（二十七）状语从句

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回顾可作状语的成分

时间状语从句

多由连词when、after、while、before、as、as soon as、since、whenever、once等引起：

地点状语从句

主要由where, wherever, anywhere等引导：

方式状语从句

主要由as引起

也可由like引起

as if (though)也可引起这类从句

just as和much as也可引起这种状语从句

原因状语从句

主要由because, as, since引起：

in case, just in case也可引起原因状语从句：

条件状语从句

主要由if, unless引起：

条件状语从句还可由其他连词引起

让步状语从句

主要由although, though, eventhough, while, whereas等连词引起

还有much as、however、wherever、whatever、no matter what引导的让步状语从句：

目的状语从句

主要由that, sothat, in order that,lest, for fear that, in case等引起

有时可用so或so...that引起

结果状语从句

主要由so that, so...that,, such...that等引起

比较状语从句

主要由than和as引起：

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回顾可作状语的成分

副词：She welcomed us warmly．她热情地欢迎了我们。

You're quite wrong．你完全错了。

介词短语：She did this out of kindness．她这样做是出于好心。

We discovered it by chance．这是我们偶然发现的。

不定式（短语）：They did everything they could to save her life．他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。

I'm very pleased to have made your acquaintance．我很高兴认识了你。

分词（短语）：Please fill in the card, giving all the information required．请填写这张卡片，把要填的项目填清楚。

Compared to many women, she was very fortunate．和许多人相比她是很幸运的。

形容词：Enthusiastic, they are quite cooperative．他们很热心，很愿意合作。

词组：She jumped two metres．她跳了两米远。

She nursed him day and night．她日夜护理他。

复合结构：That being the case, we'll have to put the meeting off．既然如此，我们将不得不把会议推迟。

He dashed into the room, gun in hand．他端着枪冲进屋里。

从句：Patient as he was, he had no intention of waiting for three hours．尽管他很耐心，他也无心等三个钟头。

有时可用一个名词作状语：We've been sitting hours waiting for you．我们在这里坐了好几个钟头等你。

She's feeling miles better today．今天她感到好多了。

时间状语从句

多由连词when、after、while、before、as、as soon as、since、whenever、once等引起：

When we lived in town we often went to the theatre．我们在城里住时常常去看戏。

After she got married, she changed completely．她结婚之后完全变了。

We must strike while the iron is hot．我们要趁热打铁。

It was a long time before I got to sleep again．好久我才又睡着。

As the sun rose the fog dispersed．太阳出来时雾就消散了。

Tell him as soon as he arrives．他一来就告诉他。

I haven't heard from him since he left．他走之后我还没接到过他的信。

Whenever she had a cold, she ate only fruit．每当她感冒了她只吃水果。

You can keep the records as long as you like．这些唱片你愿留多久就留多久。

Once you have learned Spanish, you will find Italian easy．一旦你学会西班牙语，你会觉得意大利语容易。

有时从句中可省略一些词：

Often she would weep when (she was) alone．她一个人时，常常哭泣。

He retained the consciousness of it while (he was) asleep．他睡着时，还继续意识到这个。

在before, after, since之后可用名词或动名词（这时它们是介词）：

She waited a little while before making up her mind．她等一会儿才做出决定。

After sending you that letter I recollected how stupid I was．把信寄给你之后我想起我多么愚蠢。

He made his first visit to Mexico since seizing power 20 years ago．自从二十年前他夺取政权以来，这是他第一次访问墨西哥。

地点状语从句

主要由where, wherever, anywhere等引导：

The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple．这座教堂盖在一座罗马寺庙的旧址。

You can camp where you like these days．现今你可以爱在哪宿营就在哪儿宿营。

I'll take you anywhere you like．你想到哪儿我就带你到哪儿。

Everywhere I go, I find the same thing．不管我走到哪里，我都发现同样情况。

where可以有多种意义，除指地点外，还可指处境等（可有许多灵活的译法）：

He left it where it lay．他把它放在原处。

Where Kate had stood last night, Maria now stood．凯特昨晚站的地方，玛丽亚现在站着。

He said he was happy where he was．他说他现在处境很愉快。

I'm not living where I was．我不在原处住了。

Where the money is, there is power．有钱就有势。

方式状语从句

主要由as引起

I have changed it as you suggest．我已照你的建议作了改动。

I am as you can imagine short of money．正如你能想象的我很缺钱。

You ought to do as he tells you．你应按他的话做。

也可由like引起

Do it like he does．照他那样做。

She can't cook like her mother does．她菜做得没有她妈那样好。

as if (though)也可引起这类从句

I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday．整个这件事我记得很清楚，就仿佛是昨天发生似的。

Fancy you sitting there as if nothing had happened．瞧你坐在那里，仿佛什么也没发生似的。

just as和much as也可引起这种状语从句

It swims above the sea floor just as its ancestors did．它在海底上方游动，就像它的祖辈一样。

They tried to conceal this fact much as I did last year．他们设法隐瞒事实，就像我去年做的那样。

这种状语从句有时也可不用连词引起：

I can't help seeing things the way they do．我禁不住也像他们那样看事物。

They didn't do it the way we do now．那时他们不像我们现在这样行事。

He doesn't speak the way I do．他不像我这样讲话。

原因状语从句

主要由because, as, since引起：

He was angry because we were late．他很生气因为我们迟到了。

As the soup was very salty, we were thirsty afterwards．由于汤太咸，我们后来都很口渴。

Since you are going, I will go．既然你去，我也去。

in case, just in case也可引起原因状语从句：

He took a spoonful and tasted it in case it was hot．他盛了一勺尝了尝看烫不烫。

She ought to come down just in case anything happened．她应当下来以防发生什么情况。

另外，某些“be+形容词”结构后的从句也说明原因，例如：

I'm glad (that) you've been assigned a new job．我很高兴，你分配了新工作。

I'm sorry I haven't done very well．我很抱歉，我没干太好。

I'm surprised I didn't see all that before．我很惊讶，我以前没明白这一切。

He was ashamed that he had done such a thing．他做这样的事，他感到羞愧。

条件状语从句

主要由if, unless引起：

If you do that I shall be very pleased．如果你能这样做，我会很高兴。

We sat on the grass if it was fine．如果天气好，我们就坐在草地上。

Nobody will get anything unless they ask for it．除非提出要求，否则谁也不会得到什么。

Don't bring her unless she is sober．除非她处于清醒状态，否则别带她来。

if常可引起虚拟条件句：

If I could afford it, I would buy a boat．如果我买得起，我会买一只小船。

If anybody had asked me, I could have told them what happened．如果有谁问过我，我可以告诉他们发生了什么情况。

条件状语从句还可由其他连词引起

As long as you are happy, it doesn't matter what you do．只要你开心，你做什么都没关系。

I would have married her even if she had been penniless．即使她身无分文，我也会娶她的。

Whether I agreed or not, the search would take place．不管我同不同意，也会进行搜查。

In case I forget, please remind me about it．万一我忘了，请提醒我。

让步状语从句

主要由although, though, eventhough, while, whereas等连词引起

表示“虽然”，“尽管”这类意思：

Though we are poor, we're still happy．虽然我们穷，我们仍然很快乐。

Even though it's hard work, I enjoy it．尽管这是艰苦的工作，我喜欢干。

They'll stand by you even if you don't succeed．尽管你不成功，他们也会支持你。

While I did well in class, I was a poor performer at games．虽说我学习不错，我运动却不行。

Some praise him, whereas others condemn him．有人赞扬他，而另一些人却谴责他。

还有much as、however、wherever、whatever、no matter what引导的让步状语从句：

Much as I'd like to help, there isn't a lot I can do．尽管我愿意帮忙，却没有很多事我能做。

However far it is, I intend to drive there today．不管它有多远，我打算今天开车去。

I will find her wherever she may be．不管她在哪里，我都要找到她。

Whatever you may think, I'm going ahead with my plans．不管你怎么想，我将进行我的计划。

No matter what happened, he would not say a word．不管发生了什么事，他什么也不会说。

目的状语从句

主要由that, sothat, in order that,lest, for fear that, in case等引起

Let's take the front seats that we may see more clearly．咱们坐前排，以便看得清楚点。

I have given him a key so that he can get into the house whenever he likes．我给了他一把钥匙，以便他随时能进来。

So that I shouldn't worry, he phoned me on arrival．为了不让我担心，他一到就给我打了电话。

They risk their lives in order that we may live more safely．他们冒了生死危险使我们生活得更安全。

He didn't dare to leave the house lest someone should recognize him．他不敢离开那座房子，惟恐谁会认出他。

I don't let him go out in this weather in case he should catch cold．我不让他这种天气出去以防他会感冒。

I bought the car at once for fear (that) he might change his mind．我把车立即买了下来，以防他改变主意。

有时可用so或so...that引起

Can't you fix it somehow so you could stay？你可否作某种安排以便你能留下？

We have so arranged matters that one of us is always on duty．我们做了这种安排，以便我们总有一个人值勤。

She pampered him so（略停顿）that he would feel thoroughly contented．她那样哄着他，以便他感到完全满意。

结果状语从句

主要由so that, so...that,, such...that等引起

My suitcase had become damaged, so that the lid would not stay closed．我的箱子损坏了，因此盖子关不上了。

Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wonder if he wasdead．我们再也没有收到过他的信，因此我们开始怀疑他是不是死了。

It was so dark that he couldn't see the faces of his companions．天是那样黑，他同伴的脸他都看不见了。

There was such a lot of rain (that) we couldn't go out．雨那么大，我们没法出去。

在口语中that常省略，有时从句中还有倒装语序：

I am so busy （that）I have no time to write a letter．我是那样忙，写信的时间都没有。

So successful have they been that they are moving to Bond Street．他们是那样成功，他们将搬到庞德街去。

So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright as by day．月亮是那样亮，花都像白天时那样鲜艳。

有时可以otherwise, or else或else引起从句，表示“否则（会有什么后果）”：

Give me back the money, otherwise I'll ring the police．把钱还给我，否则我要给警察打电话了。

She had intellect, otherwise I should have scorned her．她很聪明，否则我会看不起她。

Hurry up or else you'll be late．赶快，否则你就会迟到了。

Drink this; else you will be sick．把这喝掉，否则你会生病。

比较状语从句

主要由than和as引起：

You sing better than I do．你的歌比我唱得好。

She was now happier than she had ever been．现在她比过去任何时候都快活。

I haven't done as much as I should have liked．我没做得像我希望的那样好。

They are as firm as one could expect．他们像人们希望的那样坚定。

在很多情况下，从句中有些词省略：

The profits are greater than the losses．利润大于亏损。

It is even colder than yesterday．今天比昨天还冷。

He was almost as well off as myself．他几乎和我一样宽裕。

He doesn't work as hard as her (she does)．他工作不像她那样努力。

She was as interested in music as ever．她还像过去一样对音乐有兴趣。

She can run as fast as 20 miles an hour．她每小时能跑20英里。

本文标签： 状语从句二十七