiefly made of wood. 家具主要是由木材制造。
Poetry was blooming in China in the Tang dynasty. 中国的诗歌在唐代十分盛行。
4
3. 可用单数或复数的情形
family(家庭)，team(队员)，class(班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，
committee(委员会)，audience(听众)，public(公众)等集合名词用作主语时，其谓语既可用单数，也可用复数：
当它们被视为整体时，谓语用单数；当它们强调个体时，谓语用复数。如：
My family is very large. 我家人很多。(视为整体)
His family are waiting for him. 他家里人在等他。(强调个体成员)
注：有时没有特定的上下文，用单数或复数谓语区别不大。如：
The public are [is] requested not to leave litter in the park.要求公众在公园不要乱扔东西。
the rest (of)等作主语，谓语的数取决于什么
请看下面两道题：
a. The rest of the boys __________ watching TV.
b. The rest of the money __________ stolen.
A. were，were B. was，were C. were，was D. was，was
此题应选 C。all，most，some，half，percent，the rest等词语后接介词of再接名词用作主语时，若该名词
为可数名词的复数形式，则其谓语要用复数形式; 若该名词为不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式，则其谓语要用
单数形式：
1. a. Most of the apples are bad. 这些苹果当中大部分是坏的。
b. Most of the apple is bad. 这个苹果坏了一大部分。
c. Most of the time was spent on it. 这上面花了大部分时间。
2. a. Half of the buildings were destroyed in the fire. 有一半的楼房在大火中被毁。
b. Half of the building was destroyed in the fire. 这座大楼在大火中有一半被毁。
c. Half of the money was spent on food. 有一半的钱用来买食物。
3. a. 30 percent of the workers here are women. 这里的工人有30%是女性。
b. 30 percent of the work has been done. 有 30% 的工作已完成。
c. 30 percent of the wall has been painted. 墙壁有30%已被刷漆。
谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致
题：We Chinese __________ a hard-working people. A. is B. are C. is being D. are being
此题应选B。这里考生要注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致(即谓语与主语保持一致)，而不是表谓一致(即
不是谓语与表语一致)，本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。
注意以下类似例子()：
These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim. 这两本词典是我送给我最好朋友吉姆的礼物。
The planets were the object of his study. 这些行星是他研究的目标。
The most important thing I need is books. 我需要的最重要的东西是书。
The country’s leading export is watches. 这个国家的主输出品是手表。
The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies. 这餐饭最好的部分是咖啡和饼干。
5
但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能，它的谓语到底用单数还是复数，要看具体的语境(多数情
况是看其后面词语的单复数)：
1. a. Who is your brother? 谁是你的兄弟?
b. Who are your brothers? 哪些是你的兄弟?
2. a. What he said is quite correct. 他所说的完全 正确。
b. What he left me are only a few old books. 他 给我留下的只是几本旧书。
is a 还是 are a
谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致，请看下面一题：
We Chinese __________ a hard-working people.
A. is B. are C. is being D. are being
此题应选B。这里考生要注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致(即谓语与主语保持一致)，而不是表谓一致(即
不是谓语与表语一致)，本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。
注意以下类似例子：
These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim. 这两本词典是我送给我最好朋友吉姆的礼物。
The planets were the object of his study. 这些行星是他研究的目标。
The most important thing I need is books. 我需要的最重要的东西是书。
The country’s leading export is watches. 这个国家的主输出品是手表。
The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies. 这餐饭最好的部分是咖啡和饼干。
但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能，它的谓语到底用单数还是复数，要看具体的语境(多数情
况是看其后面词语的单复数)：
1. a. Who is your brother? 谁是你的兄弟?
b. Who are your brothers? 哪些是你的兄弟?
2. a. What he said is quite correct. 他所说的完全正确。
b. What he left me are only a few old books. 他 给我留下的只是几本旧书。
means作主语时谓语动词用单数还是复数
means 表单数意义还是复数意义? 用作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数？如：
All possible means __________ been tired.
Every possible means __________ been tired.
A. have，have B. has，has C. have，has D. has，have
此题应选C。名词means(方法)的单复数同形，用作主语时，其谓语的单复数要视具体含义而定：
1. 如果means与all，such，these，those等词连用，则其含义应该是复数：
These means are very good. 这些方法很好。
Such means sound interesting，but in fact they’reimpossible. 那样的方法听起来有趣，但实际上是不可能的。
2. 如果means与a，such a，this，that，every等词连用，则其含义应该是单数：
Such a means is really unpleasant. 这样的方法确实是令人不愉快。
6
There is an effective means of doing it. 做此事有一种很有效的方法。
3. 有时从句意和上下文无法确定means 到底是单数还是复数，则其谓语用单数或复数均可以：
做这事还有其他的什么办法吗?
正：Are there any other means of doing it?
正：Is there any other means of doing it?
没有好的方法。
正：There is no good means. 正：There are no good means.
more than one作主语谓语动词用单数还是复数
请看两个句子：
More than one boy __________ read the story.
More boys than one __________ read the story.
A. have，have B. has，has C. have，has D. has，have
此题应选D。该题很容易误选A，认为既然more than one意为“不只一个”(＝多个)，那么其谓语就应该
用复数。 其实more than one 用作主语时，谓语通常要用单数(要从形式一致来考虑)。more than one用作主语
时，要注意以下两个结构：
◎“more than one+单数名词”用作主语，其谓语通常用单数(即从形式考虑)
◎“more+复数名词+than one”用作主语，其谓语通常要用复数
也就是说，以上结构中名词的数决定其后动词的数。
不只一个学生受到惩罚。
正：More than one student was punished.
正：More students than one were punished.
类似以上用法的还有：
◎many a+单数名词(意为：许多)，用作主语，谓语用单数(即从形式一致考虑)
◎many+复数名词(意为：许多)，用作主语，谓语要用复数
也就是说，以上结构中名词的数决定其后动词的数。
很多小孩在那儿玩。
正：Many a child was playing there.
正：Many children were playing there.
并列主语受every, each修饰时谓语用单数还是复数
请看两个句子：
Every boy and girl __________ the film.
Each boy and girl __________ the film.
A. likes，likes B. like，like C. likes，like D. like，likes
此题应选A。该题容易误选B，认为主语部分含有 boy 和girl 两部分，应该用复数。其实当两个并列主语
受到 each，every，no等词修饰时，其谓语通常要用单数：
Each boy and (each) girl was in white. 每个男孩和女孩都穿着白衣服。
7
Every man and woman was interested in it. 每一个男人和女人都对此感兴趣。
Each book and each paper was in proper place. 每本书和每张报纸都摆放得井井有条。
Every man and (every) woman in the village knows this. 这个村子里的男男女女都知道这事。
Every boy and every girl is given an apple. 每个男孩和每个女孩都被发给一个苹果。
No teacher and (no) student was present. 没有一个老师和学生出席。
He listened carefully，but no sound and no voice was heard. 他仔细地听，但是没听到一点声音。
连词or与主谓一致
■You or he __________ to blame.
■_________ you or he to blame?
A. is，Is B. are，Are C. is，Are D. are，Is
此题应选C。在通常情况下，两个并列主语由or，，，but，but (also)等
连接时，其谓语通常与第二个主语(即临近的一个主语) 保持一致：
1. One or two days _________ enough to see the city.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
2. Neither my wife nor I myself _________ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
3. Not only I but also Jane and Mary __________ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
4. Not the teacher，but the students _________ looking forward to seeing the film.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
注意在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语 (即临近的一个主语)保持一致：
a. You or he is to blame. 你或他有一人要受责备。
b. Are you or he to blame? 受责备的是你还是他?
顺便说一句，在现代英语中用，等连接主语时也可一律用复数(但考生在应试时应避免)。
答案：1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B
这类结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致
A library wit five thousand books __________ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
【分析】此题应选A。用连词and连接的两个并列主语，其谓语要用复数，但是若主语后跟有with，like，b
ut，except，besides，including，together with，along with，as well as，more than，no less than，rather than等
连接的另一个名词，其谓通常要与前面一个主语保持一致：
1. Nobody but Betty and Mary _________ late for class yesterday.
A. was B. were C. has been D. have been
2. A woman with some children _________ soon.
A. is coming
B. are coming C. has come D. have come
8
3. No one except my parents _________ anything about this.
A. know B. knows C. is known D. are known
4. The teacher as well as the students _________ the book already.
A. has read B. have read C. are reading D. is reading
5. All but one ________ in the accident.
A. was killed B. were killed C. will be killed D. are killed
答案：1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B
主谓一致的易错点归纳
■不定式短语、动词-ing形式或名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Remember /To remember English words is not easy. 记英语单词不容易。
Who will do the job hasn’t been decided yet. 谁来做这项工作还没决定。
注：what引导主语从句时，如果其表语是复数形式，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：
What he took with him were two books. 他带去的是两本书。
■“名词或代词+由with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, but ,except, including, in addition to,
like, no less than, rather than等引起的短语”作主语时，谓语动词与前面的名词或代词的数一致。如：
Mr Li together with his two sons has gone to the cinema. 李先生和他的两个儿子看电影去了。
No one except the two boys was late for class. 除了两个男孩外，没有一个人迟到。
Li Ming, rather than his classmates, has let out the secret. 是李明透露了那个消息而不是他的同学透露的。
■“more than one/many a + 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
More than one person has known it. 不止一个人知道这件事。
Many a worker was killed in the accident. 在这个事故中死了许多工人。
注：“More+复数名词 than one”作主语，谓语则用复数形式。如：
More persons than one have known it. 不止一个人知道这件事。
■“一两个……”，用“one or two+名词复数”表达时，谓语用复数；用“a(an) +名词单数or two”表达时，
谓语动词用单数形式。如：
One or two days are enough for them.
=A day or two is enough for them. 给他们一两天时间足够了。
■and连接两个名词一起作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如：
Lily and Kite are kind to me. 莉莉和凯特都对我很好。
但是，当两个名词表示同一人、同一事物、同一概念或一个完整的东西时(其特征是and后的名词前无任何
冠词) ，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The teacher and writer has come. 那个教师兼作家已经来了。
(The teacher and the writer have come. 那个教师和那个作家都到来了。)
9
Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 奶油面包是西方的日常食物。
A knife and fork is on the table. 有一副刀叉在桌上。
注：当and连接的并列单数主语前分别有no，each, every, many a, more than one 等修饰时，谓语动词用
单数形式。如：
Many a teacher and many a student has seen the film. 许多教师和学生都看过这部电影。
■不定代词one, no one, the other, another, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody,
nobody, anything, something, everything, nothing, each, either 以及被each, every修饰的名词做主语，尽管
有些表达复数意义，但是，它们的谓语应该用单数形式。如：
Is everybody here today? 大家都到齐了吗？
Neither (book) is good. 两本书都不好。
None knows the weight of another’s burden. 见人挑担不吃力。
注：neither, none做主语时，口语中或非正式文字中，谓语动词通常用复数，正式的书面语中用单数。如：
Are/Is neither of the teams playing this week? 这个星期两个队中有哪一个队要进行比赛？
None of them has/have been to the Great Wall. 他们中没有一个人去过长城。
不过，none作主语，其表语是单数，谓语用单数；表语是复数，谓语则用复数。
■在定语从句中，当关系代词 who, which或 that做主语时，从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。如：
The teacher who teaches us English is from England. 教我们英语的教师是英国人。
Are these the books that were bought yesterday? 这些就是昨天买的书吗？
I, who am a new teacher, will teach you English. 我，一个新教师，将教你们英语。
■“one of+名词复数”后面的定语从句， 谓语动词应该用复数；而“the (only) one of + 名词复数”后面的
定语从句的谓语应该用单数形式。如：
He is one of the students that have passed the exam 他是通过了考试的学生之一。
He is the (only) one of the students that has passed the exam. 他就是通过考试的那个学生。
■某些集体名词，如family, audience, class, club, company, crew, enemy, government, group, party, public,
team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词
用复单数形式。如：
My family are all fond of going to the cinema. 我全家都爱看电影。
The family is rather big, with twelve people in all. 这个家庭很大，总共有12个人。
■当表示时间、距离、金额等度量的复数名词作主语，把它看作一个整体时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：
Surely 15 minutes is enough time for you to have a coffee. 你喝杯咖啡15分钟当然足够了。
但若与pass, go by, spend, waste等连用时，谓语动词用复数。如：
Six months have passed, and we still have no news of them. 六个月过去了，我们依然没有他们的消息
■由两个部分构成一个整体的物品名词做主语，如shoes, glasses, boots, socks, scissors, compasses, trousers,
10
shorts等，谓语通常用复数形式。如：
His trousers are new. 他的裤子是新的。
但带有pair这样的量词时，谓语要与量词的数保持一致。如：
That pair of trousers was sold out. 那条裤子卖出去了。
■“分数（百分数）+ of + 名词”以及 “all (most, some, any, half, a lot, part, the rest) + of + 名词”做
主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词的数一致。如：
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is water. 地表四分之三都是水。
Twenty percent of the oranges are bad. 这桔子百分之二十都坏了。
All of my classmates like music. 我们所有的同学都喜欢音乐。
All of the water is gone. 那些水全都没有了。
The rest of the students have gone home. 其余的学生都回家了。
The rest of the money was stolen. 其作的钱被人偷了。
■“a (the, this, that) kind /sort / type of + 名词”做主语，谓语用单数形式；但“these (those, all, many, s
ome) kinds of + 名词”做主语，谓语则用复数形式。如：
This kind of book is useful for us. 这种书对我们很用。
Many kinds of shoes are on sale in that shop. 那个店里有许多种鞋出售。
注：“名词+ of a (the, this, that, these, those, all, some, many等) + kind(s) ”做主语，谓语动词的数与前面
名词的数一致。如：
Book of this kind is useful for us. 这种书对我们有用。
Apples of these kinds are sour. 这种苹果是酸的。
■在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：
On the wall hang two large portraits. 墙上挂着两幅大肖像。
Between the two rows of trees stands the teaching building. 要两排树之间是教学楼。
■“a number of +复数名词”意为“许多”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of +复数名词”意为
“……的数目”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons. 被邀请
的人是五十个，但由许多人由于不同原因缺席了。
■“a lot of /lots of /plenty of /a large quantity of /a large amount of +名词”作主语，谓语动词的数与名词
的数一致；如：
A large amount of damage was done in a very short time. 在短时间内造成了很大的损害。
A great amount of our investments are in property. 我们大量的钱都投资到房地产中。
但“(large /huge) quantities /amounts of名词”作主语，谓语动词一般用复数。如：
Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 那座桥耗费了大量金钱。
11
■“a +单数名词+and a half”和“one and a half +复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
One and a half pears has been left on the table. 盘子里剩下一个半梨子。
采用“就近原则”的两个典型用法
即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
1. 连词or, not…but…, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数
与靠近它的主语一致。如：
Not his parents but he doesn’t want to go. 是他的父母亲不想去而不是他不想去。
Neither you nor I am a stranger here. 你和我都不是刚来这里。
Does neither he nor his classmates know the secret? 他和他的同学都不知道这个密秘？
2. 当there be后有两个或几个并列的主语时，be的数由与其靠得最近的那个主语一致。如：
There is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate. 盘子里有一个苹果，两个梨子和一些桔子。
There are two pears, some oranges and an apple on the plate. 盘子里有两个梨子，一些桔子和一个苹果。
意义一致的三个典型用法
1. 形式上虽为单数，但意义为复数名词，如the police, people, cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
Cattle eat grass. 牛吃草。
The police were called in. 警察被召来了。
注：people 作“民族”解时，其单数形式为people，复数形式为peoples，作主语时，应用语法一致原则。
如：
The Chinese people is a great people. 中华民族是一个伟大的民族。
56 peoples make up the big family of China. 56个民族构成中国这个大家庭。
2. 主语是指一类人的“the+形容词（或过去分词）”时，谓语动词通常用复数，这类词有：the brave, the
poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured,
the wounded, the unemployed等。另外，像the Chinese, the British, the Irish等表示一个国家或民族的人的总
称，作主语时，谓语动词也用复数。如：
The injured were taken to hospital. 受伤的人都送进了医院。
The English do not drink much wine. 英国人不喝很多酒。
3. 形式上为复数，而意义上却是单数的名词，如news, mathematics, physics，politics, economics及以s结
尾的书名、国名等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Mathematics is the language of science. 数学是科学语言。
His “Selected Poems” was first published in 1965. 他的诗歌选集最早是1965年出版的。
并列结构作主语的主谓一致
12
1. 就近型：由or, either…or, neither…or, not… but…, not only…but also等连接的并列成分作主语时，其
谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致。如：
Neither you nor he is tired. 你和他都没累。
Not you but I am to blame. 不是你的错而是我的错。
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。
2. 就远型：由as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than 等连接的并列成分作主语，其
谓语通常与前面一个主语保持一致。如：
The son, as well as his parents, wants to go there. 不但儿子想去那儿，而且他的父母也想去。
3. 复数型：由and和and连接的并列成分作主语，其谓语总是用复数。如：
(Both) New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
注：当由and连接的两个并列主语受each, every, no的修饰时，其谓语用单数。另外，当and连接的两个的
词语指同一个人或事物时，其谓语也要用单数。如：
Every man and woman wants to join it. 每个男女都想加入它。
A teacher and poet visited our school the other day. 早几天一位教师诗人参观了我们学校。
不定代词作主语的主语一致归纳
1. 单数型：someone, anyone, no one, everyone, something, nothing等复合不定代词作主语，谓语用单数；e
ither, neither, each, little, much 等不定代词作主语时，谓语也用单数。如：
Nothing is yet certain. 一切都还没有肯定。
Neither was satisfactory. 两者都不使人满意。
No one goes to the school during the vacation. 假期时没人到学校去。
2. both, few, several, many作主语：此时谓语要用复数。如：
Few of them are any good. 它们没有几个有用。
Many have given their lives in the cause of truth. 为了真理许多人献出了生命。
3. all 作主语：若指人，谓语用复数；若指事物或现象，谓语通常用单数。如：
All are equal before the law. 法律面前，人人平等。
All is well that ends well. 结局好一切都好。
注：若all 后修饰有其他名词或接有“of+名词”，则其谓语与其中名词的数保持一致。
All (of) the money is mine. 所有这些钱都是我的。
All (of) his friends are poor. 他所有的朋友都很穷。
13
4. none (of) 作主语：若指不可数名词，谓语用单数；若指复数可数名词，谓语可用单数(较正式)或复数(非
正式)。如：
None of the rooms are ready. 房间一个也没准备好。
None of this milk can be used. 这牛奶一点都不能用了。
None of the telephones is [are] working. 没有一部电话中是好的。
5. the rest 作主语：指不可数名词时谓语用单数，指可数名词时谓语用复数。如：
The rest of the money is yours. 剩余的钱归你。
The rest are arriving later. 其他人稍候就到。
“主语+介词短语”作主语时的主谓一致
按英语习惯，介词短语通常不用作主语，所以当主语后跟有一个介词短语时，其后谓语动词的数只与介词短
语前面的主语保持一致，而与介词短语无关。如：
A woman with two children has come. 一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。
Everybody but you knows what was happening. 除了你以外，人人都知道出了什么事。
The teacher, together with some of his pupils, was cleaning the room. 教师和他的一些学生一起在打扫教
室。
以下两例中的 as well as 也可视为介词，其后谓语与 as well as 前面的主语保持一致：
The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting. 学生和他们的老师出席了会议。
I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅他们愿意帮助你，我也愿意帮助你。
从句作主语时的主谓一致
从句(即主语从句)作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：
Whoever told you that was lying. 不管这话是谁对你说的，都是撒谎。
Whichever climber gets to the top first will get a ￡5,000 prize.
不管是谁首先爬到山顶都将获得5000英镑的奖金。
Whether he has signed the contract or not doesn’t matter. 他是否在合同上签了字，是无关紧要的。
What he chiefly wished for was a chance to explain. 他主要希望能有一个解释的机会。
注：当主语从句后接的表语时复数时，有时也可用复数谓语。如：
What she needs is (are) friends. 她需要的是朋友。
非谓语动词作主语时的主谓一致
非谓语动词(主要指不定式或动名词)作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：
1. 动名词作主语
Having to change trains is a small inconvenience. 换乘火车多少有些不便。
Being deaf and dumb makes communication very difficult. 又聋又哑很难与人交往。
14
Watching the event on television was a poor substitute for actually being there.
从电视上观看那个比赛比现场观看可差远了。
Reading by artificial light is bad for the eyes. 阅读时使用人工照明会损害眼睛。
Writing a dictionary is a long and difficult business but we’re getting there.
编写词典是费时费事的工作, 但我们一定能成功。
Writing a book was a more difficult job than he’d thought. 写书这工作可比他原来想像的难得多。
2.
不定式作主语
To say you were ignorant of the rules is no excuse. 说自己不知道规则是不能成为藉口的。
How to earn daily bread by my pen was then the problem. 如何靠我的笔维持生计在当时是一难题。
To have such an easy examination paper was a gift from the gods.
碰到这样容易的考卷, 那是老天爷的恩赐。
To say you were ignorant of the rules is no excuse. 说自己不知道规则是不能成为藉口的。
To say that he was displeased is an understatement. 说他不高兴是重事轻说。
To move house requires forward planning. 要搬家得先做好计划。
To have told my secret would have given me away. 要是讲出了我的秘密就是把我自己出卖了。
one in [out of]…作主语时的主谓一致
当one in…或one out of…用作主语时，其后谓语动词通常用单数，因为真正用作主语的是one。如：
Only one in ten students has passed the examination. 只有十分之一的学生通过了考试。
One out of twelve bottles was broken. 每12个瓶子中有一个破了。
但是，在非正式文体中有时也用复数谓语。如：
Nationwide, one in five adults are illiterate. 就全国范围而言，五个成年人中有一个是文盲。
百分数作主语谓语动词的数的问题
■将近百分之七十的资金由政府提供。
误：Nearly 70% of the fund were supplied by the Government.
正：Nearly 70% of the fund was supplied by the Government.
析：“数词＋percent of＋名词”作主语时，其谓语的数原则上与该结构中名词的数保持一致(这也是各级考试
常遵循的原则)，比较：
About 30 percent of the pupils were absent that day. 那天大约有30%的学生迟到。
注：在现代英语中，有时即使以上结构中的名词为复数, 其谓语也可用单数(即将其视为 整体)，如：
Over sixty per cent of families own [owns] a television. 百分之六十以上的家庭已拥有电视机。
15
■现在大分部分教科书都有插图。
误：A large percentage of schoolbooks now has pictures.
正：A large percentage of schoolbooks now have pictures.
析：“a large (small) percentage of＋名词”结构用作主语时, 其谓语的数原则上与该结构中名词的数保持一
致。比较：
Only a small percentage of the money is mine. 这笔钱当中只有一少部分是我的。
注：若其中的名词为表示可数意义的集合名词，则其谓语根据情况可用单数(视为整体)或复数(考虑其个体)，
如：
What percentage of the population read(s) books? 识字的人占人口的百分之几?
这几道题的谓语用单数还是用复数
请看下面这一道题：
题一：The boys and the girls each _________ to do something different, which _________the teacher unea
sy.
A. want, make B. wants, makes C. want, makes D. wants, make
许多同学认为，each 表示“每个”，表单数意义，所以第一空填 wants，第二空前的 which 指前句所说的情
况，表单数意义，所以第二空填 makes，从而确定答案为B。该分析只对了一半，即第二空填 makes 的分析是
对的，而第一空填 wants 的分析则不对。其实，此题的最佳答案为C，即第一空应填复数动词 want，因为此句
的主语 the boys and the girls，而 each 只是主语的同位语，按照英语语法，谓语应与其相应的主语保持一致(即
所谓的主谓一致)，而不是与主语的同位语保持一致。
题二：He speaks French _________ German, but his mother _________ is English.
A. as well as, language
C. so well as, language
B. as well as, tongue
D. so well as, tongue
答案选B，第一空应填 as well as，表示“而且，还，和”，第二空格应填 tongue，mother tongue 意为“母语”。
许多同学想当然地认为“母语”是mother language，其实错了。英语中表示“母语”有三种常用的方法：native lang
uage，native tongue，mother tongue，但是习惯上却不说 mother language。
题三：More than one student _________ read the novels, which _________ written by David.
A. has, was B. have, were C. has, were D. have, was
【分析】此题容易误选B，其实最佳答案为C。more than one student (不止一个学生) 从形式上看是单数，
但从意义上却是复数，它用作主语时，英语习惯上让其谓语与该主语的形式（而不是意义）保持一致，即用单数
谓语。至于第二空要用复数，因为 which 指的是 novels，故谓语用 were(from )。
population作主语的主谓一致问题
一、总的原则
16
1.表示意义较抽象的“人口”时，表单数意义；表示某地区的全体居民时，为集合名词，既可表示单数意义
(视为整体)也可表示复数意义(考虑其个体)。如：
China’s population is by far the largest of any country. 中国是全世界人口最多的国家。
Most of the population has [have] fled. 大部分居民都逃走了。
Half the world’s population doesn’t [don’t] get enough to eat. 世界有一半人口没有足够的食物吃。
What percent of the population read [reads] books? 识字的人占人口总数的百分之几?
注：有的人认为，当population作主语时谓语动词一般用单数，但若前面有分数或百分数修饰时，谓语动词
用复数——这是不准确的说法，以上例句均引自权威词典，完全可以说明这一问题！
二、注意之处
若其后跟的是系表结构，且表语为复数，谓语动词要用复数。如：
One third of the population here are farmers. 这里三分之一的人口是工人。
时间、距离、金额作主语时的主谓一致
表示时间、距离、度量、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语，被看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；若强调个体也
可以复数。如：
Twenty years is a long time. 二十年是很长时间。
Two kilometers is a long way to go on foot. 步行两千米是一段很长的路程。
Six months have passed, and we still have no news of them. 六个月过去了，我们依然没有他们的消息。
比较：
Ten dollars is too much for this old coin. 这个古币没有10块钱这么高的价格。
Three dollars were paid for the old coin. 那个古钱花了3块钱。
Twenty years is a long time. 20年是一段很长的时间。
Twenty years have passed since they got married. 他们结婚已有20年了。
many a与more than one作主语时谓语的数
many a的意思是“许多”，more than one的意思是“不止一个”，从意义上，它们表示复数，但用作主语时，
谓语却习惯上用单数。如：
■ many a
Many a fine man has died in that battle. 许多优秀的士兵死于那次战役。
Many a ship has been wrecked on those rocks. 许多船只毁于那些礁石之上。
Many a young man has tried and failed. 很多年轻人都试过，而且失败了。
17
Many a successful store has paid its rent cheerfully. 许多成功的店铺都非常乐意地付了房租。
■ more than one
More than one man has been dismissed. 不止一人被解雇了。
More than one person is involved in this. 与此事有牵连的人不止一个。
If things don’t get better, more than one person is going to have to find a new job. 如果情况没有好转，
需要另谋新工作的就不是个别人了。
比较
：
Many a boy likes swimming.=Many boys like swimming. 许多男孩子喜欢游泳。
More than one student has read the book.=More students than one have read the book.
不止一个学生读过这书。
“the+形容词”作主语时的主谓一致
一、“the+形容词”作主语时，若指一类人，则谓语用复数。如：
The young are mostly ambitious. 年轻人多半有雄心。
The sick and the wounded were sent home. 伤病员都送回家了。
The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. 富者愈富，贫者愈贫。
The injured were carried away on stretchers. 用担架把受伤的人抬走了。
The old are more likely to catch cold than the young. 老年人比年轻人更容易感冒。
二、若指个别或抽象概念，谓语用单数。如：
The beautiful is not always the useful. 美的并不总是有用的。
The unknown is always something to be feared. 未知的东西总是一种令人害怕的东西。
The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true. 美未必是善，善未必是真。
注：有个别的“the+形容词”结构既表示单数意义，也表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语动词用单数还是复
数需视情况而定。如：the good 指“好人”时表复数意义，指“善”时表单数意义；the accused 指一名被告时
表单数意义，指多名被告时表复数意义。比较：
The accused was acquitted of the charge. 被告被宣告无罪。(指一人)
The accused were acquitted of the charge. 被告均被宣告无罪。(指多人)
a (the) number of…作主语时谓语的数
一、“the number +复数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。如：
The number of the students increased to 500. 学生人数增加到了500人。
The number of students absent is 6. 缺席的学生人数为6。
18
The number of jobs is increasing. 工作的数目正在增加。
The number of chairs in the room is ten. 屋内椅子共有十把。
The number of the unemployed is still increasing. 失业的人还在增加。
The number of cars has greatly in creased. 轿车的数量大大地增加了。
The number of stamp-collectors is growing apace. 集邮者的人数在迅速增加。
And here are the main points of the news again. The pound has fallen against the dollar. The Prime
Minister has said that the government’s economic policies are working. The number of unemployed has reache
d five million. There has been 下面把新闻要点再说一遍。英镑对美元的比价已经下跌。首相说政府的
经济政策正在起作用。失业人数已经达到500万。发生了一场大火……
二、“a number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。如：
A number of people were injured. 不少人受了伤。
There were a number of swans on the lake. 湖上有好些天鹅。
There are a number of factors which we’re to consider. 有很多因素我们需要考虑。
A number of houses were burned down in the fire. •在火灾中烧掉了不少房子。
A large number ofpeople have come to see the exhibition. 许多人来看展览会。
A number of workers have recently left the company. 最近有很多工人辞掉了工作。
A number of veterans have retired and some are ready to. 很多老队员已退役，另一些也准备退役。
A number of people have tried to find the treasure, but they have all failed.
许多人都努力寻找宝藏，但是他们都失败了。
单复数同形的名词作主语
有的名词单数与复形同形，如means(方法), sheep(绵羊), fish(鱼), series(系列), works(工厂)等，当它们用作
主语时，其谓语的数需根据这些名词的实际意义来确定(到底表示单数还是复数)，此时要特别注意其修饰语和上
下文语境。如：
Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的办法都试过了。
All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的办法都试过了。
注：若没有特定的修饰语或语境，则用单数或复数谓语均可。如：
Are [Is] there any other means of doing it? 做这事还有其他的什么办法吗?
英语主谓一致详解
1. 代词做主语
A．主语是he, she, it, either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anything, anyone, something, someone,
19
somebody, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等代词时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形
式。如：
(1) Somebody is asking for you. 有人在找你。
(2) Everyone is here. 大家都来了。
(3) There is something wrong with my bike. 没有的单车有点毛病。
B．主语是I(除be 动词用am外) , you, we, they代词时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如：
(1) I like to stay here with you. 我喜欢跟你在这儿。
(2) They are all soldiers. 他们都是战士。
(3) We play football after school. 我们放学后踢足球。
C．主语是：who, what, which, all, more, most, some, any, none, the rest, the remainder时，谓语动词的形
式须依具体情况而定。如：
(1) Who’s the girl over there? 那边的那个女孩是谁？
(2) Who are the boys playing games there? 在那里做游戏的男孩子是哪些人？
(3) What’s this? 这是什么？
(4) What are those? 哪些是什么？
(5) Which is yours? 哪一个是你的？
(6) Which are children’s? 哪一些是孩子们的？
2. 名词做主语
A. 一般说来，不可数名词及可数名词的单数做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：
(1) Water is necessary for living things. 水对于生物来说是必须的。
(2) The desk over there is Li Lei’s. 那边的那张课桌是李蕾的。
(3) The dog is a useful animal. 狗是一种有用的动物。
B. 表示总称意义的名词people (人们，人民), cattle, police，youth做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。
如：
(1) English people are fond of talking about weather. 英国人喜欢谈论天气。
(2) Cattle are farmers’friends. 牛是农民的朋友。
C. 主语是：public, board, family, class, team, group, crowd, audience, company, crew, committee, enemy,
government, herd, jury, party等名词时，如果是作为整体的，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；如果作为其中
一个个的成员，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如：如：
(1) Our class is made up of fifty students. 我们班有五十个学生组成。
(2) Our class are working very hard. 我们班学习都很努力。
(3) His team is very strong. 他们队很强大。
(4) His team are talking with the coach. 他们队在跟教练谈话。
20
D. 主语是：时间、距离、价格、度量衡单位等名词或短语，即使是复数，谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数
形式。如：
(1) Three years passes quickly. 三年很快过去了。
(2) Two meters is not long enough. 两米不够长。(from )
E. 主语是：news, politics, physics, plastics, mathematics等名词虽然以—s结尾，但谓语动词也只能用第三
人称单数形式。如：
(1) Physics is very interesting and useful. 物理既很有趣也很有用。
(2) Plastics is widely used in our daily life. 塑料在日常生活中被广泛地应用。
F. 主语若是书名，剧名、报刊、杂志名称或国家、单位名称时，即使名词是复数形式，谓语动词也只能用
第三人称单数形式。如：
(1) The Arabian Nights is very interesting. 《一千零一夜》很有趣。
(2) The New York Times is popular in America. 《纽约时报》在美国很受欢迎。
G. 在算式里，主语是数词时，谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式。如：
(1) Three and five is eight. 三加五等于八。
(2) Twelve divided by six is two. 十二除以六等于二。
8) 主与是：clothes, compasses, goods, glasses, trousers, scissors, shoes, socks, gloves等名时，谓语动词用
第三人称复数形式。如：
(1) The trousers are not expensive. 这条裤子不贵。
(2) Your socks are over there. 你的袜子在那边。
H. 主语是：a lot of, lots of, plenty，百分比of +名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照名词的数而确定。如：
(1) A lot of people have taken part in the activity. 很多人参加了这次活动。
(2) Lots of water is lost. 大量的水被流失了。
I. 主语是： kind of, type of, pair of, amount of, quantity of + 名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照kind, type,
amount, pair, quantity的数而确定。如：
(1) This pair of trousers was made by Master Li. 这条裤子是李师傅做的。
(2) A large quantity of water in the sea has been polluted. 这个海里大量的水被污染了。
(3) Large quantities of rice have been destroyed in the flood. 大量的庄稼在洪水中被毁坏了。
J. 主语是：the number of + 名词的复数时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：
The number of students in our class is seventy-eight. 我们班的学生数是七十八。
主语是：a number of + 名词复数时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如：
A number of students of our school come from the countryside. 我们学校很多学生来自农村。
K. 主语是：the population时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：
21
(1) What is the population of your town? 你们镇的人口多少？
(2) The population of America is a little over two hundred million. 美国人口数大约是两亿多一点。
主语是：分数 + population时，谓语动词常用第三人称复数形式。如：
About eighty percent of the population in our country are farmers. 我们国家大约有百分之八十的人口是农
民。
L. 主语是：means, works, sheep, fish, Japanese, Chinese等名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照它们在句中的意
义来确定。如：
(1) Every means has been tried but we can’t save him. 每一种方法我们都是用过了，但是我们还是救不了
他。
(2) All the means have been tried but we can’t save him.
所有的方法我们都是用过了，但是我们还是救不了他。
3. 两个或两个以上的名词连在一起做主语
(一) and, and 连接名词或代词做主语
A．谓语一般用复数形式。如：
(1) Li Lei and Liu Mei are both interested in English. 李蕾和魏方都对英语感兴趣。
(2) He and she are good friends. 他跟她是好朋友。
B．and 连接的两个成对的名词，如fork and knife, bread and butter；soda and water； coffee and water；
aim and end；salt and water等，虽有and 连接，但仍表示单一的概念，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。
如：
(1) Where is your fork and knife? 你的刀叉在哪儿？
(2) Is the bread and butter enough for you two? 你们两人吃这一点面包和黄油够了吗？
C．and 连接的两个名词若是指同一个人, 即： and前的名词前有冠词,而and后面的名词前没有冠词。谓语
动词常用第三人称单数形式。如：
I’m told that the monitor and League secretary is ill today. 我听说班长兼团支书今天病了。
D．and所连接的连个名词前分别有: every, each, no, many a等修饰时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：
(1) Every boy and every girl enjoys themselves in the school. 在学校，每一个男孩和女孩都玩得挺开心。
(2) Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting. 在会上，很多老师和学生发了言。
(二) 主语是：连接词or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or…, not…but…, not only…but also…等连
接的名词或代词时，谓语动词的形式须跟与之最接近的名词或代词决定。如：
(1) Neither he nor you are to blame. 他和你都不应该受责备。
(2) Is neither he nor you to blame? 他和你都不应该受责备吗？(from )
(三) 主语是：介词in, out of, with, except, besides, without, as well as, no less than, rather than, more
22
than, but, along with, together with, like, including, in addition to等所连接的两个名词时，谓语动词的形式应与
这些词前面的名词的数保持一致。如：
(1) At the meeting, one in four is against the decision. 会上由四分之一的人反对这一决议。
(2) The teacher with his students is discussing a question. 老师和学生们在讨论问题。
(四) one and a half + 名词复数做主语，即名词超过一，但不满二时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：
One and a half oranges is enough for the baby. 这个孩子有一个半桔子就够了。
(五) many a + 名词单数；more than one + 名词单数；a + 名词单数 + or two等做句子的主语时，谓语
动词用第三人称单数形式。如：
(1) Many a student is interested in English grammar. 很多学生对英语语法感兴趣。
(2) A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad. 一两个工人将被派往国外去工作。
(六) one or two +名词复数做句子的主语时，谓语动词第三人称复数形式。如：
One or two spelling mistakes have been found in your composition. 在你的作文中发现了一两个拼写错误
4. The + 形容词做主语
A．The + 形容词指人做主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式。如：
(1) The poor were usually looked down upon by the rich. 过去，穷人常被富人瞧不起。
(2) The wounded have been taken good care of in the hospital. 伤员在医院受到了很好的照护。
B．The + 形容词指抽象概念做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：
The decayed has been thrown away. 腐烂的东西已经被扔掉了。
5. 主语是句子、短语
A．主语是非谓语动词短语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：
(1) Reading is of much help for learning a language. 阅读对学语言很有帮助。
(2) To keep on doing morning exercises is good. (= It is good to keep on doing morning exercises. )
坚持做早操很有好处。
B．主语是从句时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式，如：
(1) Why he was absent yesterday is being questioned. 他昨天为什么没来正在询问之中。
(2) Where we can get so much money is still a problem. 我们到哪里去弄这么多钱还是个问题。
但what，who引导的从句做主语时，当指具体的东西或人时，谓语动词的形式必须根据具体的意思而定。
如：
What I want are these things.
C．在强调句型“It + be + 被强调的部分 + that / who …”中，be总是用单数形式；that / who后的谓语动
词的形式必须跟被强调的主语保持一致。如：
(1) It was Lin Tao who called you just now. 刚才给你打电话的就是林涛。
(2) It is you that are going to be invited to the party. 只有你将被邀请去参加聚会。
23
D．定语从句中谓语动词的形式必须跟先行词的单、复数形式保持一致。如：
(1) The girl who is speaking on the stage is Zhang Li’s sister. 在台上讲话的那个女孩是张力的姐姐。
(2) The children that are playing games over there are from Hunan. 在那边做游戏的孩子们是湖南人。
注意：在“one of + 名词复数 + 定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式，但当on
e前面有the, the very, the less, the only或形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式，
如：
(1) Li Lei is one of the students who are good at English. 李蕾是英语学得好的学生之一。
(2) Alice is the only one of the girls that is from America. 艾利斯是唯一的一个来美国的女孩。
E．there be结构中be动词的形式由紧接近be后面的名词的形式所决定。如：
(1) There is a teacher and seventy students in the classroom. 教室里有一个老师和七十个学生。
(2) There are seventy students and a teacher in the classroom. 教室里有七十个学生和一个老师。
F．在某些虚拟语气的句子中，无论主语是谁，be动词总是为were的形式。如：
(1) If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky freely. 要是我是一只鸟，我将自由自在地在天空飞翔。
(2) If he were here, I would talk to him face to face. 如果他在这里，我将面对面地跟他谈。
1. 形式一致的原则
一般说来，当作主语的名词或代词是第三人称单数时，谓语动词就用单数形式；当作主语的名词或代词是复
数时，谓语动词就复数形式：如：
(1) He likes skating in winter. 他喜欢冬天滑冰。
(2) Alice reads much. 艾利斯看了很多书。
(3) They don’t live here. 他们不住这里。
2. 意义一致的原则
英语中，有些名词或代词形式上是单数，而意义上可能是复数，这时，谓语动词的形式就须依据名词或代词
的意义决定。如：
(1) People there were very glad to see our team win the match.
在那里的人们看到我们队赢了比赛时都非常高兴。
(2) His family were watching TV when I got to his home. 我到他家时，他家的人在看电视。
(3) Our class are working hard to make ours a good class.
我们班的同学都在努力工作以便是我们班成为优秀班。
3. 邻近一致的原则
英语中，有时几个名词或代词有某些此连接起来一起作句子的主语，此时，谓语动词的形式就须有与之最接
近的名词或代词的人称和数决定。如：
(1) There is a desk and five chairs in his room. 他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。
24
英语主谓一致的三个原则
(2) There are five chairs and a desk in his room. 他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。
(3) Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there. 要么是你要么是李蕾将被派到那里去。
(4) Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there. 是你将被派到那里去还是李蕾将被派到那里去？
几个容易弄错的主谓一致问题
1.“many a +名词”和“more than one +名词”作主语
谓语动词的数通常用单数(即遵循语法一致的原则)：
Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那儿玩。
More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试未及格。
2. each 用于复数名词后作同位语
此时谓语动词用复数：
They each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英汉词典。
The young people each carry a big bag. 这些年轻人个个背着一个大袋子。
3. 主语后接in addition to, with, along with, together with, except, but等介词
其后的动词形式取决介词前主语：
Nothing but trees was to be seen. 除了树木之外什么也看不见。
No one except my parents knows anything about this. 除我父母外没人知道此事。
Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。
4. means作主语
名词means(方法)单数与复数同形，用作主语时，其谓语的单复数要视具体含义而定(尤其注意其前的修饰语)：
These means are very good. 这些方法很好。
Such a means is really unpleasant. 这样的方法确实是令人不愉快。
若没有特定的修饰语或语境，则用单数或复数谓语均可：
There is [are] no good means. 没有好的方法。
Are [Is] there any other means of doing it? 做这事还有其他的什么办法吗?
不定代词作主语时的主谓一致问题
1. someone, anyone等作主语时
someone, anyone, no one, everyone, something, nothing等复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数：
Someone is asking to see you. 有人找你。
Nobody is to blame for it. 这谁也不怨。
No one wants to read such books. 没有人想看那样的书。
2. all 作主语时
若指人，谓语通常用复数；若指事物或现象，谓语通常用单数：
All have gone home. 大家都走了。
25
All that glitters is not gold. 发亮的不一定都是金子。
比较：
All is silent. 万籁俱寂。(指现象)
All are silent. 人人都沉默不语。(指具体的人)
【注意】
若是“all of+名词”作主语，则谓语动词与其中名词的数保持一致。
3. either和neither作主语时
若是单独作主语，谓语通常用单数：
Neither was satisfactory. 两个都不令人满意。
The two guests have arrived, and either is welcome. 两位客人都到了，哪一位都受欢迎。
【注意】
若是“either [neither] of+名词”作主语，则其后的谓语动词可用单数(正式文体)或复数(非正式文体)：
Neither of the two computers is [are] cheap. 这两台电脑都不便宜。
Is [Are] either of the boys ready? 两个男孩都准备好了吗？
I don’t think either of them is [are] at home. 我想他们俩个都会不在家。
4. each作主语或修饰主语时
单独用作主语(或修饰主语)，谓语用单数:
Each student has his own desk. 每个学生都有自己的课桌。
Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase. 两个男孩进来，每人提着一只箱子。
【注意】
(1) 两个或多个“each＋单数名词”结构并列作主语时, 谓语用单数。
(2) “each of＋复数名词或代词”用作主语, 谓语一般要用单数
Each of them was deeply frightened. 他们个个都惊恐万分。(from )
但是在非正式文体中(尤其是当 each of之后的名词较长时)偶尔也可用复数谓语，但很少见，学生宜慎用。
5. none (of) 作主语时
若指不可数名词，谓语用单数；若指复数可数名词，谓语可用单数(正式文体)或复数(非正式文体)：
None of the money is mine. 这笔钱没有一点是我的。
None of the boys like [likes] it. 这些男孩子谁也不喜欢它。
6. 关于“one of+复数名词+定语从句”
在这一结构中，定语从句的谓语用复数取决于先行词是one还是其后的复数名词。一般说来，在这类结构中，
复数名词通常被认为是先行词(即定语从句谓语用复数)，除非one of前有the (only) 修饰(此时定语从句的谓语
用单数)：
He is one of the people who were killed in the accident. 他是事故中丧命的人之一。
He is the only one of the people who was killed in the accident.
26
他是事故中惟一丧命的人。
数量概念作主语时谓语动词的数
1. 表时间长度、钱数、速度等的词组作主语
此时通常将其视为整体，谓语用单数。如：
Twenty years is a long time. 20年是很长的时间。
Ten dollars is all I have left. 我只剩下10美元。
2. 分数(百分数)作主语
“分数(百分数)+of+名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的数与其中名词的数保持一致。如：
About 30 percent of the pupils were absent that day. 那天大约有30%的学生未到。
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea. 地球表面的四分之三是海。
【注意】
在现代英语中，有时即使该结构中的名词为复数，其谓语也可用单数(即将其视为整体)：
Over sixty per cent of families own [owns] a television. 百分之六十以上的家庭已拥有电视机。
3.“one in [out of]+复数名词”作主语
此时谓语动词通常用单数。如：
Only one in ten students has passed the examination. 只有十分之一的学生通过了考试。
One out of twelve bottles was broken. 每12个瓶子中有一个破了。
【注意】
在非正式文体中有时也用复数谓语。如：
Nationwide, one in five adults are illiterate. 就全国范围而言，五个成年人中有一个是文盲。
4.“all of (some of, none of, half of, most of, lots of, plenty of)+名词”作主语
此时谓语动词的数与其中名词的数保持一致。如：
Most of the people are against the plan. 大多数人反对这个计划。
Most of the Earth’s surface is covered by water. 地球的大部分地区被水覆盖。
Half of the apple is bad. 这个苹果有一半是坏的。
Half of the apples are bad. 这些苹果当中有一半是坏的。
5.“one and a half＋复数名词”与“a＋单数名词＋and a half”作主语
此时国内不少书认为，这两个结构作主语，谓语均用单数。如：
One and a half months has passed. / A month and a half has passed. 已经过去了一个半月。
但是，国外一些词书则认为，谓语动词的数取决于这两个结构中名词的数：
One and a half months have passed. / A month and a half has passed. 已经过去了一个半月。
6.“the [a] number of+名词”作主语
该结构若用定冠词，其后谓语用单数；若用不定冠词，其后谓语用复数：
The number of students is 4000. 学生人数为4000。
27
A number of people were absent from the meeting. 许多人开会缺席。
注意类似结构：
The variety of goods in this shop is rich. 这家商店的品种丰富。
A variety of books have been published. 已出版了各种各样的书。
并列结构作主语时谓语动词的数
1. 由and和and连接的并列主语
此时谓语动词通常用复数。如：
Jim and Mary are both interested in it. 吉姆和玛丽都对此感兴趣。
Both brother and sister are college students. 兄妹俩都是大学生。
【注意】
(1) 当由and连接的两个并列主语受each, every, no的修饰时，谓语用单数：
Every boy and (every) girl likes the book. 每个男孩女孩都喜欢这本书。
No desk and (no) chair was seen in the room. 房间里不见桌椅。
(2) 当and连接两个数相加时，谓语动词可用单数或复数：
Six and eight makes [make] fourteen. 六加八等于十四。
(3) 当and连接的两个的词语指同一个人或事物时，谓语通常要用单数：
A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 远处看见一辆马车。
2. 由or, nor, , neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but等连接的并列主语
此时谓语动词通常与最靠近的主语保持一致(即遵循就近原则)。如：
He or I am wrong. 不是他错了，就是我错了。
Either you or he has taken it. 不是你拿了就是他拿了。
Not only the children but also the mother wants to go. 不仅孩子们想去，母亲也想去。
注意这类句型的疑问句形式：
Were you or he there? 当时是你还是他在那儿?
Are either you or he to blame? 是怪你还是怪他?
【注意】
在非正式文体中，个别结构(如neither…nor)连接主语时，谓语可用复数：
Neither his father nor his mother have [has] come. 他的爸爸和妈妈都没来。
3. 由as well as, as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等连接的并连主语
此时谓语动词通常与前面一个主语保持一致。如：
The teacher as well as the students has read it 不仅学生读过它，老师也读过。
The teacher rather than the students is to blame. 应受责备的是老师而不是学生。
集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题
1. 通常用作复数的集合名词
28
police(警察)，people(人)，cattle(牛，牲口)等集合名词，总是表示复数意义，用作主语时，其谓语要用复数：
The police were after him. 警察正在追捕他。
People are beginning to talk about her. 人们开始议论她。
Cattle feed on grass. 牛吃草。
【注】goods(货物), clothes(衣服)只有复数形式，且只表示复数意义：
Such clothes are very cheap. 那样的衣服很便宜。
All the goods have been sent to them. 所有的货物都给他们送去了。
2. 只用作单数的不可数集合名词
clothing(衣服)，poetry(诗歌)，baggage / luggage(行李)， furniture(家具)，machinery(机械)，scenery(景色)，
jewellery(珠宝)，equipment(设备)等集合名词通常只用作不可数名词，表示单数意义，用作主语时，其后谓
语动词用单数形式：
Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。
All their baggage was stolen. 他们所有的行李都被偷了。
The furniture is convenient to move. 这家具搬起来很方便。
All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 这个工厂所有的机器都是中国产的。
3. 既可表示单数意义也可表示复数意义的集合名词
family(家庭)，team(队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，
committee(委员会)，audience(听众)，public(公众)等集合名词，当它们表示整体意义时，表单数意义，当它
们强调个体意义时，表示复数意义：
Her family is a large one. 她的家庭是一个大家庭。
Her family are all tall. 她的一家人都很高。
The team is the best in the league. 这个队在联赛中打得最好。
The football team are having baths. 足球队队员们在洗澡。
It was late, but the audience was increasing. 时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。
The audience were all moved to tears. 听众都感动得流了泪。
【注】有时没有特定的语境，用单复数谓语均可以：
The audience was (were) very excited by the show. 观众对演出甚感激动。
The public has (have) a right to know what’s in the report. 公众有权知道这篇报告的内容。
主谓一致的三个原则
1. 语法一致原则
该原则要求谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，动词用单数形式，主语是复数
形式，动词用复数形式：
Both my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。
The living-room walls are a light yellow. 客厅的墙是淡黄色。
29
The two factories are in the same locality. 两家工厂都在同一个地区。
Her job is teaching French. 她的工作是教法语。
The location of the house is near the highway. 房子的地点靠近公路。
A large amount of damage was done in a short time. 短期内造成大量损害。
2. 意义一致原则
有时候谓语动词的数取决于主语所表示的概念，而不是其语法形式：
This news is important for us. 这条消息对我们很重要。
Paris is among the largest cities in the would. 巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。
The thesis was about a hundred and fifty pages long. 论文有一百五十页长。
Watch out! The police are coming. 当心，警察来了。
Less people are going to university than usual. 现在上大学的人比平时少。
3. 就近原则
有时，谓语动词的数决定于主语中最靠近它的词语：
Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错了就是我错了。
Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it. 老师和学生对此都不感兴趣。
30
版权声明：本文标题：主谓一致详解 内容由热心网友自发贡献，该文观点仅代表作者本人， 转载请联系作者并注明出处：https://m.elefans.com/xitong/1716562282a508988.html， 本站仅提供信息存储空间服务，不拥有所有权，不承担相关法律责任。如发现本站有涉嫌抄袭侵权/违法违规的内容，一经查实，本站将立刻删除。
发表评论