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2024年4月21日发(作者：)
简单句的五种基本句型
英语是一种结构型的语言，以 谓语动词为核心构成各种句型。下表是简单句的五种基本句型。
谓语部分
句型种类 主语
谓语动词 表语 宾语
宾 补
1. S + Vi.
Birds fly.
主语+不及物动词
2. S + Vt. + O
He plays the piano.
主语+及物动词+宾语
3. S + LV. + P
We
are
friends.
主语+系动词+表语 （系动词）
4. S + Vt. + IO + DO
主语+及物动词+间接
I gave
him a pen
宾语+直接宾语
（间宾）（直宾）
5. S + Vt. + O + OC
主语+及物动词+宾语
+
宾语
Tom made me
cry
补足语
.
句型一： 主谓结构=主语+不及物动词 (
S+ Vi)
［
讲解
］
⑴不及物动词不能直接加宾语。 如
agree, lie, work, argue, belong, come, go, reply
等。
(2)
不及物动词加一个介词后构成动词短语可以加宾语。 如
agree with, lie in, work at,
belong to, come across, go to
等。
(3)
有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。 如
begin, sell, write, wash, answer, read
等。
例如
：
The meeting begins at half past nine.(
不及物动词
)
The professor began his speech directly.(
及物动词
)
The books of this kind sell well and he will sell them.
(第一个
sell
为不及物动词，而第二个是及物动词 )。
［练习
］1
.指出划线部分动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。
(1) Speak aloud so that everyone can follow you.
(2) Besides Japanese, he can also speak Spanish.
(3) His father used to work hard to make much money.
(4) I intended to lie to him, but failed.
( )
( )
(5) Unfortunately, I failed the driving test.
( )
2.
在每一空格上填上恰当的介词。
( )
(1) I don ' t agree you completely. I have my own opinion.
( )
(2) The dictionary is not Tom ' s. It belongs me.
(3) Use your head, and you will think some ways to solve the problem.
(4) To improve my English, I work hard it.
(5) Look the cloudy sky! It is going to rain.
6
.句型二： 主谓宾结构=主语+及物动词+宾语
(S + Vt. + O)
［练习］划出以下句子的主、谓、宾部分。
如:
Doing morning exercises benefits our health.
(1) I wrote a passage last night.
(2) I doubt whether he will join us in the debate.
(3) We missed going to college for that reason.
(4) What he said touched me greatly.
句型三： 主系表结构
=
主语+系动词+表语
(
S + LV + P )
［讲解］
(1)
系动词的三种分类：在初中阶段，我们学过的表示 保持或状态”类的有
be, remain, stay,
keep, prove
等；
表示 变化"类 的有
grow, turn, get, become, fall, go, come
等；
表示 感官"类 的有
look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem, appear
等。
例如：
I am a senior school student while he is a junior one.
我是高中生，他是初中生。
After four years, Tom became a doctor/ turned doctor.
四年后， 汤姆成了一名医生。
The story sounds interesting and instructive.
这故事听起来既有趣，又有教育意义。
(2)
可以充当表语的有形容词、 名词、副词(短语)、介词短语、表语从句、分
词(短语
)
等。例如：
In order to keep healthy, he takes exercise everyday.(
形容词作表语
)
In my mind, mother is my hero.(
名词作表语
)
Look! Your pet dog is there.(
副词作表语
)
The schoolbags come in different sizes.(
介词短语作表语
)
You' ve changed a lot. You are not what you were.(
表语从句作表语
)
Many passengers got injured in the accident.(
过去分词作表语
)
The machine keeps running for a long time.
(现在分词短语作表语)
(3)
使用系动词应注意的地
方：第一，没有被动语态；第二，一般没有进行时 (除了
feel
以外)；
第三，有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词
。
如：
keep, grow, taste, feel, get, smell
等。
第四，非谓语一般用现在分词 (这一点仅作了解，高中阶段将涉及。
)
例如：
After two- day" s treatment, he felt we ll again.(
不用
was felt)
He remains an excellent engineer in the factory. (
不用
is remained)
比较：
We grew some trees around our school and they grow green now.
(grew
是及物动词，意思是 ; 而
grow
是系动词，意思是
)
The pet dog keeps clean. It is kept by Johnson.
(keeps
是 动词，意思是 ; 而
kept
是 动词，意思是
)
Just now I felt the table and it felt smooth .
(第一个
felt
是 动词，意思是 "触摸”；
而第二个是 动词，意思是“摸上去”
)
［练习］选择一个合适的词或根据汉语提示填空，注意动词的适当形式。
(1) I(remain / keep / stay) a nurse while he has (turn / become)
engineer.
(2) Put the meat in the refrigerator (
冰箱
).It(go / get / turn / become) bad easily.
(3) What he said(sound / look / smell / taste) reasonable.
(4) He feels(comfortable / comfortably) working in the air-conditioned office.
(5) We do morning exercises to(keep / turn / become) healthy.
(6) The apple(tastes / is tasted) sweet.
(7) Please keep(
安静
);The baby has fallen(
睡着
).
(8) They work day and night to make their dream come(
实现
).
句型四： 主谓双宾结构=主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)
(
S+ Vt + IO + DO)
［讲解
］(1)
双宾语指直接宾语与间接宾语。一般地说，宾语指人为间接宾语，宾语指物为直接宾
语。例如
：
My father bought me a car. ( me
为间接宾语
，
a car
为直接宾语)
The singer sang us another song. (us
为间接宾语,
another song
为直接宾语)
(2)
如果直接宾语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前，那么两个宾语之间应有一个介词
(
to, for
等)。
The teacher offered some advice on learning English to us.
The singer sang another song for us.
［练习］在每一空格上填上一个恰当的介词。
(1) Mother bought a birthday cake me.
(2) Give another apple her. She likes it.
(3) The company will provide some drinks the volunteers.
句型五： 主谓宾宾补结构=主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
(
S+ Vt + O + OC)
［讲解］宾补是用来描述或说明宾语的动作、状态或特征。宾语是宾补的逻辑主语 (暗含的主语)。
宾补可由名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式 (短语)、分词(短语)等来充当。
例如：
Tom made the baby laugh.(
不带
to
的不定式
laugh
作宾补)
Tell him to follow the instructions.(
不定式短语作宾补
)
They made Beijing the capital of the PRC.(
名词作宾补
)
We saw the old man crossing the street when we walked.(
现在分词短语作宾补
)
I tried my best to make the lesson a lively one.(
不定代词
one
作宾*卜
)
What made you here?(
副词作宾补
)
We found ourselves in great trouble.(
介词短语作宾补
)
Don' t leave the machine working all day long.(
现在分词短语作宾补
)
［练习］根据汉语或英语提示在空格上填一个恰当的单词。
(1) Let him
(进来
).
(2) Let the student(
站
)outside the classroom.
(3) We made our classroom(
明亮
).
(4) Father have some employees(work) all day and all night.
(5) Did you have your bicycle (repair)?
(6) I have nothing (do) this afternoon. Let ' s go swimming.
(7) He kept us (read) the story once and again.
(8) The keeper kept the monkey (
在笼子里
).
(9) Jenny had her money (
偷了
).
(10) I found myself (surround) by some snakes.
(11) I would like to see the plan (carry) out.
(12) Who got the machine (start)?
(13) Jim asked me (wait) him at the school gate.
(14) The boy was made (stand) outside the room.
(15) Don ' t allowhe guests (smoke) here.
注意：
1.
不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。
以
get
为例：(翻译以下句子)
He's getting angry. (S V P) ___________________________________________
He got through the window. (S V) __________________________________________________
You'll get a surprise. (S V O) ___________________________________________
He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C)
He got himself into trouble. (S V O) ____________________________________
He got her a splendid present. (S V O O) ______________________________________________
2.
阅读的文章中用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，
通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语
(
modifier
)而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词
(主要是形容词、副词和数词)，也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词 短语)。
• We found the hall full.
我们发现礼堂坐满了
。
• We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
, 我发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。
• We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.
•
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。
• We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a
comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。
反馈检测题
一、 请判断下列划线部分的句子成分，并写在横线下。
1) Tomorrow is another day.
2) After hearing the funny story, my sister laughed.
3) I have a lot of online friends.
4) My parents will buy me a new computer on my birthday.
5) Everything will be better in the future.
6) I ' m getting along well with my classmates.
7) I saw my neighbour walking the dog last Sunday.
8) They got very tired after outdoor games.
9) We returned the next afternoon.
10) That was a fantastic weekend for me.
二、 判断下列简单句的句型类型。
1. He is running very fast.
2. The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.
3. The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.
4. She seemed angry.
5. My father bought me a beautiful present.
7. Will you tell us an exciting story?
6. Why do you keep your eyes closed?
8. I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.
9. Both Tom and Jack enjoy playing tennis.
三、 请判断下列简单句是哪种基本句型，写在括号中；另外请划出句子主干部分，并在横线下注 明句子成分。
1. Failure is the mother of success. (
2. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (
3. Who answered the telephone just now? (
4. You gave me some good advice. (
5. We caught him stealing a watch from the counter. (
6. There are many apple trees in the garden.
(存在句型
V + S
,是全部倒装句 )
7. He fell asleep during the class. (
8. They gave a party to celebrate their success yesterday evening. (
9. We stopped on the top of the mountain to enjoy the beautiful views of the mountain areas.
10. This new technology will save us much time and labour. (
11. We consider it quite necessary to look into the case. (
12. Once upon a time there lived a king in China. (
四、 简单句句子扩展练习-----英汉互译
1
这个很帅的男孩是个学生(
handsome ))
2
房间里的那个男孩是个学生
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
3
正在唱歌的那个男孩是个学生
4.
4
在那边打篮球的那个男孩是个学生
5.
5
被人嘲笑了的那个男孩是个学生（
laugh at
））
7
穿红衣服的小女孩是第一个进班的学生。
(in red, the first to do)
8. Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.
9. He worked like a mad man in the garden last Sunday
10. I found the book easily.
11.I found the book easy.
12.I have to do something.
13.I have something to do.
五、改正下列句子中的错误。
1. I am very like English.
2. The building broke out a big fire last night.
3. We all against the plan.
Cars will gradually in place of bikes.
He came up a suggestion at the conference.
6. You'd better write a letter for me quickly.
7. He handed me it.
8. He offered the seat for the old man on the bus.
9. Please fetch some water to the children.
10 . The old man saved much money to his son.
11 . We elected Li Hua the monitor of our class.
12 . The teacher caught him cheat in the exam.
13 . They were made work hard for the boss.
14 . Have you had your mobile phone repair in the shop?
15 . Gradually I find English easily to learn.
Key:
句型一：
(1) — (4) remain, turned; goes; sounds; comfortable
(5) — (8) keep; tastes; quiet, asleep; true
句型二：
1.
不及物动词：
(
1)
、⑶、
(
4);
及物动词：
(
2)
、
(
5)
。
2. (1) — (5) with, to, up, at, at
句型三
(1) I wrote a passage last night.
(2) I doubt whether he will join us in the debate.
(3) We missed going to college for that reason.
(4) What he said touched me greatly.
句型四
(1) — (3) for; to; for
句型五：
(I) — (5) in; stand; bright; working; repaired
(6) — (10) to do; reading; in the cage; stolen; surrounded
(II) — (15) carried; started; to wait; to stand; to smoke
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