专业英语八级英译汉(小品文类)强化练习试卷1(题后含答案及解析)

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2024年3月12日发(作者：)

专业英语八级英译汉（小品文类）强化练习试卷1

(题后含答案及解

析)

题型有： 5. TRANSLATION

PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESEDirections: Translate the following

text into Chinese.

1． The art of pleasing is a very necessary one to possess; but a very

difficult one to acquire. It can hardly be reduced to rules; and your own good sense

and observation will teach you more of it than I can. Do as you would be done by, is

the surest method that I know of pleasing. Observe carefully what pleases you in

others, and probably the same things in you will please others. If you are pleased with

the complaisance and attention of others to your humors, your tastes, or your

weaknesses, depend upon it, the same complaisance and attention, on your part, to

theirs, will equally please them. Take the tone of the company, that you are in, and do

not pretend to give it; be serious, gay, or even trifling, as you find the present humor

of the company: this is an attention due from every individual to the majority. Do not

tell stories in company; there is nothing more tedious and disagreeable ; if by chance

you know a very short story, and exceedingly applicable to the present subject of

conversation, tell it in as few words as possible, and even then, throw out that you do

not love to tell stores, but that the shortness of it tempted you.

正确答案： 己所不欲，勿施于人，据我所知这是取悦于人的最稳妥的方

法。仔细观察别人是如何取悦于你的，你这样去做很可能也会令别人感到愉悦。

假如别人关注你的情绪或是尊重你的喜好或缺点会让你感到愉快，那么同样，关

注他人的情绪或是尊重他人的喜好或缺点保准也会让他们感到愉快。要融人到你

周围的氛围中去，而不要假装去营造某种气氛；气氛是严肃，是欢快，还是随意，

要取决于你周围人的情绪：当然这一点是每个人都要注意的，要去顺应多数人的

情绪。和大家在一起时不要讲故事，因为再没有比这更乏味更惹人厌烦的了。如

果你碰巧知道一个很短的故事，而且与谈话主题特别切合，那么就尽可能用简短

的话来讲。即便如此，也不要表现出你很爱讲故事，而是仅仅因为这故事很简短，

你才脱口而出的。

解析：1．划线部分第一句比较简单，按照汉语表达方式调整语序和语态即

可。2．划线部分第二句中，what pleases you in others译为“别人如何取悦于你

的”，更符合汉语表达习惯。3．划线部分第三句稍长，采取顺译法即可。depend

upon it是典型的口语惯用法，意为surely。“…the complaisance and attention of

others to your humors，your tastes，or your weaknesses”一句中，humors指的是

“人的心情或情绪”，而tastes和weaknesses是近义词，指的是“人的喜好或偏

爱”，因此该句可翻译为“关注你的情绪，尊重你的喜好”。4．划线部分第四句

话中，take the tone of the company意为“融人到周围的氛围中”。此句中的tone

与humor是同义词。“this is an attention due from every individual to the majority”

一句在翻译时可根据汉语表达习惯译为两个小分句。5．最后一句话句式较长，

根据语义可以译为三句话，第一个意群在第二个分号处，第二个意群在and even

then之前。根据上下文，but that the shortness of it tempted you可以翻译为“仅仅

是因为这故事很简短，你才脱口而出的”，tempted这里是指“使人很想做某事”。

知识模块：英译汉（小品文）

2． The philosophy of the Cyrenaic school, founded by Aristippus, proceeds

on the assumption that happiness is, in point of fact, the good, the supreme good, or

chief end of man; and this assumption, so far from being discountenanced by the

philosophy of Socrates, is involved in that philosophy as one of its most vital

principles . Viewed as a matter of fact, we must admit that his own happiness,

whatever it may consist in, or whatever may be the means to be employed in the

attainment, is the end which each individual has most at heart, and at which he

ultimately aims. This is the end after which all men most eagerly strive. Happiness is

the goal, which, consciously or unconsciously, we are all struggling to reach. Milton

has written two epic poems in which he commemorates our fallen and our restored

condition. He has written Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. But the true epic of

humanity—the epic which is in a constant course of evolution from the beginning

until the end of time, the epic which is daily poured forth from the heart of the whole

human race, sometimes in rejoicing paeans, but oftener amid woeful lamentation,

tears, and disappointed hopes—what is it but Paradise sought for?

正确答案： 事实上，我们必须承认，不论幸福的本质特征是什么，或者

获得幸福的手段如何，幸福是每个人心中最重视的目的，也是其最终追求的目标。

它是所有人最渴望达到的目的。不论是否有意为之，幸福都是我们所有人努力去

实现的目标。弥尔顿写了两部史诗，描述了我们从伊甸园堕落以及重返伊甸园的

情景。这两部史诗就是《失乐园》和《复乐园》。但人类真正的史诗——从时间

的开始到时间的结束一直处于发展过程的史诗，全人类日复一日发自内心的史

诗，有时是欢乐的赞歌，但更多时候是悲伤、眼泪和失望——除了我们所追求的

乐园还能是什么呢?

解析：1．第一句中的his指的是each individual。in the attainment后面省略

了of the happiness，因此应译为“获得幸福”。2．第二句中的strive译为“实现

目标”。3．第三句在翻译时应当把which引导的定语从句中的插入语提前。4．第

四句中的commemorate根据上下文应译为“描述”。其中，fallen指的是“人类

犯罪堕落”，而restored指的是“人类重返伊甸园”。5．第五句中提到了弥尔顿

的两部代表作：Paradise Lost(《失乐园》)和Paradise Regained(《复乐园》)。6．最

后一句破折号中间部分都是epic的同位语，解释了什么是人类真正的史诗，因

此翻译时可以保留原句句式，以破折号来连接即可。句中的Paradise根据上文应

译为“乐园”。 知识模块：英译汉（小品文）

3． Once a circle missed a wedge. The circle wanted to be whole, so it went

around looking for its missing piece. But because it was incomplete and therefore

could roll only very slowly, it admired the flowers along the way. It chatted with

worms. It enjoyed the sunshine. It found lots of different pieces, but none of them fit.

So it left them all by the side of the road and kept on searching. Then one day the

circle found a piece that fit perfectly. It was so happy. Now it could be whole, with

nothing missing. It incorporated the missing piece into itself and began to roll. Now

that it was a perfect circle, it could roll very fast, too fast to notice flowers or talk to

the worms. When it realized how different the world seemed when it rolled so quickly,

it stopped, left its found piece by the side of the road and rolled slowly away. The

lesson of the story, I suggested, was that in some strange sense we are more whole

when we are missing something. The man who has everything is in some ways a poor

man. He will never know what it feels like to yearn, to hope, to nourish his soul with

the dream of something better. He will never know the experience of having someone

who loves him give him something he has always wanted or never had. There is a

wholeness about the person who has come to terms with his limitations, who has been

brave enough to let go of his unrealistic dreams and not feel like a failure for doing so.

There is a wholeness about the man or woman who has learned that he or she is strong

enough to go through a tragedy and survive, who can lose someone and still feel like a

complete person.

正确答案： 我认为这个故事告诉我们：从某种奇妙的意义上讲，当人们

缺少某些东西时反而更加完整。一个拥有一切的人其实在某些方面是个穷人。他

永远体会不到渴望、期待以及用美好的梦想滋养灵魂是一种怎样的感觉。他也永

远不会有这样一种体验——从一个爱他的人那里获得某种梦寐以求或从未拥有

过的东西。 人生的完整性在于知道如何面对自身的种种缺陷，如何勇敢地摒

弃不现实的幻想且不以此而抱憾。人生的完整性还在于学会坚强面对人生悲剧并

继续生存，能够在失去亲人后依然保持完整的自我。

解析：1．第二段第一句中suggest，此处引申译为“认为”。2．第二段第三

句中yearn指“渴望”。the dream of something better可译为“美好的梦想”，若直

译为“对更好事物的梦想”则显得呆板。3．第二段最后一句He will never know…

never had在翻译时可在介词of处断开，把of后面的动名词短语译为一个句子，

使译文符合“汉语多短句”的特点。4．第三段由两个并列的长句子组成，可采

用顺译法。5．第三段第一句中come to terms with“与……达成妥协”。let go of

指“释放，放开”。6．go through指“经历，经受”。7．第三段最后一句中的still

feel like a complete person，可以正说正译为“仍然保持完整的自我”，也可以正

说反译为“仍不失完整的自我”。 知识模块：英译汉（小品文）

4． To help others, you don’t have to be an efficient expert in the art; the

main thing is the intention. You may be crude and clumsy, wasteful and ineffective,

but if you sincerely try to help, your attempt produces nothing but good. The one you

are trying to help knows your intention and is strengthened and encouraged by the

magic of your sharing. In nearly every case, your simple desire to help, converted into

action, produces the good sought. But perhaps the greatest good is the good that you

yourself get out of the attempt. Service to others delivers more joy to you than the joy

you deliver to them. In doing good, you free yourself from the terrible burden of self;

you escape from yourself into a clean world of joy and light. The good you simply try

to do, regardless of the outcome, is always a success inside yourself. Unselfish

giving is your most efficient formula for happiness, for you have embraced Eternity

instead of Self; you have felt life, and you are now the world bigger than you were

before you began the project.

正确答案： 若想助人，你并不一定要成为深诸助人之道的专家，重要的

是要有一颗助人之心。你或许粗心鲁莽、笨手笨脚、徒费工夫又毫无成效，但若

是诚意相助，你努力的结果定会是好的。你想帮助的人得知你的心意时，会因为

你同担困苦产生的神奇力量而坚强振作起来。每次你把单纯的助人之心转化为行

动，几乎都会产生期望的善果。然而你助人时带给自己的善果或许是最大的善果。

服务他人所获得的快乐比你为他人带去的快乐要多。行善时，你便摆脱了自我的

可怕负担，进入了一个欢乐而光明的清新世界。只要抱着单纯行善之心，无论结

果如何，都是你内心的一种成功。 无私施予是获得快乐最有效的方式，因为

你信奉的是“永恒”而非“自我”，你真切地感受生命，而你现在的世界要比行

善伊始更加宽阔。

解析：1．第一段第一句中art指“艺术”，此处具体引申为“助人之道”。intention

指“目的，意图”，此处则引申为“助人之心”。2．第二句中有几个并列的形容

词crude and clumsy，wasteful and ineffective，翻译时注意发挥汉语多用四字词语

的优势，译为“粗心鲁莽，笨手笨 脚，徒费工夫又毫无成效”。nothing but“仅

仅，只”。3．第三句中magic指“魔力，神奇的力量”。4．第四句的主语部分

your simple desire to help，converted into action中的过去分词短语converted into

action充当simple desire to help的定语。该部分可译成一个句子“你把单纯的助

人之心转化为行动”。5．第四句中the good sought可译为“好结果”，过去分词

sought作后置定语，指“追求的，期望的”。6．第五句中attempt指“尝试”，该

词是中性词，翻译时注意其褒贬色彩，不要译成“企图”。7．第七句中free yourself

from可译为“摆脱……”，不要生硬地译成“把自己从……解放出来”。8．第二

段第一句中formula指“公式，规则”。Eternity和Self两个词使用了大写形式，

表示强调，在译文中，可以加引号表示强调。 知识模块：英译汉（小品文）

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