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2023年12月19日发(作者：)
第一册第四单元单词讲解
turn away:
refuse to help (sb.) or allow (sb.) to enter a place
他拒绝了所有的应征者。
He turned away several people who didn’t have the tickets.
He turned all the applicants away.
Collocation:
拒绝；调低turn down
交还，上交turn in
使变成turn into
关；拐弯turn off
turn out turn over turn up 生产，制造；证明，结果仔细考虑
出现，来到；开大，调大
work out:
plan; solve; calculate
他们已经设计出把宇宙飞船送上太空的方法。They’ve worked
out a method of
sending a spacecraft to the space.
The accountant has worked out your share of the expense at
1,000 yuan.
会计已算出你的那份花费为1,000元。Collocation:
work at work up 从事于，致力于
引起，激起，逐渐上升
weekly：
1. ing once a week or every week
《21
世纪报》每周出版一次。
He thinks his weekly wage of 400 yuan is enough.
a week; every week; by the week
21st Century is published weekly.
3.n.a publication issued once a week
Business Weekly《商业周刊》
Publishers’Weekly(美)《出版商周刊》
a twice weekly 半周刊
2.
do with:
1) (used in questions with “what”) deal with T ell me what
you did with yourself this week.
I can’t do with him and his impoliteness. The child didn’t
know what to do with
himself for excitement.
2)tolerate
我不能忍受他和他的无礼。
3)(often with “could”, “can”) desire
I could do with a cup of tea.
Collocation:
do without
没有…也行，将就do away with
废除，去掉
代替，适合…
do for
对…有益
do good (to)
do over
重复determination: n.
the ability to continue trying to achieve what you have
decided to do even when this is difficult
He has great determination to learn English well.
personnel: n.
1)the department in a large organization that deals with
employees; human resources (uncountable noun, used with
a singular or plural verb).
personnel administration
人事管理
personnel department
人事部/处/科
personnel director
人事部长/处长/科长
2) all the persons working in an organization, in the
army, etc. (often used with a plural verb)
The personnel of the company has been increased.
全体员工都允许参加晚会。
All personnel were allowed to take part in the party.
Like their personal lives, women’s history is fragmented,
interrupted.
如同她们的个人生活一样，妇女的历史是支离破碎且断断续续的。
Translate the following into Chinese.
a personal appearance
I have something personal to tell you.
亲自出面
我有私人的事要告诉你。
此外注意与personal的区别。
personal:个人的，私人的，亲自的，秘密的NB:
capacity:n. 1) the ability to understand or do sth.
things is interesting. 2)the ability to hold or contain sth.
the maximum amount that can be contained
这些词都可以表示“能力”的意思。
capacity 用于物时，指容纳接受的能力，如容积、容量、生产能力；用于人时，指潜在的能力，多用于才智、道德，尤指接受能力、领悟性、敏感性等。
ability 既指天赋的能力，也指培养造就而获得的本领；主要用于人，指已经表现出来的实际能力，尤指人的思维能力。
capability 较多用于人，指胜任某项工作的能力、本领。proficiency 正式用语，带有技术性，指对业务的精通和熟练。
capacity , ability, capability & proficiency
CF:
The trunk is filled to capacity . His capacity for remembering
CF: capacity, ability, capability & proficiency Fill in the blanks
with the words given above.
1. 2. 3.
mental is very great.
The film is beyond the of the children.
in several foreign languages is needed for work as a
traveler’s guide.
He has the of solving practical problems.
ability
______
capability
_________
capacity
________
Proficiency
__________
skilled: adj.
1) having skill; trained; experienced
2)needing skill
skilled, skillful表示“有技术的，熟练的”时可以互换。
skilled通常是指受过正规训练，有多年实践经验而
掌握某项专门技术。
skillful 是指人聪明，做事很灵巧，尤指手的灵巧。
skilled & skillful
CF:
a skilled worker 技术熟练的工人
skilled work 技术性工作
Rose’s father is a skilled mechanic so she has
become skillful at repairing bicycles too.
He is a skilled / skillful surgeon.
罗斯的父亲是个熟练的机械师，因而她也很会修理自行车。
Not for Sale.
非卖品。
for sale:
available to be bought 待售，供出售
The company will put the houses for sale.
Collocation：
上市，出售；减价，贱卖
on sale
赊购
a sale on credit
包退包换的，无法销售可以退货的on sale or return
call on:
1) visit sb. for a short time
I’ll call on him tomorrow.
他们号召全市工人支持这次罢工。
2) summon; appeal
They called on the workers of the city to support the strike.
3) invite; require
The host of the party called on the Chairman to speak.
Collocation：
call for
邀约；要求；需要
call off
取消
call up
打电话；召集；使人想起call in
顺路到某处；收回
The bank loaned me some money. Does the loan carry any
interest?
May I have the loan of your typewriter? loan:
1.
The artist loaned her pictures to the museum.
2.n.
1) sth. lent, esp. a sum of money
The dictionary is a loan, not a gift.
2) lending
我可以借你的打字机用一下吗?
Collocation：
ask for the loan of
请求借用…
have the loan of …
借…
on loan
出借的
a domestic (foreign) loan
内（外）债
a public / government loan
公债, 国库券
a loan for consumption
消费贷款
a loan on security
担保贷款
a gift (interest-free) loan
无息贷款
a long-term loan
长期贷款
a mortgage loan
抵押贷款, 抵押借款
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