中药和西药对比英语作文

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2023年12月14日发(作者：)

篇一:《英语作文--中西医的比较》

Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine

As living standards improving,more and more attention has been paid

for human health including both physical condition and psychological

there are some problems with our body,we have to go to the hospital

for purpose of this essay is to contrast the differences between

western medicine instead of traditional Chinese three main

differences are awareness,diagnosis and therapy.

The most notable difference between these two kinds of medicines is

their awareness of human disease and medicine,a medical system based

on the pathological anatomy basis,considers that pathological changes

of organs lead to disease,which has been developed from organization

organ to cells,molecules,or even DNA the contrary,traditional Chinese

medicine,a kind of evidence-based medicine,suggests that diseases are

caused by inharmony between human body and the environment or their

disequilibrium between internal organs.

Contrasting both types of medicines we notice another difference,the

diagnostic medicine diagnosis takes advantage of the advanced medical

equipment and laboratory to make accurate diagnosis of disease,which

contain the main five approaches of interrogation,physical

inspection,electrocardiography and examination,laboratory medical

imaging

,traditional Chinese medicine supports the methods of syndrome

differentiation and treatment,which draw the conclusion about body

problems by look,smell,ask,cut.

Yet another difference between these two types of medicines is

western medicine, the treatment object is disease and its goal is to

vanish main treatment methods include medicine,surgery,laser

treatment,and ,as to traditional Chinese medicine,the treatment

object is people and its goal is to cure patients. There are various

treatment methods ,such as internal drugs,external

application,acupuncturists,cupping,chiropraxis,and so on. In

conclusion，western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine have

three mian we can see,in our country,instead of traditional Chinese

medicine,western medicine has been widely accepted by people because

of its fast ,I think either of these two selected by us should depend

on our physical condition. 篇二:《传统中药与西药对比的英文论文》

What is the major difference between

traditional Chinese medicine and

Western medicine?

【Abstract】 Because of the globalization, the comparison between

traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and western medicine have been

attracted far more attentions than before. As one of the aspects of

intercultural communication, this paper focuses on two major points,

the different two concepts, the treatments or their prescriptions.

They will be given a brief introduction in this paper so that after

reading this paper people in different cultural backgrounds will know

more about the difference between traditional Chinese medicine and

Western medicine and be more convenient to communicate.

【Key words】Concepts Treatments Prescriptions Attitudes

Communication Different cultural backgrounds

1. Differences between Two Concepts

From this table, we may get some explanations of why are traditional

Chinese and westerners so different to treat disease.

The Concepts of Traditional Chinese Medicine

In general, disease is perceived as a disharmony (or imbalance) in

the functions or interactions of yin, yang, qi, xuĕ, zàng-fǔ,

meridians etc, or of the interaction between the human body and the

environment.[1]

Therapy is based on which "pattern of disharmony" can be identified.

Thus,

"pattern discrimination" is the most important step in TCM diagnosis.

It is also known to be the most difficult aspect of practicing TCM.

In order to determine which pattern is at hand, practitioners will

examine things like the color and shape of the tongue, the relative

strength of pulse-points, the smell of the breath, the quality of

breathing or the sound of the voice. [2] For example, depending on

tongue and pulse conditions, a TCM practitioner might diagnose

bleeding from the mouth and nose as: "Liver fire rushes upwards and

scorches the Lung, injuring the blood vessels and giving rise to reckless pouring of blood from the mouth and nose."[3] He might then

go on to prescribe treatments designed to clear heat or supplement

the lung.

The Concepts of Western Medicine

In western medicine, the clinical practice is thought highly of.

Doctors personally assess patients in order to diagnose, treat, and

prevent disease using clinical judgment.

The doctor-patient relationship typically begins an interaction with

an examination of the patient's medical history and medical record,

followed a medical interview[4] and a physical examination. Basic

diagnostic medical devices ( stethoscope, tongue depressor) are

typically used. After examination for signs and interviewing for

symptoms, the doctor may order medical tests ( blood tests), take a

biopsy, or prescribe pharmaceutical drugs or other therapies.

Differential diagnosis methods help to rule out conditions based on

the information provided. During the encounter, properly informing

the patient of all relevant facts is an important part of the

relationship and the development of trust. The medical encounter is

then documented in the medical record, which is a legal document in

many jurisdictions.[5]

2. Therapies of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

Referring to these concepts, I will put my emphases on two primary

roots as follows, which have comparatively reflected two different

therapies.

Therapy of Traditional Chinese

The traditional Chinese medicine thought most diseases are aroused by

“Six

Excesses”(六淫, pinyin: liù yín, sometimes also translated as

"Pathogenic Factors", or "Six Pernicious Influences"; with the

alternative term of 六邪, pinyin: liù xié, - "Six Evils" or "Six

Devils") are allegorical terms used to describe disharmony patterns

displaying certain typical symptoms.[6] These symptoms resemble the

effects of six climatic factors. In the allegory, these symptoms can

occur because one or more of

those climatic factors (called 六气, pinyin: liù qì, "the six qi")

were able to invade the body surface and to proceed to the interior. This is sometimes used to draw causal relationships (, prior exposure

to wind/cold/etc. is identified as the cause of a

disease), while other authors explicitly deny a direct cause-effect

relationship between weather conditions and disease, pointing out

that the Six Excesses are primarily descriptions of a certain

combination of symptoms translated into a pattern of

disharmony.[7]

It is undisputed, though, that the Six Excesses can manifest inside

the body without an external cause. In this case, they might be

denoted "internal", ,

"internal wind" or "internal fire (or heat)".

The Six Excesses and their characteristic clinical signs are:{中药和西药对比英语作文}.

1. Wind (风, pinyin: fēng): Rapid onset of symptoms, wandering

location of

symptoms, itching, nasal congestion, "floating" pulse; tremor,

paralysis,

convulsion.

2. Cold (寒, pinyin: hàn): Cold sensations, aversion to cold, relief

of symptoms

by warmth, watery/clear excreta, severe pain, abdominal pain,

3.

4.{中药和西药对比英语作文}.

5.

6. contracture/hypertonicity of muscles, (slimy) white tongue fur,

"deep"/"hidden" or "string-like" pulse, or slow pulse. Fire/Heat (火,

pinyin: huǒ): Aversion to heat, high fever, thirst, concentrated

urine, red face, red tongue, yellow tongue fur, rapid pulse. (Fire

and heat are basically seen to be the same) Dampness (湿, pinyin:

shī): Sensation of heaviness, sensation of fullness, symptoms of

Spleen dysfunction, greasy tongue fur, "slippery" pulse. Dryness (燥,

pinyin: zaò): Dry cough, dry mouth, dry throat, dry lips, nosebleeds, dry skin, dry stools. Summerheat (暑, pinyin: shǔ): Either heat or

mixed damp-heat symptoms.

According these six excesses, Chinese not only have herbals to treat

these diseases, but also have practical treatments, such as

acupuncture and moxibustion, Tui na, and Qigong. And also they have

cupping(拔罐), GuaSha, and Die-da. Acupuncture means insertion of

needles into superficial structures of the body (skin, subcutaneous

tissue, muscles) - usually at acupuncture points (acupoints) - and

their subsequent

manipulation; this aims at influencing the flow of qi.[8] According

to TCM it relieves pain and treats (and prevents) various diseases.[9]

Acupuncture is often accompanied by moxibustion - the Chinese

characters for acupuncture Chinese: 针灸; pinyin: zhēnjiǔ literally

meaning{中药和西药对比英语作文}.

"acupuncture-moxibustion" - which involves burning mugwort on or near

the skin at an acupuncture point. There are three methods of

moxibustion: Direct scarring, direct non-scarring, and indirect

moxibustion. Direct scarring moxibustion places a small cone of

mugwort on the skin at an acupuncture point and burns it until the

skin{中药和西药对比英语作文}.

blisters, which then scars after it heals. Direct non-scarring

moxibustion removes the burning mugwort before the skin burns enough

to scar, unless the burning mugwort is left on the skin too long.

Indirect moxibustion holds a cigar made of mugwort near the

acupuncture point to heat the skin, or holds it on an acupuncture

needle inserted in the skin to heat the needle.[10]

In electroacupuncture, an electrical current is applied to the

needles once they are inserted, in order to further stimulate the

respective acupuncture points.

Tui na (推拿) is a form of massage akin to acupressure (from which

shiatsu

evolved). Oriental massage is typically administered with the patient

fully clothed, without the application of grease or oils.

Choreography often involves thumb presses, rubbing, percussion, and

stretches. Qigong (气功 or 氣功) is coordinated breathing, movement, and

awareness used for exercise, healing, and mediation. Traditional

Chinese medicine practioners believe that qìgōng (气功/氣功) and

related practices prevent, heal, and treat diseases.{中药和西药对比英语作文}.

The Prescriptions of TCM

Raw materials

There are roughly 13,000 medicines used in China and over 100,000

medicinal recipes recorded in the ancient literature. Plant elements

and extracts are by far the

most common elements used. n the classic Handbook of Traditional

Drugs from 1941, 517 drugs were listed - out of these, 45 were animal

parts, and 30 were minerals. Animal substances{中药和西药对比英语作文}.

Some animal parts used as medicines can be considered rather strange

such as cows' gallstones. Some can include the parts of endangered

species, including tiger penis and rhinoceros horn. The black market

in rhinoceros horn reduced the world's rhino population by more than

90 percent over the past 40 years. Concerns have also arisen over the

use of turtle plastron and seahorses. In general, Chinese traditional

medicine emphasizes the penis of animals as therapeutic. Snake oil,

which is used traditionally for joint pain as a liniment, is the most

widely known Chinese medicine in the west, due to extensive marketing

in the west in the late 1800s and early 1900s, and wild claims of its

efficacy to treat many maladies; however, there is no clinical

evidence that it is effective. Since TCM recognizes bear bile as a

medicinal, more than 12,000 asiatic black bears are held in "bear

farms", where they suffer cruel conditions while being held in tiny

cages. The bile is extracted through a permanent hole in the

abdomen leading to the gall bladder, which can cause severe pain; the

bears are known to regularly try to kill themselves.

Human body parts

Traditional Chinese Medicine also includes some human parts: the

classic Materia medica (Bencao Gangmu) describes the use of 35 human

body parts and excreta in medicines, including bones, fingernail, hairs, dandruff, earwax,

impurities on the teeth, feces, urine, sweat, organs, but most are no

longer in use.[11] [12]

Therapy of Western Medicine

Within medical circles, specialities usually fit into one of two

broad categories: "Medicine" and "Surgery." "Medicine" refers to the

practice of non-operative

medicine, and most subspecialties in this area require preliminary

training in "Internal Medicine". In the UK, this would traditionally

have been evidenced by obtaining the MRCP (An exam allowing

Membership of the Royal College of Physicians or the

equivalent college in Scotland or Ireland). "Surgery" refers to the

practice of operative medicine, and most subspecialties in this area

require preliminary training in "General Surgery." (In the UK:

Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons of England (MRCS).)

During the medical care, the provision of it is classified into

primary, secondary, and tertiary care categories. Primary medical

services are provided by physicians, physician assistants, nurse

practitioners, or other health professionals who have first contact

with a patient seeking medical treatment or care. These occur in

physician

offices, clinics, nursing homes, schools, home visits, and other

places close to patients. About 90% of medical visits can be treated

by the primary care provider. These

include treatment of acute and chronic illnesses, preventive care and

health education for all ages and both sexes. Secondary medical

services are provided by medical specialists in their offices or

clinics or at local community hospitals for a patient referred by a

primary care provider who first diagnosed or treated the patient.

Referrals are made for those patients who required the expertise or

procedures

performed by specialists. These include both ambulatory care and

inpatient services, emergency rooms, intensive care medicine, surgery

services, physical therapy, labor and delivery, endoscopy units,

diagnostic laboratory and medical imaging services, hospice centers,

etc. Some primary care providers may also take care of hospitalized patients and deliver babies in a secondary care setting. Tertiary

medical services are provided by specialist hospitals or regional

centers equipped with diagnostic and treatment facilities not

generally available at local hospitals. These include trauma

centers, burn treatment centers, advanced neonatology unit services,

organ transplants, high-risk pregnancy, radiation oncology, medical

care also depends on information - still delivered in many health

care settings on paper records, but

increasingly nowadays by electronic means. At the end of the

treatment, doctors always give patients some pills which should been

had regularly.

The Prescriptions of Western Medicine

A medication or medicine is a drug taken to cure and ameliorate any

symptoms of an illness or medical condition, or may be used as

preventive medicine that has future benefits but does not treat any

existing or pre-existing diseases or symptoms.

Dispensing of medication is often regulated by governments into three

categories—over-the-counter (OTC) medications, which are available

in pharmacies and supermarkets without special restrictions, behind-the-counter (BTC), which are dispensed by a pharmacist without

needing a doctor's prescription, and Prescription only medicines

(POM), which must be prescribed by a licensed medical professional,

usually a physician.[citation needed]

篇三:《中西药对比》

西药、中成药、新型中药产品对比

篇四:《中药与西药》

论文作业

题目：面临西药，中药的优势及不足

系别：药学院 专业：中药学

学生姓名：张正兴

学号：5 目录：

绪论

一、西药和中药的了解及概念

二、中西药研发

三、中药西药合理配伍

四、中药现状及需要注意问题

五、天然药

六、中药的优势

七、例举中药患者极其医治情况

面临西药，中药的优势及不足

绪论：

近些年来,国内外的医药学工作者,对中药给予了更多的重视。其中突出的原因和论据,则在于中药是天然产物。国内的一些学者,更进一步引伸认为,国际上,人类正有“重归自然”的趋势,故从中药是天然产物的角度,加以强调中药的优势和重要性。那么,中药优势的根本,是在于其是天然产物?还是在于其是中医药学理论体系的药物,即优势的根本在于理论体系?确是很值得讨论和明确的间题。

同时先应该对中药和西药概念的内涵,应有确认理解。中药和西药是相应医药学理论体系内的概念,其内涵决非是以人工合成和天然产物来划分。为了阐述中药优势的根本所在,明确中药和西药概念内涵,是完全必要的。何谓中药,何谓西药,也就是说,一个药物具备哪些基本内容,才能称作中药或西药。中药,是中医药学理论体系内的概念;西药,是西医药学理论体系内的概念。其概念内涵,即所应具备的基本内容,应当与各自的医药学理论体系相适应。应当指出的是,一个药物具备中药或西药的基本内容后,并且只有按相应内容,考虑其应用时,才称作相应药物。因为有些中药或西药,是可同时具备中药和西药的基本内容,那么,则可称其为中药或西药,例如冰片、西洋参、大黄等。从中药和西药的概念内涵,很明显见到,药物到底是人工合成产物还是天然产物,并不是作为区分中药和西药的标志。客观上,不论中药或西药,都有人工合成产物和天然产物。故把中药仅与天然产物相关联,西药仅与人工合成产物相关联,是不符合客观情况的。

一、西药和中药的了解及概念

1、西药 西药应具备如下三点内容:(1)药物本身性能,以其物理和化学性质表述,如固体或液体、酸性或碱性、溶解度、颜色等;(2)药物功效以现代科学的生理、生化、病理等指标表述,如升高血压、降低血糖、抑制细菌、降低心肌耗氧量等;(3)药物配合使用时,强调各个药物作用的针对性,一般不做为一个功效整体来考虑和应用,施治于人,起到防治疾病的作用。一个药物具备如上基本内容,则能按西医药学理论使用,可称作西药。

2、中药

中药应具如下三点基本内容:(l)药物本身性能,以特殊方式表述,包括性味、归经、升降浮沉等;(2)药物功效以中医药学术语表述,如清热、壮阳、活血化癖、舒肝理气、治胆虚不眠、治肺热咳嗽等。(3)药物配合使用时,各药主次关系明确,即君臣佐使关系等,使配合使用的药物共同构成一个功效整体,即复方中药,施治于人,起到防治疾病的作用。当然,组方时,还应考虑药物间的反畏关系及药对的使用等。一个药物具备如上基本内容,则能按中医药学理论使用,可称作中药。中药大多为天然药, 一种药中常含多种成分。中药是在中医理论指导下,

具有独特的理论体系和应用形式。中医学有两个基本特点: 一是整体观念; 二是辨证论治。中药仅古籍记载就有 3 000 种以上, 发展至今已达 18 000 余种。中药的应用包括配伍、用药禁忌、剂量和用法等内容。炮制是中医用药的一大特点: 中药由于成分复杂, 常常一药多

效, 但中医治病往往不是利用药物的所有作用, 而是根据病情有所选择,需要经炮制对药物原有性能予以取舍, 权衡损益, 使某些作用突出, 某些作用减弱,

力求符合疾病的实际治疗要求。如用何首乌补肝肾、填精血时, 就需将生首乌制成熟首乌, 以免滑泻作用伤及脾胃, 导致未补其虚先伤其正; 又如伤寒病因开始是感受的寒邪, 寒邪容易损阳, 也易伤中, 所以立方用药都要注意保存阳气和顾护脾胃。张仲景治伤寒传经热邪的白虎汤、调胃承气汤, 尽管为清泻剂,

甘草却要求炙用, 因方中甘草的目的不是清热泻火而是为了顾护脾胃, 防止石膏、知母或大黄、芒硝大寒伤中。苍术温燥之性甚强, 虽能燥湿运脾,但服过于温燥之品, 容易伤胃阴, 助胃热, 顾此失彼。苍术制后燥性缓和, 且有焦香气,

健运脾土的作用增强, 就能达到慢病缓治的用药要求; 川乌、草乌加热煮制后其毒性显著降低,保证了临床用药安全有效; 紫菀生用虽然化痰作用较强, 但能泻肺气, 若肺气不足的患者服用后, 有的可出现小便失禁,尤其是小儿, 用甘温益气的蜂蜜炼制后可纠此弊, 并增强润肺之功能。

二、中西药研发

从天然产物的中药研制新西药是可以理解的新西药研制途径,但就此而认为中药优势的根本所在为天然产物,实在是一种误解。近二三十年来,在人类生活的诸多方面,例如食品的色素、防腐剂、矫味剂,纺织品,农药,化肥,动植物生长促进剂,化装品,医药品等,大量使用了人工合成产物。此举,为人类生活的改善,起到了很大

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