法律英语词汇

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2023年12月25日发(作者：)

法律英语词汇

Words and Expressions:

1. decision ：n. an authoritative determination (as a decree

or judgment) made after consideration of facts or law 裁决，判决

2. precedent ：n. a judicial decision that should be followed

by a judge when deciding

a later similar case 先例

3. ruling ：n. an official or authoritative determination,

decree, statement, or interpretation (as by a judge on a question

of law) 裁定、裁决

4. overrule：vt. to rule against upon review by virtue of a

higher authority 推翻

e law ：a branch of law concerned with private

persons, property, and relationships 私法

ature：n. a body of persons having the authority to

make laws for a political unit (as a nation or state) 立法机关

tutional law：n. a body of statutory and case law that

is based on, concerns, or interprets a constitution 宪法性法律

8. statute：n. a law enacted by the legislative branch of a

government 制定法，成文法

le：vt. to bring or summon together into a group

esp. in a particular place for a particular purpose 编纂

：n. a systematic compilation or revision of law or

legal principles that is arranged esp. by subject 法典

11. case law：n. law established by judicial decisions in cases

as distinguished from law created by legislation-called also

decision law 判例法

e Court ：n. the highest courts in the judicial

branch of the U.S. government that has original jurisdiction over

controversies involving ambassadors or other ministers or

consuls but whose main activity is as the court of last resort

exercising appellate jurisdiction over cases involving federal law

最高法院

：vt. to alter esp. in the wording; esp: to alter

formally by modification, deletion, or addition 修改，修订

ent 修正案

sance：n. the commission (as by a public official)

of a wrongful or unlawful act involving or affecting the per

formance of one’s duties 渎职行为（罪）h ：vt. to

charge with a crime or misconduct; specif: to charge (a public

official) before a competent tribunal (as the U.S. Senate) with

misconduct in office 弹劾

17. doctrine of constitutional supremacy 宪法至上原则

n ：n. the offence of attempting to overthrow the

government of one’s country or of assisting its enemies in war

叛国罪

eanor：n. a crime that carries a less severe

punishment than a felony; specif: a crime punishable by a fine

and by a term of imprisonment not to be served in

a penitentiary and not to exceed one year 轻罪

：n. a draft of a law presented to a legislature for

enactment 议案，法案

tutionality ：n. the quality or state of being

constitutional; esp: conformity with the provisions of a

constitution 合宪性

te：vt. to empower a body (as an administrative

agency) to perform (a governmental function) 授权，委托

23 .choice of law ：n. an issue in conflicts of law as to what

law (as among laws of different states or multiple federal laws)

should be applied in a case 法律选择

issue ( also in issue): under discussion or in dispute 有争议的

：n. court 法院

court：n. the court before which issues of fact and

law are tried and first determined as distinguished from an

appellate court 初审法院，审判法院

ate ：adj. of or relating to appeals or the power to

hear appeals 上诉的

：n. a proceeding in which a case is brought before

a higher court for review of a lower court’s judgment for the

purpose of convincing the higher cour t that the lower court’s

judgment was incorrect 上诉

iction：n. the power, right, or authority to interpret,

apply, and declare the law (as by rendering a decision) 管辖权

d jurisdiction：n. jurisdiction that is restricted (as to

a type of case) 有限管

l jurisdiction：n. jurisdiction that is not limited (as

to a particular class of case) 普遍管辖权

t court：n. a court that sits in more that one place in

a judicial district: as any of the federal courts of appeals 巡回法院

33. hear：vt. to give a hearing to 听审，审理

ination n. a decision of a court or administrative

agency regarding an issue, case, or claim 判决，裁决

nt ：n. an active party to litigation 诉讼当事人

ediate court：n. a court (as an appeals court)

beneath the court of last resort in a jurisdiction 中级上诉法院

ct court：n. a trial court having general or limited

jurisdiction in a judicial district as one of the federal trial courts

sitting in a federal district 地区法院

ity jurisdiction ：the jurisdiction granted to federal

courts over civil disputes involving parties having diverse

citizenship (as in being from different states) where the matter in

controversy exceeds a statutory amount 多州管辖权，多元管辖权tion：n. the power of a judge to use his or her own

judgment in making decisions guided by what is fair and

equitable and by principles of law 自由裁量权ary ：adj.

of, relating to, or involving a system of justice in which opposing

parties usu. represented by counsel present evidence to an

impartial decision-maker (as a jury) by a process of questioning

witnesses under the supervision of a judge 对抗性的

41 controversy：n. a state of dispute or disagreement争议，纠纷

ding ：n. a particular step or series of steps in the

enforcement, adjudication, or administration of rights, remedies,

laws, or regulations 程序，诉讼程序

tory ：adj.管理的，规范性的

te ：n. person who pleads on behalf of another,

esp a lawyer who presents a client’s case in a law court 律师

45．produce：vt. bring out or show sth so that it can be

examined or used 出示，举

46. inquisitorial: adj. constituting or relating to a system of

justice in which the judge conducts an inquiry developing the

facts of litigant’s case审讯的，调查的，讯问的ony: n.

evidence furnished by a witness under oath or affirmation and

either orally or in an affidavit or deposition 证据，证词

48. direct examination :n. the first examination of a witness

by the party calling the witness直接质证，直接询问

49. cross examination :n. the examination of a witness who

has already testified in order to check or discredit the witness’s

testimony, knowledge, or credibility 交叉质证，交叉询问

50. settlement: n. an agreement between litigants that

concludes the litigation .和解

：vi. to lay down a rule or ruling 裁定

：n. the substance of a case apart from matters of

jurisdiction, procedure, or form 案件的实质问题

：vt. to bring an action against 对……提起诉讼

s ：vt.,n. compensation for wrong or loss 纠正，补救，救济

: v.,n. 救济

:n. 救济（过去用于指衡平法上的救济）

ation：n. the process of resolving a dispute or a

grievance outside of the court system by presenting it to an

impartial third party or panel for a decision that may or may not

be binding 仲裁

：n. a right to seek a judicial remedy arising from a

wrong or injury suffered 诉讼请求，主张

s：n. a written notification that one is required to

appear in court 传票

ng ：n. one of the formal declarations exchanged

by the parties in a legal proceeding setting forth claims,

averments, allegations, denials, or defenses文状，诉状

/doc/ plaint ：n. the initial pleading that starts a lawsuit and that

sets forth the allegations made by the plaintiff against the

defendant and the plaintiff’s demand for

relief 起诉状

：n. an application made to a court or judge to

obtain such an application 动议

s：vt. to bring about or order the dismissal of (an

action) 驳回（起诉），撤销（案子）

64．allege ：vt. to state (as a fact) in a pleading 宣称

：vt. to present and demand recognition of 断言，主张

e：抗辩，防卫，辩方

ative defense：a defense that does not deny the

truth of the allegations against the defendant but gives some

other reason why the defendant cannot be liable 积极抗辩

r-claim：n. a claim for relief that is asserted against

an opposing party after an original claim has been made 反诉

ery :n. the methods used by parties to a civil or

criminal action to obtain information held by the other party that

is relevant to the action .证据开示

(n. deposition)：vt. to testify to under oath or by

sworn affidavit 宣誓作证

nt：n. a person who gives a deposition 宣誓后的作证者

ogatory (vt. interrogate)：n. a written question

directed by one party to another regarding information that is

within the scope of discovery 问题,质询书

g ：adj. not yet decided 未决的

vit：n. a sworn statement in writing made esp.

under oath or on affirmation before an authorized magistrate

officer 宣誓书

y judgment：judgment that may be granted

upon a party’s motion when the pleadings, discovery, and any

affidavits show that there is no genuine issue of material fact and

that the party is entitled to judgment in its favor as a matter of

law即席判决al jurisdiction : the jurisdiction granted a

court to try a case in the first instance, make findings of fact, and

render a usu. appealable decision 初审管辖权ate

jurisdiction ：the jurisdiction granted to particular courts to hear

appeals of the decisions of lower tribunals and to reverse, affirm,

or modify those decisions

上诉管辖权

78. enabling legislation 授权性立法

process: a course of formal proceedings (as judicial

proceedings) carried out regularly, fairly, and in accordance with

established rules and principles 正当程序: a crime that

has a greater punishment imposed by statute than that imposed

on a misdemeanor , specif : a federal crime for which the

punishment may be death or imprisonment重罪

81. judicial review: a constitutional doctrine that gives to a

court system the power to annul legislative or executive acts

which the judges declare to be unconstitutional 司法审查，违宪审查

82. conviction：n. the final judgment entered after a finding

of guilt 有罪判决

83. convict: v. to find guilty of a criminal offense 判决有罪，裁定有罪

84：acquit: to absolve (a criminal defendant) of a charge by

judicial process ,宣判无罪.

tal:n.宣判无罪

86. common law: the body of law developed in England that

is the basis of U.S. federal law and of state law in all states except

Louisiana.普通法

law:民法，大陆法

诉讼

或lawsuit, 常和action 混用指具体的诉讼

tion 诉讼（指诉讼这种争议解决方式）

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