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2024年4月21日发(作者：)
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初高中英语衔接
----句子成分与句子分析
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
总结：句子成分
句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关
系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有
六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有八种：___________ 、谓语、________ 、宾语 、_________ 和状语 、___________
和 同位语 。
主 语（subject）
二、找出下列句子的主语并说明由什么词充当
have ears.
2. He will take you to the hospital.
plus four equals seven.
see is to believe.
g is not allowed in public places.
r or not they will come depends on the weather.
learn English well is very important.
总结：
1.主语是句子所要说明的人或事物表示句子所说的是”什么人”或”什么事物”,是句子的主体。
2.主语的位置通常_______________，一般不省略.(但要注意there be结构,祈使句和疑问句)
3.可以担当主语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式(it作形式主语)、动词ing和主语从句。
谓语动词（predicate verb）
三、找出下列句子的谓语
1. These boys like swimming.
2. I wrote a letter just now.
3. Mary runs very fast.
4. Those people are talking.
5. We can swim.
6. They don’t want to have a picnic.
7. He stood up and walked towards me..
总结：
位置：______________之后
可以充当谓语的有：实义动词/系动词
① 说明主语的动作或状态的句子成分,说明主语”干什么,是什么或怎么样”.
② 句子必有谓语.
③ 谓语动词的位置一般在______________之后。
④ 谓语动词由a)实义动词或系动词担任b)助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓
语动词。
表语（predicative）
四、找出下列句子的表语
1. My father is a professor.
2. Who's that? It's me.
3. Everything here is dear to her.
4. The match became very exciting.
5. The story of my life may be of help to others.
6. Three times five is fifteen.
7. His plan is to seek work in the city.
8. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.
总结
：表语（predicative）是用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态的，
它的位置在________________之后主要说明主语 “是什么或怎么样”.
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可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词与分词、数词、动词不定式、介词短语、副词以及表语从句等。
什么是系动词？
1、本身有一定的词义,但不能独立做谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语.
2、系动词不用被动语态.
系动词的分类
① be (最基本的系动词)
② “感觉和知觉”类 :look(看起来);feel(摸起来); sound(听起来); taste(尝起来); smell(闻起来)
③ “似乎”类: appear(好象;显得); seem(似乎)
④ “变成”类:become; grow; get turn; fall;go
⑤ “仍然”类:remain; stay; keep; continue
⑥ “结果”类: prove; turn out
宾语（object）
五、找出下列句子的宾语
1. She covered her face with her hands.
2. We haven‘t seen her for a long time.
3. Do you mind opening the window?
4. Give me four please.
5. He wants to dream a nice dream.
6. We need to know what others are doing.
7. I lived in Japan in 1986.
总结
：
① 宾语（object）表示动作行为的对象，是动作的承受者。
② 宾语一般放在___________________之后,和及物动词一起说明主语做什么.
③ 英语介词后也会跟宾语。
④ 可作宾语的有名词、数词、代词、动名词等。不定式也可作及物动词的宾语。
定语（attribute）
六、找出下列句子的定语
① They are women workers.
② Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday.
③ Equal pay for equal work should be introduced.
④ The play has three acts.
⑤ This is her first trip to Europe.
⑥ China is a developing country.
⑦ You haven't kept your promise to write us often.
⑧
My cat has a good nose for milk.
总结
：
1.定语（attribute）是修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子。
2.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之
后。
3.作定语的有名词、形容词、数词、分词及其短语、不定式及其短语、介词短语以及定语从句
等。
状语（adverbial）
七、找出下列句子的状语
1. These products are selling quickly.
2. He is1.83metres tall.
3. The best fish swim near the bottom.
4. She sat there doing nothing.
5. We'll send a car over to fetch you.
6. She was too slow to make up her mind.
while the iron is hot.
总结
：
1.状语（adverbial）是修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分。
2.状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。
3.作状语的有副词、名词、介词短语、分词及其短语、动词不定式及其短语、状语从句等。
宾语补足语（object complement）
八、找出下列句子的宾语补足语
elected me captain of the team.
made me ashamed of myself.
found everything there in good order.
4.I should advise you not to miss the chance.
5.I could feel my heart beating fast.
goods are left unsold.
was elected director of public relations.
总结
：
1.英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语（object complement），才能
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使句子的意义完整。
2.宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。
3.如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语4.可以
担当补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等。
同位语(The Appositive）
九、找出下列句子的同位语
have two children, a boy and a girl.
all wanted to see him.
two went, and we three stayed .
first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.
news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
6.I met my new teacher Miss Green this morning.
● Beijing ,the capital of China , will hold the 2008 Olympics.
●He can speak two foreign languages, French and English.
● They each have an apple.
● We all like him very much.
● You two seem to know each other.
●He used the word “ fly ” many times.
● He told us the fact that he had stolen the bike.
总结
：
1.同位语(The Appositive）当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被
用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，
2.后者就叫做前者的同位语．
句子结构分析
英语的句子分从结构上分______ 种: ______________ ;_______________ ;________________.
一. 简单句：一个主语+一个谓语的句子(五个基本句型)
简单句的五种基本句型
（1） 主语 + 谓语（S+Vi)
He studies (very hard).
（2） 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语(S+Vt+O)
He bought a book (yesterday).
（3） 主语 + 连系动词 +表语(SVP)
This kind of food tastes terrible.
（4） 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(SVoO)
Please show your picture to me.
He gives me a nice present.
（5） 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语(SVOC)
He painted the wall white.
The boss made him do the work (all day).
试用以上五个结构分析以下句子结构：
1. Farmers( in our area) grow lots of vegetables.
2. The accident happened (yesterday evening).
3. Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.
4. Keep the children quiet, please.
5. Please show me your picture.
二. 并列句：用并列连词把两个或两个以上的分句连接的句子。
（1）表示并列关系：and, not only…but (also )…., neither, nor, neither…nor…
One day John was late, and his teacher was angry.
Not only is your answer right, but also mine is.
Neither does he work hard, nor does his brother.
（2）. 表示选择关系；or, either…or…
The children can go with us, or they can stay in.
Either you are mad, or I am.
（3）. 表转折关系:but, yet, still, while
Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.
She got up early, （and） yet she failed to be there on time.
（4）. 表因果或结果关系:for ,so
Someone is coming, for the dog is barking.
It was late, so I must go home.
三.复合句：一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子
思考：英语从句分多少种？
练习1
：判断下列句子是简单句,并列句还是复合句
1. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
2. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
3. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
4. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?
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5. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
6. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
练习2:
把下面的句子翻译成汉语
1. 我感到有点担心.(S+V+P)
2.老师让孩子们玩耍.(S+V+O+C)
3.他给了那个小男孩一些糖果.(S+V+OO)
4.她买了一张世界地图.(S+V+O)
5.我们认为这本书很贵.(S+V+O+C)
6.他们终于到了.(S+Vi)
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