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下面是一个VBA自动化处理Excel表格的示例代码，展示了如何读取数据、处理数据并将结果写回到另一个工作表中。假设我们有一个工作表`Sheet1`，其中包含员工的工资数据，我们需要计算每个员工的年收入并将结果写入`Sheet2`。
### VBA代码示例：
```vba
Sub ProcessSalaryData()
Dim wsSource As Worksheet
Dim wsDestination As Worksheet
Dim lastRow As Long
Dim i As Long
Dim employeeName As String
Dim monthlySalary As Double
Dim annualSalary As Double
' Set references to the source and destination worksheets
Set wsSource = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1")
Set wsDestination = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet2")
' Find the last row with data in the source worksheet
lastRow = wsSource.Cells(wsSource.Rows.Count, "A").End(xlUp).Row
' Clear the destination worksheet before writing new data
wsDestination.Cells.Clear
' Write headers to the destination worksheet
wsDestination.Cells(1, 1).Value = "Employee Name"
wsDestination.Cells(1, 2).Value = "Annual Salary"
' Loop through each row in the source worksheet
For i = 2 To lastRow
' Read employee name and monthly salary from the source worksheet
employeeName = wsSource.Cells(i, 1).Value
monthlySalary = wsSource.Cells(i, 2).Value
' Calculate the annual salary
annualSalary = monthlySalary * 12
' Write the employee name and annual salary to the destination worksheet
wsDestination.Cells(i, 1).Value = employeeName
wsDestination.Cells(i, 2).Value = annualSalary
Next i
' Notify the user that the process is complete
MsgBox "Salary data processing is complete!", vbInformation
End Sub
```
### 详细解释：
1. **声明变量**：
```vba
Dim wsSource As Worksheet
Dim wsDestination As Worksheet
Dim lastRow As Long
Dim i As Long
Dim employeeName As String
Dim monthlySalary As Double
Dim annualSalary As Double
```
- `wsSource` 和 `wsDestination` 是工作表对象，用于引用源数据表和目标数据表。
- `lastRow` 用于存储源数据表中最后一行的行号。
- `i` 是循环计数器。
- `employeeName`、`monthlySalary` 和 `annualSalary` 分别用于存储员工姓名、月薪和年薪。
2. **设置工作表引用**：
```vba
Set wsSource = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1")
Set wsDestination = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet2")
```
- `wsSource` 引用 `Sheet1`，`wsDestination` 引用 `Sheet2`。
3. **查找源数据表的最后一行**：
```vba
lastRow = wsSource.Cells(wsSource.Rows.Count, "A").End(xlUp).Row
```
- 通过从列A的最后一行向上查找，找到最后一行数据的行号。
4. **清除目标数据表中的旧数据**：
```vba
wsDestination.Cells.Clear
```
- 清除 `Sheet2` 中所有单元格的内容。
5. **写入表头**：
```vba
wsDestination.Cells(1, 1).Value = "Employee Name"
wsDestination.Cells(1, 2).Value = "Annual Salary"
```
- 在 `Sheet2` 的第一行写入列标题。
6. **遍历源数据表中的每一行**：
```vba
For i = 2 To lastRow
' Read employee name and monthly salary from the source worksheet
employeeName = wsSource.Cells(i, 1).Value
monthlySalary = wsSource.Cells(i, 2).Value
' Calculate the annual salary
annualSalary = monthlySalary * 12
' Write the employee name and annual salary to the destination worksheet
wsDestination.Cells(i, 1).Value = employeeName
wsDestination.Cells(i, 2).Value = annualSalary
Next i
```
- 从第二行开始循环，读取员工姓名和月薪，计算年薪并写入 `Sheet2`。
7. **提示处理完成**：
```vba
MsgBox "Salary data processing is complete!", vbInformation
```
- 弹出消息框通知用户数据处理完成。
以上代码展示了如何使用VBA读取、处理和写入Excel数据的基本步骤。通过这些步骤，可以实现对表格数据的自动化处理，提升工作效率。
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