语法专项突破 专题二 需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词 第3

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2024年7月13日发(作者：)

语法专项突破

专题二 需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词

第3讲 词性转化(构词法)

一、动词/形容词 转化为 名词 的规律

1.动词变名词的后缀

后缀

-ion

-tion

-sion

-ation

例词

correct → correction改正

celebrate →celebration 庆祝；庆祝会

attract → attraction 吸引

conclude → conclusion 结论；结束

discuss → discussion 讨论；辩论

decide→decision 决定

admit → admission接纳；准许入学

invite → invitation 邀请

explain → explanation 解释

graduate → graduation 毕业

expect → expectation 期望

drive → driver 司机；驾驶员

gather→ gatherer收集者；采集者

teach → teacher老师

announce → announcer 广播员

conduct → conductor 指挥；售票员

punish → punishment 惩罚

achieve → achievement功绩；成就

argue → argument 辩论；论据

treat → treatment对待；治疗

equip → equipment 装备；设备

govern →government 政府

appear→appearance 出现；外貌

guide→guidance 指引；指导

perform→performance 表演；节目

exist→existence 存在；生存

prefer→preference 偏爱

refer→reference 参考；查阅

hear→ hearing 听力；听觉

begin→beginning 开始

fail→ -failure 失败；倒闭

press→pressure压力

depart→departure 离开；出发

mix→ mixture 混合；混合物

recover→recovery恢复；痊愈

discover→discovery 发现

choose→choice 选择

vary→ variety 多样化；种类

tend→ tendency 趋向；趋势

-r/-er/-or

-ment

-ance/-ence

-ing

-ure/-ture

-y

其他

2.形容词变名词的后缀

后缀

-age

-cy

例词

short→shortage不足；短缺

efficient→efficiency 效率；功效

fluent→fluency 流利；流畅

accurate→accuracy准确性

private→privacy 隐私；私密

free→ freedom自由；自主

wise→ wisdom明智；智慧

different→difference差异

silent→silence 沉默

weak→ weakness虚弱；弱点

kind→ kindness 仁慈；好意

careless→carelessness粗心大意

strong→strength 力气；强项

warm→ warmth温暖；热情

honest→honesty 诚实

difficult→difficulty困难

cruel→cruelty残酷；残暴

safe→safety 安全

disable →disability 无能；伤残

responsible→responsibility责任

-dom

-ence

-ness

-th

-y/-ty/-ity

二、名词/动词 转化为 形容词 的规律

后缀

-able

例词

accept→ acceptable 可接受的

comfort→ comfortable 舒适的

fashion→ fashionable 时髦的

suit→ suitable 合适的

reason→ reasonable有道理的；合理的

music→ musical音乐的

origin→ original最初的

person→ personal个人的；私人的

center→ central中央的；中心的

nature→ natural自然的；天生的

doubt→ doubtful怀疑的

forget→ forgetful健忘的

harm → harmful有害的

hope → hopeful有希望的

peace → peaceful和平的

scare → scared 感到恐惧的

confuse→ confused 感到困惑的

underline→ underlined下划线的

surprise → surprising令人惊异的

convince → convincing令人信服的

satisfy → satisfying令人满意的

-al

-ful

-ed

-ing

-ible

access → accessible容易取得的

horror→ horrible可怕的；恐怖的

terror → terrible可怕的

act → active积极的；活跃的

effect→ effective 有效的；生效的

attract→ attractive有吸引力的

impress→ impressive 给人深刻印象的

continue→ continuous不断的；持续的

anxiety→ anxious 忧虑的

caution→ cautious十分小心的；谨慎的

curiosity→ curious 好奇的

humor→ humorous幽默的

tire→ tiresome 令人厌倦的

trouble→ troublesome 麻烦的

taste→ tasty 美味的；可口的

health→ healthy 健康的

wealth→ wealthy 富裕的；丰富的

east → eastern 东方的；向东的

child→ childish 孩子气的

fool→ foolish 愚蠢的；可笑的

self→ selfish 自私的

science→ scientific 科学的

energy→ energetic 精力充沛的

-ive

-ous

-some

-y

-ern

-ish

-ic

三、形容词 转化为 副词 的规律

类别

直接加-ly

以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i再

加-ly

词尾为ble/le的形容词，去掉e,再加-y

词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加-ly

词尾为1的形容词，直接加-y

词尾为-ic的形容词，加-ally

例词

clear →clearly清楚地

great→ greatly很，大大地

happy→happily 高兴地

heavy→heavily 沉重地

terrible→terribly 可怕地

gentle→gently 轻轻地

true→truly真实地

full→fully 充分地

dull→ dully迟钝地

basic→basically主要地

scientific→scientifically合乎科学地

❖ 厘清两种情况，突破词性转化 ❖

一、从句法功用上看，厘清“修饰”与“被修饰”

1.名词在句中做宾语，被冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词所修饰。

[例1] She is determined to carry on with her __________(educate).

[例2] Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the

__________(develop) of chopsticks.

2.形容词在句中做定语，常放在名词之前

[例3]It was a relief and I came to a _________(suddenly) stop just in the middle of the road.

3.形容词在句中作表语，常放在be, get, become, remain等系动词后

[例4]At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be _________(freely) from them.

4.形容词在句中作宾语补足语，之前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词

[例5] As I walked, I looked up, trying to realize what made this day so ___________(beauty).

5.副词在句中修饰动词

[例6]The title will be _________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.

6.副词在句中修饰形容词或其他副词

[例7]Dad and I were __________(terrible) worried.

7.副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表示状态、原因等。

[例8]__________(lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.

8.特别注意有使役用法的动词的分词形式用作形容词时的区别

[例9] There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and _________(disappoint).

二、从“词性”变化上看，厘清“词性”的变化特点

词形变化是重点，注意特殊形式和变化特点；另外注意形容词副词同形词。

[例10] Instead, he hopes that his business will grow __________(steady).

[例11] Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks __________(regular).

[例12] My uncles ____________(immediate) jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird.

基础训练

一、词性转化

（1）describe----n.________ （6）exist----n.________

（2）determine----n.________ （7）explain----n. ________

（3）energy----adj.________ （8）fog----adj.________

（4）equal---n.________ （9）fight----pt.----pp.________

（5）expect----n. ________ （10）forbid----pt.----pp.________

二、单句语法填空

Tibetan antelope (藏羚羊)in China is ________(danger) now.

all ________ (predict) come true.

's cold and ________ (fog) in London at this time of the year.

must use our ________ (limit) time to finish this task.

en all enjoy themselves ________(outdoor).

seven-year-old child's painting is really ________ (impress).

is ________(dusk) light inside the cave.

the past 12 years, American and Chinese leaders have met ________(frequent) to discuss a whole host of issues.

government has released an ________(announce) that old buildings should be tear down.

10.I am much ________(delight) to be present at the lecture and to give you a speech.

are ________(add) charges.

's an ________(entire) different matter.

did he ________(actual) say?

14.________ (base), my knowledge of physics is pretty limited.

father is a leader with courage and ________(determine).

President was leaving for a four-day ________(office) visit to China.

17.I felt sick because that fish ________(agree) with me.

the ________(guide) of Professor Li, I made great progress in English.

ally, they drew a ________ (conclude) that they should never drink and drive.

Edison, a well-known inventor, made great ________(contribute) to the society.

21.I paid a visit to many ________(attract) tourist sights in Zhanjiang this summer holiday.

were the first ________(settle) to come here and had settled down ever since.

e of too much ________(expose) to the hot sun, he had his skin burnt seriously.

________(pollute) has been one of the most serious danger to people's health.

are in complete ________(ignore) of your plans.

are ________(wool) blankets.

experienced teacher's ________(explain) to the math problem was clear and to the point.

young teacher was scolded by the headmaster because he treated the slow students ________(patient).

's involved in the ________(organize) of a new club.

his ________(recover) from his illness, he continued his work again.

强化训练

易错积累

一、单句语法填空

1. Mount Vesuvius had not erupted for centuries, the people of Pompeii felt that they were in _________(safe).

2. The Theater District is a popular tourist _________(attract) in New York City.

3. At first people there found the Chinese and their work very strange. My father often saw people run after trains out of

__________(curious).

4. The boy gave his classmate a________(describe) of what he had seen on his way to school

5. People who are far-sighted can see things that are far away but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it

at an arm's__________(long).

6. Swimming alone in the river is_________(high) dangerous.

7. Nowadays young people never___________(will) let their creativity be limited by their parents. or traditional rules.

8. After a long walk I felt__________(tire).

9. Floating on a pool of water at the base and looking up at the waterfall with a background of blue sky was one of the most

__________(relax) experiences of my life.

10. What a wonderful example these two elderly sisters were to me! I will always be __________(thank)that I had the

opportunity to know them.

真题演练

一、单句语法填空

1. Running is cheap, easy and it's always ___________(energy).

2. A taste for meat is__________( actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens,

pigs, and cattle,

3. This switch has decreased __________(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water

safer for people,

ing to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total__________( globe) fertilizer

consumption.

5. I'm a____________(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.

6. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be _________(afford) but doing this most days

adds up.

7. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in

___________ (weigh) problems.

8. Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me,

pandas are its top___________(attract).

模拟冲关

一、单句语法填空

1. They had both been sentenced to ___________(die).

2. The girl then plants a kiss on the grass in a heart-warming show of__________(affect).

3. My___________(apply) was successful and I spent an enjoyable month learning film-making.

4. Perhaps he can make his___________(fortunate) at football

5. I really needed Snow, because it was good for my___________ (recover).

6. Pop-up shops first appeared in the UK in the early 2000s. They were___________(origin) a way for small

companies to rent small space in great locations.

7. Indeed, travelling around this country will___________ (true) give you an amazing experience because of its

interesting things offered to all types of tourists.

8. The water near the equator is less salty than that found in the mid-latitudes(中纬度)for ___________(abundance)

equatorial precipitation(赤道降水) throughout the year.

9. Films, books, magazines, etc. give us ___________(day) amusement.

10. In some___________(crowd)cities, the car has polluted the air so badly that people get sick just from breathing it.

语法填空

Everyone has secrets, and John Corcoran is no exception. For decades, Corcoran lived with an

1.___________(embarrass) secret, one that millions of Americans have. He was a college graduate and had even been

a teacher for years, 2.___________John was reading at an elementary school level once. 3.___________(fail) to learn

how to read in school, Corcoran finally developed the thought that there was something wrong with him. Then one day,

at the age of 48, he accidentally 4.___________(hear) two women in the checkout line talking about how proud they

were 5.___________their adult brother for finally learning how to read. Soon afterwards, Corcoran went to a reading

clinic 6.___________(get) help. After 125 hours' professional 7.___________(treat), he could read at a 12th grade

level. Since he began to learn to read, Corcoran 8.___________(write) poems and short stories, and has started a

foundation to provide tutoring for thousands of students 9.___________cannot read like him."I used to call my

problem a curse," Corcoran said, "but now it's 10.___________(actual) a blessing to me, because I get to encourage

others and show it's never too late to learn how to read.”

例1答案：education

例2答案：development

例3答案：sudden

例4答案：free

例5答案：beautiful

例6答案：officially

例7答案：terribly

例8答案：Luckily

例9答案：disappoint

例10答案：steadily

例11答案：regularly

例12答案：immediately

基础训练答案

一、（1）description

（2）determination

（3）energetic

（4）equality

（5）expectation

（6）existence

（7）explanation

（8）foggy

（9）fought--fought

（10）forbade-forbidden

二、语法填空

1.【答案】 endangered

2.【答案】predictions

3.【答案】foggy

4.【答案】limited

强化训练答案

5.【答案】outdoors

6.【答案】impressive

7.【答案】dusky

8.【答案】frequently

9.【答案】announcement

10.【答案】delighted

11.【答案】additional

12.【答案】entirely

13.【答案】actually

14.【答案】Basically

15.【答案】determination

16.【答案】official

17.【答案】disagreed

18.【答案】guidance

19.【答案】conclusion

20.【答案】contributions

21.【答案】attractive

22.【答案】settlers

23.【答案】exposure

24.【答案】pollution

25.【答案】ignorance

26.【答案】woolen

27.【答案】explanation

28.【答案】impatiently

29.【答案】organization

30.【答案】recovery

易错积累：

tion ity ption gly ng ul

真题演练：tic ly ion ist able tion

模拟冲关： ion ation e ry; ally nt d

语法填空：embarrassing; but; Failing; heard; of; to get; treatment; has written; that/who; actually

本文标签： 形容词名词动词